The environment of street trees is so particularly stressful that street trees management has been practiced by physio-ecological methode up to now, and street trees are increasingly simplified by ...few species of high adaptability to environment. So it may be difficult to cope with uncertain future environment change such as occurrance of peculiar damage for predominant species. In this study, we tried to introduce the concept of ecological diversity into the management of street trees to manage them from macroscopical view point, using the data of Yokohama city. It became clear that we should research richness, evenness, evenness of distribution, and age distribution of street trees to manage them.
After disasters, people are often forced to reconstruct or move to new residences. This study aimed to reveal the association between the types of reconstructed residences and psychosocial or ...psychiatric conditions among the population. A total of 1071 adult residents in a coastal town, whose houses were destroyed by the tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, enrolled in the study five years after the disaster. The type of reconstructed post-disaster residences (reconstructed on the same site/disaster-recovery public condominium/mass-translocation to higher ground/privately moving to remote areas) and the current psychosocial indicators were investigated. The results revealed that individuals living in public condominiums showed significantly worse scores on the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (p < 0.0001) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (p < 0.0001), and slightly worse scores on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (p = 0.035) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (p = 0.028). Lower psychosocial indicator scores in the public condominium group were more remarkable in younger adults aged < 65 years. Insomnia evaluated using the Athens Insomnia Scale was not different among the four residential types. In summary, residents moving into disaster-recovery public condominiums are likely to have less social interaction, be more depressed, and may need additional interventions.
This paper describes the outline of a development project for the HTS magnet for the superconducting Maglev, which commenced in 1999. A very small current decay rate of 0.44%/day was achieved in ...2003, using a prototype HTS coil, and a second HTS magnet, consisting of four persistent current HTS coils, was produced in 2005 for vehicle running tests. The second HTS magnet was operated in a persistent current mode at a rated magneto-motive force of 750 kA, and a top speed of 553 km/h was attained on the Yamanashi Maglev Test Line on December 2,2005.
An HTS magnet for a Superconducting Maglev, consisting of four persistent current HTS coils, was developed. The HTS coils are installed in a cryostat, and cooled to approximately 15 K by conduction ...cooling, using two sets of two-stage GM type pulse tube cryocoolers. The HTS magnet is operated in a persistent current mode at a rated magneto-motive force of 750 kA. The running tests were executed on the Yamanashi Maglev Test Line, with a top speed of 553 km/h achieved on December 2, 2005. The test result demonstrated that the HTS coils generated no excessive vibration or heat load.
We developed an HTS coil for maglev applications. The magnet consists of four persistent current HTS coils and is operated at a rated temperature of 20 K and a rated magnetomotive force of 750 kA for ...each coil. This paper describes the fabrication and test results of each persistent current HTS coil. The HTS coil consists of 12 single-pancake coils wound with four parallel Ag-sheathed Bi2223 wires and a persistent current switch (PCS) made of YBCO thin films. The coil is conductively cooled by a cryocooler to approximately 20 K. Persistent current operating tests for four HTS coils at 750 kA were carried out and current decay rates of 0.37-0.68%/day were obtained. Mechanical vibration tests up to plusmn15 (plusmn150 m/s 2 ) were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of the HTS coils. Temperature increasing tests up to 25 K, which is 5 K higher than the rated operating temperature and higher magnetomotive force operating tests up to 800 kA were carried out to investigate the thermal stability of the coils and check the mechanical strength of the coils
An HTS magnet for maglev application has been developed. The magnet consists of four persistent-current HTS coils, and is operated at a rated temperature of 20 K and a rated magnetomotive force of ...750 kA for each coil. This paper describes the structure and performance test results of the HTS magnet. The four HTS coils are installed in a cryostat and conductively cooled by two sets of two-stage GM type pulse tube cryocoolers below 20 K. Detachable current leads, which are composed of connectors and ultrasonic motors, are adopted to reduce the heat leakage to the 1st stage cold head of the cryocoolers. The HTS coils are simultaneously charged up to the rated magnetomotive force. Persistent current operating tests were carried out and the current decay rates of 0.4-0.7%/day were attained. Also, in order to evaluate the mechanical capability of the magnet, vibration tests were conducted and permissible vibration responses were obtained
An high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet, consisting of an HTS coil, a persistent current switch, a GM type two-stage pulse tube cryocooler, and YBCO current leads was developed. Detachable ...current leads were adopted to reduce heat leakage during persistent current operation. The HTS coil was cooled to approximately 10 K and persistent current mode operation tests were carried out at various currents up to 532 A, which is the rated current. Current decay at each persistent current mode operation was investigated by measuring the magnetic field at the center of the coil. The current decay rate at the 532 A operation was found to be approximately 0.44%/day.
Magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained in 35 patients with intramedullary spinal tumors were reviewed. Hypointense areas on both T1- and T2-weighted images were seen within or around eight tumors, ...all of which were in the cervical cord. Hypointensity at the tumor margin was seen in seven cases. Hypointensity within the tumor was seen in two cases. (One case had both types of hypointensity). In seven surgically confirmed cases, hypointensity at the tumor margin was found to be a relatively firm pseudocapsule, and hypointensity within the tumor corresponded to intratumoral hematoma. All of the tumors with hypointensity were ependymomas at histologic examination. When MR imaging shows an intramedullary tumor with hypointensity at the tumor margin, it is suggestive, but not pathognomonic, of an ependymoma.
Cranial malignant fibrous histiocytomas are rare tumors. Most are hypervascular, destructive masses that are similar to other malignant lesions and to malignant fibrous histiocytomas found elsewhere ...in the body. We describe a myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the temporal bone, possibly of dural origin, with features that more closely resembled a meningioma at CT, MR imaging, and angiography.
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