The experiment was conducted to estimate the effect of N fertilizer level (0, 180, 220 and 260 kg/ha) together with different planting density (4.8, 6,7 and 11.1 plant m2) on forage production at 4 ...cutting times, grain yield and their nutrients of shorgum cultivar S21 for animal feed. the result showed that as increasing N fertilizers, all characters, viz, plant height, number of tillers per plant, leaf area index and forage production were significantly increased, especially at first cutting and grain harvesting times. As increasing N fertilizer from 180 to 260kg N per ha, the average total forage production increased from 119.8 ton per ha to 185.9 ton per ha and the average grain yield significantly increased from 2.32 ton per ha to 3.72 ton per ha. Under all N fertilizer level, both forage production and grain yield were increased as higher planting density. Both the highest total forage production (208.9 ton per ha) and grain yield (4.17 ton per/ha) were obtained when planting with 11.1 plant/m2 and applying 260 kg N per ha. Higher N fertilizer increased leaf and stem nutrient such as protein, lipid and HCN content, whereas decreased ash content. High plating density can reduced HCN content in leaf and stem
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a potential cell-free therapy against osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, we investigated the ...therapeutic effects of EVs released by cytokine-primed umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) on osteoarthritic chondrocyte physiology. Priming UCMSCs individually with transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), interferon alpha (IFNα), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) significantly reduced the sorting of miR-181b-3p but not miR-320a-3p; two negative regulators of chondrocyte regeneration, into EVs. However, the EV treatment did not show any significant effect on chondrocyte proliferation. Meanwhile, EVs from both non-priming and cytokine-primed UCMSCs induced migration at later time points of measurement. Moreover, TGFβ-primed UCMSCs secreted EVs that could upregulate the expression of chondrogenesis markers (
COL2
and
ACAN
) and downregulate fibrotic markers (
COL1
and
RUNX2
) in chondrocytes. Hence, priming UCMSCs with cytokines can deliver selective therapeutic effects of EV treatment in OA and chondrocyte-related disorders.
Truthfulness in accounting creates a significant concern for academics, practitioners, regulators, and the press. This study investigates the influence of the Board of Directors (BOD) characteristics ...on the truthfulness of accounting reports. The research uses quantitative methods to test hypotheses with a sample of 747 listed companies from 2008 to 2020. The results illustrate that the frequency of meetings of the Board of Directors, Board expertise, and Board independence positively influence the truthfulness of the financial reporting. At the same time, the duality of the BOD negatively affects the truthfulness of the financial reporting. Based on the findings, the study recommends developing an appropriate corporate governance system to increase the truthfulness of financial reporting for listed firms in Vietnam.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for 80%–85% of total cases and leading to millions of deaths worldwide. Drug resistance is the primary cause of ...treatment failure in NSCLC, which urges scientists to develop advanced approaches for NSCLC treatment. Among novel approaches, the miRNA-based method has emerged as a potential approach as it allows researchers to modulate target gene expression. Subsequently, cell behaviors are altered, which leads to the death and the depletion of cancer cells. It has been reported that miRNAs possess the capacity to regulate multiple genes that are involved in various signaling pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase, receptor tyrosine kinase/rat sarcoma virus/mitogen-activated protein kinase, wingless/integrated, retinoblastoma, p53, transforming growth factor β, and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways. Dysregulation of these signaling pathways in NSCLC results in abnormal cell proliferation, tissue invasion, and drug resistance while inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, understanding the roles of miRNAs in regulating these signaling pathways may enable the development of novel NSCLC treatment therapies. However, a comprehensive review of potential miRNAs in NSCLC treatment has been lacking. Therefore, this review aims to fill the gap by summarizing the up-to-date information on miRNAs regarding their targets, impact on cancer-associated pathways, and prospective outcomes in treating NSCLC. We also discuss current technologies for delivering miRNAs to the target cells, including virus-based, non-viral, and emerging extracellular vesicle-based delivery systems. This knowledge will support future studies to develop an innovative miRNA-based therapy and select a suitable carrier to treat NSCLC effectively.
Biochar is suggested as a conditioner for salt-affected soils for various crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar on the growth and physiology of sugarcane under saline and ...non-saline conditions at an early growth stage. The experiment was conducted in pots in the greenhouses with three replications. Three biochar rates (0, 5, and 10 tons ha−1) were applied before transplanting sugarcane seedlings into the pots. Four weeks after transplanting, plants were irrigated with 300 mL of 100 mM NaCl every two days for 2 weeks. Salinity significantly affected the growth and physiology of sugarcanes. The application of biochar increased plant height, shoot dry weight, root volume, root dry weight, Fv/Fm, and chlorophyll content while decreasing the water saturation deficit and the relative ion leakage in the leaves under both saline and non-saline conditions. Thus, biochar application has positive effects on the growth and physiology of sugarcane at an early growth stage under both saline and non-saline conditions. However, further study is suggested to investigate the effects of biochar on sugarcane under saline stress in the field at different growth stages.
Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) have been illustrated for their roles in immunological modulation and tissue regeneration through the secretome. Additionally, culture ...conditions can trigger the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) into extracellular environments with significant bioactivities. This study aims to investigate the roles of three EV sub-populations released by UCMSCs primed with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and their capacity to alter dermal fibroblast functions for skin aging. Results show that three EV sub-populations, including apoptotic bodies (ABs), microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes (EXs), were separated from conditioned media. These three EVs carried growth factors, such as FGF-2, HGF, and VEGF-A, and did not express noticeable effects on fibroblast proliferation and migration. Only EX from TGFβ-stimulated UCMSCs exhibited a better capacity to promote fibroblasts migrating to close scratched wounds than EX from UCMSCs cultured in the normal condition from 24 h to 52 h. Additionally, mRNA levels of ECM genes (COL I, COL III, Elastin, HAS II, and HAS III) were detected with lower levels in fibroblasts treated with EVs from normal UCMSCs or TGFβ-stimulated UCMSCs compared to EV-depleted condition. On the contrary, the protein levels of total collagen and elastin released by fibroblasts were greater in the cell groups treated with EVs compared to EV-depleted conditions; particularly elastin associated with TGFβ-stimulated UCMSCs. These data indicate the potential roles of EVs from UCMSCs in protecting skin from aging by promoting ECM protein production.
In tropical and subtropical areas, peanuts are a very important legume crop that is widely cultivated for food and cooking oil. They are, however, extremely susceptible to a wide range of ...phytopathogens, particularly soil-borne fungi, which result in low yields and poor seed quality. This study aimed to express three Trichoderma asperellum SH16 42 kDa chitinase-encoding genes in peanut to improve their resistance to some soil-borne fungi. Chi42 is a synthetic, intronless, wild-type gene, whereas syncodChi42-1 and syncodChi42-2 are peanut codon-optimized synthetic genes. These genes were introduced into a local peanut strain through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Analysis of the transgenic peanut lines showed that chitinase-specific activities from the syncodChi42-1 and syncodChi42-2 genes were approximately 1.2 and 1.4 times higher than those of the wild-type gene, respectively. The engineered peanut plants also exhibited antifungal activity against the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii. The transgenic peanut lines transformed with the two synthetic genes have stronger antifungal activities than those transformed with the wild-type version, suggesting that they could be used as novel peanut lines to combat phytopathogenic fungi.
Abstract
This paper describes a glucose electrochemical biosensor, layer-by-layer fabricated from graphene and polyaniline films. Graphene sheets (0.5×0.5
cm
2
) with the thickness of 5 nm (15 ...layers) were synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under ambient pressure on copper tapes. Then they were transferred into integrated
Fe
3
O
4
-doped polyaniline (PANi) based microelectrodes. The properties of the nanocomposite films were thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical methods, such as square wave voltametry (SWV) and chronoamperometry. The above graphene patterned sensor (denoted as Graphene/
Fe
3
O
4
/PANi/GOx) shows much improved glucose sensitivity (as high as 47 μ
A
mM
−1
cm
−2
) compared to a non-graphene one (10–30 μ
A
mM
−1
cm
−2
, as previously reported in the literature). It can be expected that this proof-of-concept biosensor could be extended for other highly sensitive biodetection.
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