1: ESGE recommends that all duodenal adenomas should be considered for endoscopic resection as progression to invasive carcinoma is highly likely.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 2: ESGE ...recommends performance of a colonoscopy, if that has not yet been done, in cases of duodenal adenoma.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 3: ESGE recommends the use of the cap-assisted method when the location of the minor and/or major papilla and their relationship to a duodenal adenoma is not clearly established during forward-viewing endoscopy.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 4: ESGE recommends the routine use of a side-viewing endoscope when a laterally spreading adenoma with extension to the minor and/or major papilla is suspected.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 5: ESGE suggests cold snare polypectomy for small (< 6 mm in size) nonmalignant duodenal adenomas.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. 6: ESGE recommends endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) as the first-line endoscopic resection technique for nonmalignant large nonampullary duodenal adenomas.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 7: ESGE recommends that endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for duodenal adenomas is an effective resection technique only in expert hands.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 8: ESGE recommends using techniques that minimize adverse events such as immediate or delayed bleeding or perforation. These may include piecemeal resection, defect closure techniques, noncontact hemostasis, and other emerging techniques, and these should be considered on a case-by-case basis.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 9: ESGE recommends endoscopic surveillance 3 months after the index treatment. In cases of no recurrence, a further follow-up endoscopy should be done 1 year later. Thereafter, surveillance intervals should be adapted to the lesion site, en bloc resection status, and initial histological result. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
Iatrogenic Stapfer type-1 duodenal perforations during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) typically necessitate surgical management and carry significant morbidity and mortality ...risk. Here, we present a case of a large duodenal perforation during ERCP managed endoscopically with an over-the-scope clip (OTSC) and describe the subsequent post-procedural management. An 80-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with acute cholangitis. Abdominal ultrasound scan revealed a dilated biliary tree with echogenic material in the common hepatic and intrahepatic ducts. The patient proceeded to ERCP, where filling defects consistent with stones were found in the proximal main bile duct on cholangiogram. Stone retrieval was complicated by a large iatrogenic perforation of the infero-lateral duodenal wall, distal to the major ampulla (Stapfer type-1). Following unsuccessful attempts to close the defect using through-the-scope clips, a decision was made to attempt closure endoscopically using an OTSC. The duodenoscope was exchanged for a forward-viewing gastroscope mounted with the OTSC. The perforation defect was fully suctioned into the cap and the clip was successfully deployed. Subsequent on-table fluoroscopy with contrast injection did not demonstrate any extra-luminal contrast leak. The patient developed a post-procedure infra-duodenal collection, however, made a complete recovery with bowel rest, negative pressure regulation at the site of the OTSC using a dual-lumen nasogastric/nasojejunal feeding tube and intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam. Thus, OTSCs potentially offer a safe and effective endoscopic treatment modality for the immediate management of ERCP-related Stapfer type-1 duodenal perforations.
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim
Post‐marketing studies comparing low‐volume polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐based regimens are limited. This randomized study aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a ...novel 1‐L low‐volume PEG‐based preparation: 1 L PEG+Asc (PEG3350, sodium ascorbate, sodium sulfate, ascorbic acid, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride) with PEG+SPMC (PEG3350, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium sulfate, sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, citric acid, and aspartame), prior to routine colonoscopy at an Australian tertiary referral center.
Methods
Outpatients undergoing colonoscopy were randomized to receive either split‐dose 1 L PEG+Asc or split‐dose PEG+SPMC. Bowel preparation quality using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BPPS), modified Aronchick scores, procedure time, cecal intubation, and adenoma detection rates were recorded. Patient compliance and tolerability were captured using a standardized questionnaire.
Results
A total of 173 patients were randomized, of whom 164 completed the study and were allocated to 1 L PEG+Asc (n = 82) or PEG+SPMC (n = 82). Non‐inferiority of 1 L PEG+Asc was demonstrated with 89% achieving successful preparation (total BPPS ≥6 and each sub‐score ≥2) compared with 85.4% in the PEG+SPMC group, resulting in an estimated difference of 3.7% (95% CI −6.6% to 13.9%). The median BBPS was non‐inferior in all colonic segments with 1 L PEG+Asc (BBPS 3 interquartile range 2–3) vs PEG+SPMC (BBPS 2 interquartile range 2–3). More 1 L PEG+Asc patients reported moderate to severe nausea (P = 0.028), but overall tolerability was similar.
Conclusions
The quality of bowel preparation achieved with 1 L PEG+Asc is non‐inferior to that with PEG+SPMC, with similar tolerability outcomes. Further studies are required in patients at risk of suboptimal bowel preparation.
This randomized Australian single‐center colonoscopist‐blinded study shows that 1 L PEG+Asc is non‐inferior to PEG+SPMC in achieving successful bowel preparation defined as a BBPS of = 6. In this study, 1L PEG+Asc also demonstrated non‐inferiority in several secondary endpoints such as proportion achieving good‐to‐excellent preparation according to the modified Aronchick scale and demonstrated similar patient‐reported tolerability.
Standardisation of polypectomy technique Moss, Alan; Nalankilli, Kumanan
Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology,
August 2017, 2017-Aug, 2017-08-00, 20170801, Letnik:
31, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
There are several approaches to polypectomy for sessile polyps <20 mm and for pedunculated polyps. Recent evidence is leading towards standardisation of polypectomy technique. Key recent polypectomy ...developments include: 1. Use of cold snare polypectomy (CSP) for sessile polyps <10 mm; 2. Use of hot snare polypectomy (HSP) following submucosal injection for sessile polyps sized 10–19 mm; 3. Piecemeal cold snare polypectomy (PCSP), with or without prior submucosal injection, for select sessile polyps sized 10–19 mm, where the potential risk for an adverse event is increased (e.g. polyps in the caecum or ascending colon, or patients with increased risk of post-polypectomy bleeding), and where the risk of submucosal invasion is low; 4. Avoidance of hot biopsy forceps (HBF); 5. Limiting the use of cold biopsy forceps (CBF) to the smallest of diminutive polyps, where CSP is not feasible; 6. Mechanical haemostasis prior to polypectomy for large pedunculated polyps with head ≥20 mm or stalk ≥10 mm.
Abstract
Background and study aims
There are limited longitudinal data regarding detection rates for sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSADR) and right-sided hyperplastic polyps (RHPDR) that ...constitute the proximal serrated lesion detection rate (PSLDR). Recently, a minimum PSLDR of 4.5 % has been suggested. This study was designed to assess SSADR, PSLDR and adenoma detection rate (ADR) for a newly qualified gastroenterologist and compare them to published data and to assess the change in SSADR, PSLDR and ADR over time for potential improvement with experience.
Patients and methods
All colonoscopies performed by a single colonoscopist (AM), at one Australian ambulatory direct-access endoscopy center over 4 years from 2011 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Histology was reported by a single expert pathologist (SL). ADR, SSADR, RHPDR and PSLDR were recorded.
Results
A total of 841 colonoscopies were performed on 637 patients. Of them, 454 (54 %) were males. Mean age was 59 years. Of the colonoscopies, 87 % were performed for patients with ASA scores of 1 – 2, 422 (50.2 %) were for screening or surveillance, 374 (44.5 %) for investigation of symptoms and 45 (5.4 %) had therapeutic indications. Conventional adenomas were detected in 346 colonoscopies (ADR = 41.1 %), SSA/P in 124 (SSADR = 14.7 %) and RHP in the absence of SSA/P in 35 (RHPDR = 4.2 %). PSLDR was 18.9 %. ADR was stable over time (range 33 %-50 %). SSADR and PSLDR increased over time SSADR: 8.6 % (2011), 8.4 % (2012), 14.9 % (2013), 18.5 % (2014), 25.0 % (2015); PSLDR: 10.5 % (2011), 11.3 % (2012), 16.8 % (2013), 27.2 % (2014), 29.4 % (2015). There was a statistically significant improvement in SSADR (IRR 1.37) and PSLDR (IRR 1.36) over the study period (
P
< 0.001), whereas the ADR remained stable (IRR 1.04,
P
= 0.334).
Conclusions
SSADR and PSLDR in this unselected direct-access cohort are high and exceed previously reported detection rates in the final 2 years. Detection rates improved with experience, likely representing a learning effect. The minimum expected PSLDR may need to be revised upwards and further studies are required, particularly in areas where screening colonoscopies are offered only for patients with increased colorectal cancer risk (family history or fecal immunochemical test-positive).
A 43-year-old man was referred by his general practitioner to the hepatology clinic with deranged serum aminotransferases, discovered as part of routine blood tests. The objective was to identify the ...cause of elevated serum aminotransferases in this patient in a systematic manner. Thorough history and physical examination revealed a background history of rippling muscle disease secondary to caveolin-3 protein deficiency, with typical clinical signs. There was a positive family history of musculoskeletal disease in the patient's father and brother. Previous diagnostic tests performed to investigate the patient's musculoskeletal symptoms, including muscle biopsies, were revisited. Subsequent systematic investigations such as blood tests, liver ultrasound scan and Fibroscan® were performed to exclude potential causes of the deranged serum aminotransferases. Liver biopsy was not performed. A consistent pattern of chronic low-grade elevations of serum aminotransferases, less than three times the upper limit of the normal range, was found. This was associated with a consistently elevated serum creatine kinase and normal renal function tests. Previous muscle biopsies had revealed chronic degenerative and regenerative changes suggestive of a focal necrotizing myopathy. Liver ultrasound scan and Fibroscan® were normal. With exclusion of other liver diseases and identification of profoundly elevated serum creatine kinase concentration, the deranged aminotransferases were attributed to rippling muscle disease.
BACKGROUND : Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is the standard of care for the resection of small (< 10 mm) colonic polyps. Limited data exist for its efficacy for medium-sized (10-19 mm) nonpedunculated ...polyps, especially conventional adenomas. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of CSP/cold endoscopic mucosal resection (C-EMR) for medium-sized nonpedunculated colonic polyps. METHODS : A prospective multicenter observational study was conducted of all morphologically suitable nonpedunculated colonic polyps of 10-19 mm removed by CSP/C-EMR between May 2018 and June 2021. Once resection was complete, multiple biopsies were taken of the margins circumferentially and centrally. The primary outcome was the incomplete resection rate (IRR), based on residual polyp in these biopsy specimens. Secondary outcomes were recurrence rate at first surveillance colonoscopy and rates of adverse events (AEs). RESULTS : CSP/C-EMR was performed for 350 polyps (median size 15 mm; 266 76.0 % Paris 0-IIa classification) in 295 patients. Submucosal injection was used for 87.1 % (n = 305) of polyps. Histology showed 68.6 % adenomas, 26.0 % sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) without dysplasia, 4.0 % SSL with dysplasia, and 1.4 % hyperplastic polyps. The IRRs based on margin or central biopsies being positive were 1.7 % (n = 6) and 0.3 % (n = 1), respectively. The polyp recurrence rate was 1.7 % (n = 4) at first surveillance colonoscopy - completed for 65.4 % (n = 229) of polyps at a median interval of 9.7 months. AEs occurred in 3.4 % (n = 10) of patients: four with post-polypectomy pain; three self-limiting post-polypectomy bleeds; two post-polypectomy-syndrome-like presentations; and one intraprocedural bleed treated with clips. There were no perforations. CONCLUSION : CSP/C-EMR for morphologically suitable nonpedunculated colonic polyps of 10-19 mm is effective and safe, including for conventional adenomas. Rates of incomplete resection and recurrence were low, with few AEs. Studies directly comparing this method with hot snare resection are required.
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