Patients with a current diagnosis of breast cancer are enjoying dramatic cure rates and survivorship secondary to an increase in awareness, earlier detection, and more effective therapies. Although ...strategies such as Breast Cancer Awareness Month in October focus on early detection, lifestyle changes are seldom discussed other than dietary concerns and physical activity. Lifestyle modifications centered on diet and exercise have been demonstrated to affect overall disease-free survival in breast cancer. Since the early 2000s, the role of the human gut microbiota and its relation to breast cancer has become a major area of interest in the scientific and medical community. We live and survive owing to the symbiotic relationship with the microorganisms within us: the human microbiota. Scientific advances have identified a subset of the gut microbiota: the estrobolome, those bacteria that have the genetic capability to metabolize estrogen, which plays a key role in most breast cancers. Recent research provides evidence that the gut microbiome plays a substantial role in estrogen regulation. Gut microbiota diversity appears to be an essential component of overall health, including breast health. Future research attention should include a more extensive focus on the role of the human gut microbiota in breast cancer.
By ignoring the root causes of disease and neglecting to prioritize lifestyle measures for prevention, the medical community is placing people at harm. Advanced nations, influenced by a Western ...lifestyle, are in the midst of a health crisis, resulting largely from poor lifestyle choices. Epidemiologic, ecologic, and interventional studies have repeatedly indicated that most chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes, are the result of lifestyles fueled by poor nutrition and physical inactivity.In this article, we describe the practice of lifestyle medicine and its powerful effect on these modern instigators of premature disability and death. We address the economic benefits of prevention-based lifestyle medicine and its effect on our health care system: A system on the verge of bankruptcy. We recommend vital changes to a disastrous course. Many deaths and many causes of pain, suffering, and disability could be circumvented if the medical community could effectively implement and share the power of healthy lifestyle choices. We believe that lifestyle medicine should become the primary approach to the management of chronic conditions and, more importantly, their prevention. For future generations, for our own health, and for the Hippocratic Oath we swore to uphold ("First do no harm"), the medical community must take action. It is our hope that the information presented will inspire our colleagues to pursue lifestyle medicine research and incorporate such practices into their daily care of patients. The time to make this change is now.
Gas was sampled regionally, including by drilling into faults, in the South Kanto gas-field around Tokyo Bay, Japan. Gas samples were collected from cores in a gas sampling container immediately ...after drilling. A value of δ13C1=−44.3‰ was obtained for gas in the container and δ13C1=−36.3‰ for seeping gas in a fault zone. However, typical CH4 in this dissolved-in-water gas-field is mainly depleted in 13C, and δ13C1 values range from −66‰ to −68‰ owing to microbial degradation of organic material. 13C-rich CH4 is so far uncommon in the South Kanto gas-field. Seepages were observed from the surface along the north–south fault zone. The natural gas is stored below the sandstone layer by impermeable mudstone underlying the boundary at a depth of 30m. Gas seepages were not observed below a depth of 40m. Gas rises along the fault zone dissolved-in-groundwater up to the shallow region and then separates from the groundwater. 13C-rich CH4 (adsorbed CH4) was found to have desorbed from drilled mudstone core samples taken at depths of 1400–1900m in the main gas-production strata. Similarly, 13C-rich CH4 was found in black shale overlying the oceanic crust forming part of a sedimentary accretionary prism underling the Tokyo region. It also appears in the spring-water of spa wells, originating at a depth of 1200–1500m along a tectonic line. Methane generated by microbial degradation of organic material through CO2 reduction in the South Kanto gas-field mainly originates as biogenic gas mixed with a small amount of 13C-rich CH4, derived from thermogenic gas without oil components in strata. It is assumed that 12C-rich CH4 is easily detached from core or pore water through gas production, whereas 13C-rich CH4 is strongly adsorbed on the surfaces of particles. The 13C-rich CH4 rises along the major tectonic line or up the 50m wide normal fault zone from relatively deep sources in the Kanto region.
Localization and expression of connective tissue growth factor/hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 (CTGF/Hcs24) during fracture healing in mouse ribs were investigated. In situ ...hybridization demonstrated that CTGF/Hcs24 mRNA was remarkably expressed, especially in hypertrophic chondrocytes and proliferating chondrocytes, in the regions of regenerating cartilage on days 8 and 14 after fracture. CTGF/Hcs24 mRNA was also expressed in proliferating periosteal cells in the vicinity of the fracture sites on days 2 and 8, and in cells in fibrous tissue around the callus on day 8. Northern blot analysis showed that expression of CTGF/Hcs24 mRNA was 3.9 times higher on day 2 of fracture healing than that on day 0. On day 8, it reached a peak of 8.6 times higher than that on day 0. It then declined to a lower level. Immunostaining showed that CTGF/Hcs24 was localized in hypertrophic chondrocytes and proliferating chondrocytes in the regions of regenerating cartilage, and in active osteoblasts in the regions of intramembranous ossification. Although CTGF/Hcs24 was abundant in the proliferating and differentiating cells (on days 8 and 14), immunostaining decreased as the cells differentiated to form bone (on day 20). CTGF/Hcs24 was also detected in cells in fibrous tissue, vascular endothelial cells in the callus, and periosteal cells around the fracture sites. These results suggest that CTGF/Hcs24 plays some role in fracture healing.
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) has been treated by achieving safe surgical margin rather than by using adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in our country and 2-cm wide margin can be considered as adequate margin ...according to Kawaguchi’s criteria. We evaluated local recurrence (LR) and prognosis following resection of high-grade large STS using JOA surgical margin concept.
Treatment strategy: Surgical resection with at least 2cm-wide margin was attempted whenever possible. Marginal or 1cm-wide margin are acceptable when preserving neurovascular bundles. RT is conducted postoperatively for marginal or R1 margin. Chemotherapy is indicated for patients less than 60 years old with deep seated, high grade and large tumor. PATIENTS: Inclusion criteria are localized STS in the extremities or trunk, larger than 5cm, FNCLCC grade 2 or 3, limb sparing surgery, primary complete resection at our institution, and minimum 3 years of follow-up. We retrospectively analyzed 69 patients treated between 2007 and 2014.
Median follow-up was 64 months. Median tumor size was 8.7cm. 6 patients underwent postoperative RT due to inadequate surgical margin. 21 (30%) patients received chemotherapy. There were 7 (10%) LR with average 14.5 months after surgery. Average size of tumor developing LR (14.8cm) was statistically larger than that without LR (9.8cm, p<0.05). Only 1 of 9 patients developed LR after postoperative RT for inadequate resection. Distant metastasis was shown in 14 patients with average 20 months after surgery. There was no statistical difference of LR-free and overall survival between wide resection alone and inadequate resection with postoperative RT. Chemotherapy did not significantly affect overall survival.
In this series of high-grade large STS, resection alone with 2cm-wide margin led to good local control, which is identical to previous reports with surgery plus RT. Adjuvant RT should be given for resection with marginal margin or R1 margin of the resected specimen.
The authors.
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All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Ignimbrite, which is consolidated by vapor-phase crystallization, is weathered in humid regions to form a special type of weathering profile that consists of a hydrated zone, an exfoliated zone, and ...a disintegrated zone from the depth to the ground surface, with each zone having a basal front. The ignimbrite is hydrated first and loses a significant amount of phosphorous at the hydration front, where rock-forming tridymite is dissolved and cristobalite is precipitated. The ignimbrite further loses its alkali and alkali earth components at the top of the hydrated zone by reacting with reactive water from the exfoliated zone, then the leached layers are exfoliated and become part of the exfoliated zone, and then they soften significantly. At the top of the exfoliated zone, rock is disintegrated so completely that rock texture disappears. Water from rainstorms infiltrates down to the exfoliation front, but penetrates only slightly further downward, thus saturating the weathered rock in the exfoliated and disintegrated zones and leading to a landslide with a slip surface within the exfoliated zone.
Because sugar and its derivatives play important roles in various biological phenomena, the rapid and high-throughput analysis of various glycoconjugates is keenly desirable. We describe herein the ...construction of a novel fluorescent lectin array for saccharide detection using a supramolecular hydrogel matrix. In this array, the fluorescent lectins were noncovalently fixed under semi-wet conditions to suppress the protein denaturation. It is demonstrated by fluorescence titration and fluorescence lifetime experiments that the immobilized lectins act as a molecular recognition scaffold in the hydrogel matrix, similar to that in aqueous solution. That is, a bimolecular fluorescence quenching and recovery (BFQR) method can successfully operate under both conditions. This enables one to fluorescently read-out a series of saccharides on the basis of the recognition selectivity and affinity of the immobilized lectins without tedious washing processes and without labeling the target saccharides. Simple and high-throughput sensing and profiling were carried out using the present lectin array for diverse glycoconjugates, which not only included a simple glucose, but also oligosaccharides, and glycoproteins, and, furthermore, the pattern recognition and profiling of several types of cell lysates were also accomplished.
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