The incidence of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) increases with age, but it is unclear how the characteristics of the disease vary with age. In children, where CML is very rare, it presents with more ...aggressive features, including huge splenomegaly, higher cell count and higher blast cell percentage.
To investigate if after childhood the disease maintains or loses these characteristics of aggressiveness, we analyzed 2784 adult patients, at least 18 years old, registered by GIMEMA CML WP over a 40-year period.
Young adults (YAs: 18–29 years old) significantly differed from adults (30–59 years old) and elderly patients (at least 60 years old) particularly for the frequency of splenomegaly (71%, 63% and 55%, P < 0.001), and the greater spleen size (median value: 4.5, 3.0 and 1.0cm, P < 0.001). According to the EUTOS score, that is age-independent, high-risk patients were more frequent among YAs, than among adult and elderly patients (18%, 9% and 6%, P < 0.001). In tyrosine kinase inhibitors-treated patients, the rates of complete cytogenetic and major molecular response were lower in YAs, and the probability of transformation was higher (16%, 5% and 7%, P = 0.011).
The characteristics of CML or the host response to leukemia differ with age. The knowledge of these differences and of their causes may help to refine the treatment and to improve the outcome.
NCT00510926, NCT00514488, NCT00769327, NCT00481052.
As Coordenadorias de Proteção e Defesa Civil (PDC) do Brasil constituem-se na principal instância de atuação pública frente à ocorrência de eventos extremos nos municípios, bem como às ações de ...prevenção, mitigação e preparação ao risco de desastres. Este estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de informações coletadas no curso de capacitação das coordenadorias de PDC do estado do Paraná em 2017. Em situações de risco, são os coordenadores municipais os primeiros agentes a estabelecerem contato com a população e encaminharem as medidas necessárias ao atendimento das ocorrências. Dentre os cenários encontrados, pode-se verificar a baixa participação, elevada evasão e desistência dos inscritos no curso, comprometendo a qualificação e efetividade das ações. Por isto, é importante que os gestores locais se comprometam com a redução dos riscos de desastres, participando dos treinamentos a fim de subsidiar as ações da PDC e auxiliar seus municípios a se tornarem mais resilientes.
YNK01 (Starasid) is a prodrug that is adsorbed in the gut and is transformed in the liver in arabinosyl cytosine (AC). Low-dose AC (LDAC) is useful for the treatment of Philadelphia positive (Ph+) ...chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), especially in combination with alpha-interferon (alphaIFN). The use of YNK01 can avoid the daily s.c. injection of conventional AC. To assess the safety and the efficacy of alphaIFN and YNK01, we enrolled 86 consecutive previously untreated chronic phase Ph+ CML patients in a phase II study of alphaIFN (Intron-A) 5 MIU/m(2) daily and YNK01 600 mg daily 14 days a month. The 6-month complete hematologic response and the 12-month major cytogenetic response rates were 78 and 28%, respectively. In a prior study of alphaIFN and conventional LDAC, they were 62 and 22%, respectively. However, the compliance to the treatment was poor, with 25% of cases discontinuing the treatment within the first year. This was not because of the severity of the side effects but because of the frequency, duration and repetition of the side effects, for an overall frequency of 13.17 adverse events, mostly grade 1 and 2, per patient per year. Therefore, the study of this effective combination is being pursued, testing lower doses of alphaIFN and YNK01.
Muography is an imaging technique based on the measurement of absorption profiles for muons as they pass through rocks and earth. Muons are produced in the interactions of high-energy cosmic rays in ...the Earth's atmosphere. The technique is conceptually similar to usual X-ray radiography, but with extended capabilities of investigating over much larger thicknesses of matter thanks to the penetrating power of high-energy muons. Over the centuries a complex system of cavities has been excavated in the yellow tuff of Mt. Echia, the site of the earliest settlement of the city of Naples in the 8th century BC. A new generation muon detector designed by us, was installed under a total rock overburden of about 40 metres. A 26 days pilot run provided about 14 millions of muon events. A comparison of the measured and expected muon fluxes improved the knowledge of the average rock density. The observation of known cavities proved the validity of the muographic technique. Hints on the existence of a so far unknown cavity was obtained. The success of the investigation reported here demonstrates the substantial progress of muography in underground imaging and is likely to open new avenues for its widespread utilisation.
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•New titanium phosphates (TiPs) for Pb and U removal from aqueous solutions.•TiP3 containing Na in its structure exhibited high sorption capacity.•The sorption on TiP3 was rapid and ...pH-dependent.•The mechanism combines ion exchange, surface complexation and surface precipitation.•TiP3 is a powerful sorbent suitable for industrial and environmental applications.
The application of new synthesized titanium phosphates to the lead and uranium removal from acidic aqueous solutions (pH 2) was explored. Batch sorption experiments were carried out using lead- and uranyl solutions of concentration range 50–6000 and 50–4000 mg·L−1 respectively. The effect of pH, concentration, competing cations, temperature and reaction time on the adsorption equilibrium was investigated. The sorbents were examined by FTIR, XRD, XPS and SEM-EDS and characterized as mix salts while the formation of precipitates chloropyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3Cl) and sodium-autunite (NaUO2PO4) after sorption was demonstrated. Typical sorption isotherms were constructed and modelled by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The highest sorption capacity values (qmax: 2000 mg·g−1 Pb and 1250 mg·g−1 U) were observed for TiP3 which contains sodium in its structure. The kinetic data, obtained at 298, 308 and 323 K, obeyed a pseudo-second order equation and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. EPA Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and desorption experiments were performed in order to test the environmental compatibility of the sorbents. The results indicated that the sorption of Pb and U on titanium phosphates can be interpreted by a model combining adsorption and surface complexation toward surface precipitation.
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