Juvenile hormones (JHs) control insect metamorphosis and reproduction. JHs act through a receptor complex consisting of methoprene-tolerant (Met) and taiman (Tai) proteins to induce transcription of ...specific genes. Among chemically diverse synthetic JH mimics (juvenoids), some of which serve as insecticides, unique peptidic juvenoids stand out as being highly potent yet exquisitely selective to a specific family of true bugs. Their mode of action is unknown. Here we demonstrate that, like established JH receptor agonists, peptidic juvenoids act upon the JHR Met to halt metamorphosis in larvae of the linden bug,
. Peptidic juvenoids induced ligand-dependent dimerization between Met and Tai proteins from
but, consistent with their selectivity, not from other insects. A cell-based split-luciferase system revealed that the Met-Tai complex assembled within minutes of agonist presence. To explore the potential of juvenoid peptides, we synthesized 120 new derivatives and tested them in Met-Tai interaction assays. While many substituents led to loss of activity, improved derivatives active at sub-nanomolar range outperformed hitherto existing peptidic and classical juvenoids including fenoxycarb. Their potency in inducing Met-Tai interaction corresponded with the capacity to block metamorphosis in
larvae and to stimulate oogenesis in reproductively arrested adult females. Molecular modeling demonstrated that the high potency correlates with high affinity. This is a result of malleability of the ligand-binding pocket of
Met that allows larger peptidic ligands to maximize their contact surface. Our data establish peptidic juvenoids as highly potent and species-selective novel JHR agonists.
This review article focuses on the use of breath tests in the field of bariatrics and obesitology. The first part of the review is an introduction to breath test problematics with a focus on their ...use in bariatrics. The second part provides a brief history of breath testing. Part three describes how breath tests are used for monitoring certain processes in various organs and various substances in exhaled air and how the results are analyzed and evaluated. The last part covers studies that described the use of breath tests for monitoring patients that underwent bariatric treatments. Although the number of relevant studies is small, this review could promote the future use of breath testing in the context of bariatric treatments.
Behavioral, physiological, and morphological changes commonly occurred to animals under domestication distinguish domestic animals from their wild ancestors. Similar changes on some wild animals kept ...in captivity (zoological gardens) can also be observed. This diploma thesis concerns these morphological changes on a skeleton of Equidae. For several species and subspecies of this family some osteometric data received from those kept in captivity are compared to those from the wild. A more detailed analysis with a focus on particular breeding lines is performed for Equus prewalskii.
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the multi-layer polymer flooring systems green products, where main focus is placed on recycled material fillers. The practical part is devoted to ...reference materials practical testing and also to testing of materials filled by secondary materials silicates with the conclusive tests support. The economic part should point out the advantages of the secondary raw materials use in terms of the final product lower price.
This diploma thesis deals with a reconstruction of the Germanic tribe of the Lombards' diet found at Kyjov burial site dated back to the Migration Period (5th - 6th century A.D.) as well as a ...research of their living conditions. The principal aim is a description of this population diet and its comparison to the other populations within this period and the Early Middle Ages era. The diet was examined by considering of carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) stable isotopes analysis received and evaluated from a group of 60 adult individuals (30 men and 30 females). In regard to the interpretation of the isotopes values, the stable isotopes C and N were present in some animal species (N=19). Apart from the above mentioned, several significant health indicators were chosen for evaluation which indirectly show health condition and quality of living conditions of the examined group. These health indicators were evaluated in relation to the diet. The results of this study indicate that the diet of Lombards' population was based on C3 plants and animal proteins, which is similar to the other localities in the time of the Migration Period. It shows a difference, namely in consumption of millet, providing that the Lombards to the Great Moravian's localities are compared. The millet seemed to be common part of...
The current financial crisis draws attention to the level of financial education among citizens. This thesis maps projects which are focused on financial education of the citizens of the Czech ...Republic. Based on the information found after a close study of projects focused on financial education, a necessity to develop a new financial education project. A project which is suitable for the current needs and reflects gaps of the studied projects. New project would be created for a non-profit organization.