Introduction: Morphometry of body and neural arch of lumbar vertebrae is very crucial in manufacturing screws, interspinous implants as well as preoperative planning of surgeries involving ...dorsolumbar spine. Aim: To determine various dimensions of typical and atypical lumbar vertebrae. Materials and Methods: A descriptive osteological study was carried out which included 66 intact adult dry human lumbar vertebrae (53 typical and 13 atypical) which were free of any deformity or pathological features. All the 53 typical vertebrae were randomly obtained. The following parameters were measured with slide callipers- superior transverse diameter and superior anteroposterior diameters of vertebral foramen; transverse diameter, antero-posterior diameter and anterior height of vertebral body; width, height of pedicles; interpedicular distance; maximum thickness of lamina; length of transverse process; maximum length, maximum height and maximum central thickness of spinous process. The data was tabulated and analysed using Microsoft Excel software. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for each parameter. Unpaired t-test was applied and p-value was derived for parameters like width and height of pedicles, thickness of lamina and length of transverse process. The p-value<0.05 were considered as significant. Results: The vertebral foramen (superior transverse diameter20.41±2.54 mm, superior antero-posterior diameter- 13.3±2.04 mm); vertebral body (transverse diameter- 44.43±5.91 mm, antero-posterior diameter- 30.17±3.19 mm, anterior height24.01±1.84 mm); pedicle (width- 10.85±3.94 mm on left side and 11.04±4.01 mm on right side, height- 13.84±4.01 mm on left side and 13.8±1.93 mm on right side, interpedicular distance- 29.17±5.06 mm); lamina (thickness- 6.6±1.36 mm on left side and 6.85±1.34 mm on right side); transverse process (length- 20.94±4.01 mm on left side and 21.51±4.5 mm on right side); spinous process (maximum length- 26.01±3.73 mm, maximum height- 19.92±4.03 mm, maximum central thickness- 6.42±1.41 mm). The mean transverse diameter and antero-posterior diameter of vertebral foramen of atypical lumbar vertebrae were higher than those of the typical lumbar vertebrae and these differences were significant (p-value of 0.0001 for transverse diameter and p-value of 0.005 for antero-posterior diameter). Conclusion: Most of the parameters of atypical lumbar vertebrae were found to be more compared to those of typical lumbar vertebrae. This inference should be kept in mind during fixation of lumbar inter-spinous implants, designing of pedicular screws and spinal grafting.
The taxonomy of Azolla-cyanobiont is a long-term debate within the scientific community. Morphological and biochemicalbased reports indicated the presence of Anabaena, Nostoc and/or Trichormus ...azollae as abundant Azolla-cyanobionts, however, molecular data did not support the abundance of Anabaena and/or Nostoc. To understand furthermore, the cyanobiont diversity in six species of Azolla (A. microphylla, A. mexicana, A. filiculoides, A. caroliniana, A. pinnata and A. rubra) was analyzed based on 16S rRNA Illumina-MiSeq sequencing. Additionally, biomass and nutrient profiling of Azolla spp. were analyzed and correlated with cyanobiont diversity. Illumina-MiSeq data revealed that 99.6–99.9% of total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonged to Nostocophycideae (class), Nostocales (order) and Nostacaceae (family). At genus level, the unassigned affiliation (93.4–97.9%) under Nostacaceae family was abundant followed by Cylindrospermopsis OTUs (1.1–6.0%). Interestingly, A. pinnata harboured maximum Cylindrospermopsis OTUs and also recorded higher biomass (40.67 g m⁻² day⁻¹), whereas crude protein (25.9%) and antioxidants (76.9%) were recorded to be higher in A. microphylla. Biplot analysis revealed that A. pinnata and its cyanobiont abundance were positively correlated with neutral and acid detergent fibers. Overall, the present findings deepened the understanding about cyanobiont in Azolla and its relations with Azolla nutrient profiling.
Wild edible flowers used as indigenous food and improve remarkably to the nutritional security of several tribal people of Koraput. However, systematic study on nutritional and nutraceutical ...potential of these wild edible flowers is meager. Present study evaluated the proximate compositions, vitamins, phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant capacity in selected wild flowers of Koraput. The protein, fat and carbohydrates of the wild flowers are varied from 3.36 to 5.38, 2.29 to 5.51% and 0.89 to 5.59%, respectively. The wild flowers are rich in energy content which varied from 49.49 to 80.64 kcal100g
−1
. The energy content was highest in
Sesbania grandiflora
followed by >
Gliricidia sepium
>
Bauhinia variegata
>
Indigofera tinctoria
>
Woodfordia fruticosa.
The flowers are rich in vitamin C (1.97–5.12 mg 100 g
−1
) and vitamin E (0.25–1.34 mg 100 g
−1
)
.
The studied wild flowers contain antioxidant, flavonoid and phenol which were varied from 92.3 to 238.86%, 7.19 to 14.47 mg 100 g
−1
dry weight and 32.47 to 111.93 mg 100 g
−1
dry weight, respectively. Antioxidant capacity showed significant positive relation with vitamin C, vitamin E and flavonoid. Based on the results, some wild flowers rich in antioxidants should be promoted for the sources of natural antioxidants and beneficial for health.
Calvarial tuberculosis (TB) with intracranial tuberculoma and skin involvement is rare condition even in endemic regions.
A 43-year-old man presented with a generalized seizure, altered mental state, ...scalp swelling, and pus-discharging sinus over the scalp. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain indicated a conflicting diagnosis of anaplastic meningiomas and chronic osteomyelitis with intracranial extension. Débridement and drainage of intracranial pus was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed TB. After surgery, the patient's general condition improved, and he was started on antitubercular drugs.
Calvarial TB manifests with various clinical features, and strong clinical suspicion is needed to diagnose and treat it. Only a few cases of calvarial TB with either skin involvement or intracranial extension have been reported in the literature. The present case was challenging to diagnose with a rare presentation involving both intracranial and extracranial extension.
Restoration of mining overburden disposal area is a challenging effort to minimize environmental impacts and boost sustainable agricultural production. A pot study was performed to assess the growth ...and physiological performances of Niger
Guizotia abyssinica
(L.f.) Cass. under varying mining soil amendments in garden soil to explore the possibilities of cultivation of Niger in bauxite mining overburden disposal area. Significant increase in plant biomass and metal tolerance index of Niger seedlings was recorded under lower concentrations (10%, 20%) of mining soil and further declined with increasing of mining soil amendments. Leaf photosynthetic pigments, SPAD index and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were not remarkably changed under both the concentrations of mining soil in comparison with the plants grown on garden soil, but these studied parameters were remarkably decreased under elevated mining soil amendments. The shape of OJIP fluorescence transients was also decreased under higher concentrations of mining soil. A pronounced increase of some antioxidant enzymes activities in Niger under elevated mining soil concentration indicates its metal tolerance and detoxification ability to oxidative stress. Based on the strong plant performances, the present study highly encourages the cultivation of Niger under bauxite mining overburden by 20% mining soil amendments.
Abstract Introduction Calvarial Tuberculosis with intracranial tuberculoma and skin involvement is rare condition even in endemic regions. Case presentation We herein describe an adult male patient ...presenting with generalized seizure ,altered mental state, scalp swelling and pus discharging sinus over scalp .MRI brain gave conflicting diagnosis of Anaplastic menigiomas /chronic osteomyelitis with intra cranial extension .Debridement and drainage of intracranial pus was done. Histopathological examination reported as tuberculosis .After surgery Patient’s general condition improved and was started on anti tubercular drugs. Conclusion Calvarial tuberculosis presents in various clinical features. Strong clinical suspicion is needed to diagnose and treat .Only few cases of Calvarial tuberculosis with either skin involvement or intracranial extension have been reported in literature We report this patient as it was challenging to diagnose and also rare presentation involving both intra and extra cranial extension.
PDF
