The healing of combat wounds can be complicated by the presence of foreign bodies. The present research aimed to study the regeneration of soft tissue injuries complicated by foreign bodies in the ...form of fragments of military uniforms.
60 rats were divided into four groups: intact (Int), control (Con) and two experimental (EG1, EG2). In Con, wounds were sutured without implantation of foreign bodies. A uniform consisting of 100% cotton was used as foreign bodies for EG1 and a uniform consisting of 65% cotton and 35% polyester for EG2. Histological studies were performed according to generally accepted methods. The growth factors wеre determined by ELISA.
In EG1, the inflammatory reaction proceeded protractedly, which complicated the development of granulation tissue. In EG2, considering the moderate inflammatory reactions, healing of the wounds became possible. The increase of the growth factors content in Con was maximal at the 15th day: basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-2.2 times and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-1.6 times (p<0.001). In experimental groups, the bFGF content was maximal at the 60th day and exceeded the normal values by 1.7 times in EG1 and by 2.6 times in EG2 (p<0.001); the level of VEGF was slightly higher than that in healthy animals.
The study showed wound healing in all groups. The repair of injuries in rats of EG1 and EG2 was complicated by the textile implant and took longer. The dynamics of the content of growth factors reflected the impairment of wound healing processes. These violations were more pronounced in the EG1 group.
Modern weapons cause severe damage, accompanied by high rates of complications and mortality. The investigation of such kinds of weapons is in high demand considering the ongoing active phase of ...russia's war against Ukraine since February 2022. In order to understand the pathological processes that occur in and outside the gunshot wound, we conducted an experimental study using mathematical simulation. The results presented in the article will help to choose the appropriate surgical management and improve the results of treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the damaging effect of a 5.45 mm 7N6M bullet and a 5.45 mm V-max expansive bullet using numerical modeling of wound canals in ballistic plasticine. The Ansys Explicit Dynamics engineering complex was used to simulate the dynamics of the bullet’s motion. The basic equations, solved by the explicit dynamic analysis, express the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in Lagrange coordinates. Together with the material model and the set of initial and boundary conditions, they determine the complete solution to the problem. Taking into account that the initial velocity of the bullet is 1185 m/s at a mass of 3.9 g, we obtain energy 2740 J. All this energy acts at the area of the wound canal with a depth of 150 mm. Injury with a conventional 7N6M bullet is characterized by the fact that it passes through the block and loses only part of the kinetic energy. The simulation results showed that the velocity of the bullet at the outlet is 220 m/s. Taking into account the initial velocity of the bullet 918 m/s with a mass of 3.4 g, we obtain the kinetic energy acting on the walls of the wound canal with a depth of 200 mm of about 830 J. Mathematic analyses showed that the expansive bullet has a soft core that deforms and transfers all the kinetic energy to the tissues immediately after penetration into the tissues. The loss of kinetic energy of the bullet (ΔE, J) is defined as the difference between the kinetic energy at the time of injury (Ec, J) and the residual energy of the bullet when leaving the material (Er, J). Numerical modeling of wound ballistics in biological tissue simulators allows us to determine with high accuracy the features of wound canal formation and tissue response to damage of bullets having different kinetic energy, which contributes to the choice of adequate surgical management during surgery for gunshot wounds.
The purpose of the study was to analyze the elemental, quantitative, and qualitative composition of foreign bodies of a firearm origin removed from the soft tissues of military personnel during a ...limited military conflict in Ukraine, as well as to investigate the phase composition and structural characteristics of metallic foreign bodies having ferromagnetic properties. The elemental, quantitative, and qualitative composition of 3690 identified and 1928 removed foreign bodies of soft tissues of gunshot origin, identified in 1046 wounded, was analyzed. After removal from the soft tissues, the following foreign bodies were identified: metal - 1600 (83%), wood - 8 (0.4%), plastic - 10 (0.5%), rubber - 4 (0.2%), organic (soil, leaves, grass) - 68 (3.5%), parts of concrete - 8 (0.4%), parts of clothing - 224 (11.6%), glass - 6 (0.3%). Among metal foreign bodies, ferromagnetic ones made up 1542 (96.4%) cases, non-magnetic ones - 58 (3.6%). Ferromagnetic foreign bodies interact strongly with permanent magnets. The development and practical application of new special surgical instruments using permanent magnets that will simplify the diagnosis, search and removal of foreign bodies of fire origin is advisable.
The results of the developed set of magnetic surgical instruments for measuring parameters and testing wounds, diagnosis and removal of metallic ferromagnetic foreign bodies were analysed. Is a ...description of tools and devices, technologies used for the diagnosis and removal of metallic ferromagnetic foreign bodies. Using a magnetic surgical instruments for gunshot wounds has improved the quality of diagnosis and
treatment outcomes.
Актуальність. Вивчення на субклітинному рівні органел ендотеліальних клітин капілярів скелетних м'язів дозволило деталізувати тривалість і особливості регенерації новостворених капілярів м'язової ...тканини після вогнепальних осколкових поранень. Мета. Виявлення особливостей перебудов субмікроскопічної архітектоніки ендотеліоцитів кровоносних капілярів скелетних м'язів в різні терміни після вогнепального поранення. Методи. Експериментальне моделювання вогнепальних осколкових поранень м'яких тканин виконувалося на 20 племінних кроликах, яким було нанесено вогнепальне поранення на ділянку м’язів стегна з пістолета «Форт». Шматочки рубцевої тканини з ранового каналу видаляли для електронно-мікроскопічного дослідження зі збільшенням 20000-60000 крат на 30 та 60 добу після поранення. Результати. У сформованій рубцевої тканини через 30 діб після вогнепального поранення ядерна мембрана ендотеліоцитів мала розпушений вид і утворювала численні дрібні інвагінації. В ядрах розташовувалися грудочки конденсованого хроматину, які концентрувалися уздовж ядерної мембрани. Цитоплазма ендотеліальних клітин містила невелику кількість дрібних мітохондрій з одиничними кристами. Мембрани шорсткого ендоплазматичного ретікулуму помірно розпушені, втрачали чітко контуровану структуру, а цистерни сплощені. Цитоплазматична мембрана, звернена до току крові, схильна до розпушення і осередкової деструкції. Через 60 діб цитоплазма переважного числа ендотеліальних клітин містила велику кількість полісом і рибосом, які розташовувалися іноді у вигляді скупчень. Ядра ендотеліоцитів мали неправильну видовжену форму. Ядерна мембрана утворювала множинні глибокі і дрібні інвагінації. Грудочки конденсованого хроматину, локалізувалися на внутрішній мембрані ядра і мали високу ступінь осміофіліі. Центральна область матриксу ядра володіла низькою електронною щільністю і була заповнена дифузно розсіяними гранулами деконденсованого хроматину і рибосомами. Перинуклеарний простір розширений і мав вигляд електронно-прозорих вакуолей. Підсумок. Зміни внтутріклеточних органел ендотеліоцітов кровоносних капілярів м'язів виявлені на 30 добу після вогнепального поранення пов'язані з гіпоксічними внутрішньоклітинними процесами, що протікають в мітохондріях. Дані отримані на 60 добу свідчить про хронічний перебіг дистрофічного процесу.
Purpose of the study the peculiarities of rearrangements of skeletal muscle fibroblasts surrounding the wound canal at various times after an experimentally modeled gunshot shrapnel wounds. ...Experimental modeling of gunshot shrapnel wounds of soft tissues has been carried out on 20 laboratory animals - breeding rabbits of the breed «Chinchilla». To laboratory animal was caused a gunshot wound in the sartorius area with the gun «Fort-12» caliber 9 mm. The initial velocity of the fragment was 305 m/s. Ultrathin muscle sections were examined using an EM-125 electron microscope at accelerating voltage of 75 kV, with a magnification of 20000 - 60000 arm. In an experiment it was revealed that on the thirtieth day most of the fibroblasts of the wound canal in the femoral muscle tissue had an ultrastructure characteristic of the course of compensatory-adaptive, synthetic, and reparative processes. Sixty days after a gunshot wound, the submicroscopic organization of fibroblasts from the wound canal area undergoes disorders associated with a decrease in the synthetic activity of fibroblasts.
The article presents the results of experimental modeling of superficial fragment gunshot wounds of soft tissues, obtained in low-energy gunshot wounds. The pathomorphosis of gunshot wounds was ...studied, and the features and timing of their healing were compared depending on the temperature of the damaging fragments. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the temperature of the injuring shrapnel on the healing processes of the soft tissues of experimental animals with superficial low-energy fragment gunshot wounds. Using the random number method, laboratory animals (rabbits) were divided into 3 experimental groups (15 animals each). In each group, wounding was with fragments with different temperatures − 18°С, 50°С and 100°С. The control group consisted of 10 intact animals. On day 14th, 30th and 60th, 5 animals from each group were withdrawn from the experiment. Microscopic examination of soft tissues was performed using a PRIMO STAR light microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) at magnification by 56 and 400 times. When assessing the state of tissues in the area of wound damage, it was established that as the temperature of the injuring fragment increases, a slower filling of the defect formed by the necrotic detritus in the process of utilization of necrotic detritus is observed. The high temperature of the injuring fragment along with the mechanical rupture of tissues causes thermal coagulation necrosis. Dense coagulated necrotic masses covering the wound canal from the inside, not only increase the volume of necrotic masses, but also complicate the process of wound healing. At a temperature of wounding fragments 100°C, the formation of a necrotic crust on the surface of the wound occurred on average 3±1.2 days later than at temperatures of 18°C and 50°C, the least pronounced healing took place at the bottom of the wound and in the muscle tissue. Microscopically necrotic, not dystrophic changes were observed in myocytes. Thus, a comparative analysis of the pathomorphosis of soft tissues in a wound when injured from an air rifle MP-532 with different temperature of the fragments showed differences from both the alteration of the tissues and the regenerative potential.
The article presents the results of experimental modeling of superficial fragment gunshot wounds of soft tissues, obtained in low-energy gunshot wounds. The pathomorphosis of gunshot wounds was ...studied, and the features and timing of their healing were compared depending on the temperature of the damaging fragments. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the temperature of the injuring shrapnel on the healing processes of the soft tissues of experimental animals with superficial low-energy fragment gunshot wounds. Using the random number method, laboratory animals (rabbits) were divided into 3 experimental groups (15 animals each). In each group, wounding was with fragments with different temperatures − 18°С, 50°С and 100°С. The control group consisted of 10 intact animals. On day 14th, 30th and 60th, 5 animals from each group were withdrawn from the experiment. Microscopic examination of soft tissues was performed using a PRIMO STAR light microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) at magnification by 56 and 400 times. When assessing the state of tissues in the area of wound damage, it was established that as the temperature of the injuring fragment increases, a slower filling of the defect formed by the necrotic detritus in the process of utilization of necrotic detritus is observed. The high temperature of the injuring fragment along with the mechanical rupture of tissues causes thermal coagulation necrosis. Dense coagulated necrotic masses covering the wound canal from the inside, not only increase the volume of necrotic masses, but also complicate the process of wound healing. At a temperature of wounding fragments 100°C, the formation of a necrotic crust on the surface of the wound occurred on average 3±1.2 days later than at temperatures of 18°C and 50°C, the least pronounced healing took place at the bottom of the wound and in the muscle tissue. Microscopically necrotic, not dystrophic changes were observed in myocytes. Thus, a comparative analysis of the pathomorphosis of soft tissues in a wound when injured from an air rifle MP-532 with different temperature of the fragments showed differences from both the alteration of the tissues and the regenerative potential.
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