We report the detection of an ultra-bright fast radio burst (FRB) from a modest, 3.4-day pilot survey with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder. The survey was conducted in a wide-field ...fly's-eye configuration using the phased-array-feed technology deployed on the array to instantaneously observe an effective area of 160 deg2, and achieve an exposure totaling 13200 deg2 hr . We constrain the position of FRB 170107 to a region in size (90% containment) and its fluence to be 58 6 Jy ms. The spectrum of the burst shows a sharp cutoff above 1400 MHz, which could be due to either scintillation or an intrinsic feature of the burst. This confirms the existence of an ultra-bright ( Jy ms) population of FRBs.
At the first Computational Wind Engineering conference in 1992 “Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering models using the
k–ε turbulence model” were proposed. In this paper ...it is shown that these conditions can be directly derived by treating the onset flow as a horizontally homogeneous turbulent surface layer, with the flow being driven by a shear stress at the top boundary. This approach is extended to provide the inlet profiles and boundary conditions appropriate for modelling the flow using the standard
k–ε, RNG
k–ε, Wilcox
k–ω and LRR QI turbulence models. Means for their application within the commercial CFD code CFX 12.0 are given. It is shown that within the flow the various turbulence model constants set the effective value of von Kármán's constant, which does vary slightly between models. The discrepancy between the turbulence level set by the standard turbulence model constants and that observed in the atmosphere is discussed. Problems with excessive turbulence generation near the ground and the over-prediction of stagnation pressures are discussed and possible solutions proposed.
The recent association of several short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with early-type galaxies with low star formation rates demonstrates that short bursts arise from a different progenitor mechanism than ...long bursts. However, since the duration distributions of the two classes overlap, membership is not always easily established. The picture is complicated by occasional softer, extended emission lasting tens of seconds after the initial spikelike emission comprising an otherwise short burst. Using the large BATSE sample with time-tagged event (TTE) data, we show that the fundamental defining characteristic of the short-burst class is that the initial spike exhibits negligible spectral evolution at energies above 625 keV. The behavior is nearly ubiquitous for the 260 bursts with T sub(90) < 2 s for which the BATSE TTE data type completely included the initial spike. We find this same signature--negligible spectral lag--for six Swift BAT short bursts and one HETE-2 short burst. We also analyze a small sample of "short" BATSE bursts--those with the most fluent, intense extended emission. The same lack of evolution on the pulse timescale obtains for the extended emission in the brighter bursts for which significant measurements can be made. We also show that the dynamic range in the ratio of peak intensities, spike:extended, is 6 10 super(4). However, for our BATSE sample the total counts fluence of the extended component equals or exceeds that in the spike by a factor of several. A high Lorentz factor, 6500-1000, might explain the negligible lags.
High-quality materials are critical for advances in plasmonics, especially as researchers now investigate quantum effects at the limit of single surface plasmons or exploit ultraviolet- or ...CMOS-compatible metals such as aluminum or copper. Unfortunately, due to inexperience with deposition methods, many plasmonics researchers deposit metals under the wrong conditions, severely limiting performance unnecessarily. This is then compounded as others follow their published procedures. In this perspective, we describe simple rules collected from the surface-science literature that allow high-quality plasmonic films of aluminum, copper, gold, and silver to be easily deposited with commonly available equipment (a thermal evaporator). Recipes are also provided so that films with optimal optical properties can be routinely obtained.
Multiplicity is one of the most fundamental observable properties of massive O-type stars and offers a promising way to discriminate between massive star formation theories. Nevertheless, companions ...at separations between 1 and 100 milliarcsec (mas) remain mostly unknown due to intrinsic observational limitations. At a typical distance of 2 kpc, this corresponds to projected physical separations of 2-200 AU. The Southern MAssive Stars at High angular resolution survey (SMASH+) was designed to fill this gap by providing the first systematic interferometric survey of Galactic massive stars. We observed 117 O-type stars with VLTI/PIONIER and 162 O-type stars with NACO/ Sparse Aperture Masking (SAM), probing the separation ranges 1-45 and 30-250 mas and brightness contrasts of deltaH < 4 and deltaH < 5, respectively. Taking advantage of NACO's field of view, we further uniformly searched for visual companions in an 8" radius down to deltaH = 8. This paper describes observations and data analysis, reports the discovery of almost 200 new companions in the separation range from 1 mas to 8" and presents a catalog of detections, including the first resolved measurements of over a dozen known long-period spectroscopic binaries. Excluding known runaway stars for which no companions are detected, 96 objects in our main sample (delta < 0degrees; H < 7.5) were observed both with PIONIER and NACO/SAM. The fraction of these stars with at least one resolved companion within 200 mas is 0.53. Accounting for known but unresolved spectroscopic or eclipsing companions, the multiplicity fraction at separation rho < 8" increases to functionof sub(m) = 0.91 + or - 0.03. The fraction of luminosity class V stars that have a bound companion reaches 100% at 30 mas while their average number of physically connected companions within 8" is functionof sub(c) = 2.2 + or - 0.3. This demonstrates that massive stars form nearly exclusively in multiple systems. The nine non-thermal radio emitters observed by smash+ are all resolved, including the newly discovered pairs HD 168112 and CPD-47degrees 2963. This lends strong support to the universality of the wind-wind collision scenario to explain the non-thermal emission from O-type stars.
We present a detailed chemical composition analysis of 35 red giant stars in the globular cluster M 22. High resolution spectra for this study were obtained at five observatories, and analyzed in a ...uniform manner. We have determined abundances of representative light proton-capture, α, Fe-peak and neutron-capture element groups. Our aim is to better understand the peculiar chemical enrichment history of this cluster, in which two stellar groups are characterized by a different content in iron, neutron capture elements Y, Zr and Ba, and α element Ca. The principal results of this study are: (i) substantial star-to-star metallicity scatter (− 2.0 ≲ Fe/H ≲ −1.6); (ii) enhancement of s-process/r-process neutron-capture abundance ratios in a fraction of giants, positively correlated with metallicity; (iii) sharp separation between the s-process-rich and s-process-poor groups by La/Eu ratio; (iv) possible increase of Cu/Fe ratios with increasing Fe/H, suggesting that this element also has a significant s-process component; and (v)presence of Na-O and C-N anticorrelations in both the stellar groups.
Plasmonic structures can provide deep-subwavelength electromagnetic fields that are useful for enhancing light–matter interactions. However, because these localized modes are also dissipative, ...structures that offer the best compromise between field confinement and loss have been sought. Metallic wedge waveguides were initially identified as an ideal candidate but have been largely abandoned because to date their experimental performance has been limited. We combine state-of-the-art metallic wedges with integrated reflectors and precisely placed colloidal quantum dots (down to the single-emitter level) and demonstrate quantum-plasmonic waveguides and resonators with performance approaching theoretical limits. By exploiting a nearly 10-fold improvement in wedge-plasmon propagation (19 μm at a vacuum wavelength, λvac, of 630 nm), efficient reflectors (93%), and effective coupling (estimated to be >70%) to highly emissive (∼90%) quantum dots, we obtain Ag plasmonic resonators at visible wavelengths with quality factors approaching 200 (3.3 nm line widths). As our structures offer modal volumes down to ∼0.004λvac 3 in an exposed single-mode waveguide–resonator geometry, they provide advantages over both traditional photonic microcavities and localized-plasmonic resonators for enhancing light–matter interactions. Our results confirm the promise of wedges for creating plasmonic devices and for studying coherent quantum-plasmonic effects such as long-distance plasmon-mediated entanglement and strong plasmon–matter coupling.
Background and Objectives
While the clinical impact of differences in red blood cell (RBC) component processing methods is unknown, there are concerns they may be confounding variables in studies ...such as the ongoing ‘age of blood’ investigations. Here, we compare the in vitro characteristics of red cell concentrates (RCCs) produced by several different processing methods.
Materials and Methods
Nine processing methods were examined: three apheresis methods (Alyx, MCS+ and Trima), as well as leucoreduced whole blood‐derived RCCs produced by buffy coat and whole blood filtration and non‐leucoreduced RCCs. RCCs were stored in saline–adenine–glucose–mannitol or additive solutions (AS) 1 or 3 for 42 days, with quality tested on day 5 and day 42.
Results
Many significant product differences were observed both early in and at the end of storage. Mean haemoglobin (Hb) ranged from 52 to 71 g/unit and mean Hct from 59·5 to 64·8%. Most RCC passed regulated quality control criteria according to Canadian Standards Association guidelines, although there were some failures relating to Hb content and residual WBC counts.
Conclusion
Processing method impacts RCC characteristics throughout storage; better understanding of these differences and reporting of processing method details is critical.
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