The dynamic art of growing COF crystals Navarro, Jorge A R
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
07/2018, Letnik:
361, Številka:
6397
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Growth modulation leads to large, high-quality covalent organic framework crystals
Diamonds consist of an ordered array of tetrahedral carbon atoms, held together by strong covalent bonds. Despite ...this simple structure, making diamond crystals is difficult, requiring extremely high pressures and temperatures that can only be achieved deep in Earth's crust or through sophisticated experiments. Building covalent organic frameworks (COFs) similarly involves the ordered spatial arrangement, in a two- or three-dimensional crystalline network, of organic units linked together by strong covalent bonds. Growing single crystals of robust COFs is challenging because it requires the dynamic formation and cleavage of strong covalent bonds. On page 48 of this issue, Ma
et al.
(
1
) report a simple method for growing large, high-quality single crystals of COF networks held together by strong imine covalent bonds.
Marine life is controlled by multiple physical and chemical drivers and by diverse ecological processes. Many of these oceanic properties are being altered by climate change and other anthropogenic ...pressures. Hence, identifying the influences of multifaceted ocean change, from local to global scales, is a complex task. To guide policy‐making and make projections of the future of the marine biosphere, it is essential to understand biological responses at physiological, evolutionary and ecological levels. Here, we contrast and compare different approaches to multiple driver experiments that aim to elucidate biological responses to a complex matrix of ocean global change. We present the benefits and the challenges of each approach with a focus on marine research, and guidelines to navigate through these different categories to help identify strategies that might best address research questions in fundamental physiology, experimental evolutionary biology and community ecology. Our review reveals that the field of multiple driver research is being pulled in complementary directions: the need for reductionist approaches to obtain process‐oriented, mechanistic understanding and a requirement to quantify responses to projected future scenarios of ocean change. We conclude the review with recommendations on how best to align different experimental approaches to contribute fundamental information needed for science‐based policy formulation.
This work describes in situ synthesis and application of the zinc glutamate Bio Metal-Organic Framework (BioMOF) supported on cellulose fabrics as a dual material for nitric oxide (NO) and ...5-fluorouracil (5FU) controlled delivery for wound and/or skin cancer therapy. In situ synthesis of BioMOF on the cotton fabric was successfully achieved and the incorporation of NO and 5FU was studied. We have observed that BioMOF doped with FeII metal ions has a beneficial impact on NO incorporation. The products obtained were analyzed with X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Diffuse Reflectance UV–Vis-NIR spectrometer, X-Ray pHotoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption analysis, Transition UV–Visible spectroscopy, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS). Moreover, antibacterial and anticancer activity in melanoma skin cell was carried out in order to prove the biological activity of the drug-loaded BioMOF on treated cellulose fabrics. These studies are indicative of the potential of BioMOF@cellulose fabric composites for the controlled delivery of bioactive molecules on the wound and/or cancer.
The modified cellulose fabric by in situ synthesis of zinc glutamate Bio Metal-Organic Framework (BioMOF) was used as a dual material for nitric oxide (NO) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) controlled delivery for wound and/or skin cancer therapy. Display omitted
•In situ synthesis of the zinc glutamate Bio Metal-Organic Framework (BioMOF) on cellulose•Doping BioMOF with FeII metal ions for improving nitric oxide incorporation•Nitric oxide and 5-fluorouracil controlled delivery for wound and/or skin cancer therapy.•Antibacterial property for drug-loaded BioMOF on treated cellulose fabric•Anticancer activity against melanoma cell for the drug-loaded BioMOF on treated fabric
Genome mining has become a key technology to exploit natural product diversity. Although initially performed on a single-genome basis, the process is now being scaled up to mine entire genera, strain ...collections and microbiomes. However, no bioinformatic framework is currently available for effectively analyzing datasets of this size and complexity. In the present study, a streamlined computational workflow is provided, consisting of two new software tools: the 'biosynthetic gene similarity clustering and prospecting engine' (BiG-SCAPE), which facilitates fast and interactive sequence similarity network analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters and gene cluster families; and the 'core analysis of syntenic orthologues to prioritize natural product gene clusters' (CORASON), which elucidates phylogenetic relationships within and across these families. BiG-SCAPE is validated by correlating its output to metabolomic data across 363 actinobacterial strains and the discovery potential of CORASON is demonstrated by comprehensively mapping biosynthetic diversity across a range of detoxin/rimosamide-related gene cluster families, culminating in the characterization of seven detoxin analogues.
A series of Ce/Zr mixed-metal-organic frameworks with different topology/connectivity, namely, Ce/Zr-UiO-66 (U01, U02, and U03) (fcu (12-c)), Ce/Zr-DUT-67-PZDC (D01 and D02) (reo (8-c)), and ...Ce/Zr-MOF-808 (M01, M02, and M03) (spn (6-c)) were evaluated toward the detoxification of toxic nerve agent model diisopropylfluorophosphate (DIFP) at room temperature in unbuffered aqueous solution. Noteworthily, the catalytic rate for P-F bond cleavage increased with increasing Ce/Zr molar ratio. A further increase in catalytic activity can be achieved by Mg(OMe)
doping of the mixed-metal MOFs as exemplified with M01@Mg(OMe)
and M02@Mg(OMe)
systems. The results show that Mg(OMe)
incorporation into the mesoporous cavities of M01 and M02 give rise to P-F hydrolytic degradation half-lives of nearly 5 and 2 min with 100% degradation of DIFP after 55 and 65 min for M01@Mg(OMe)
1:2 and M02@Mg(OMe)
1:4, respectively.
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