This paper introduces a radically different conceptualization of human capital resources that runs counter to the individual-level approaches that have dominated human capital theory for the last 50 ...years. We leverage insights from economics, strategy, human resources, and psychology to develop an integrated and holistic framework that defines the structure, function, levels, and combinations of human capital resources. This multidisciplinary framework redefines human capital resources as individual or unit-level capacities based on individual knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) that are accessible for unit-relevant purposes. The framework and definition offer three broad contributions. First, multidisciplinary communication is facilitated by providing precise definitions and distinctions between individual differences, KSAOs, human capital, human capital resources, and strategic human capital resources. Second, given that human capital resources originate in individuals’ KSAOs, multiple distinct types of human capital resources exist at individual and collective levels, and these types are much more diverse than the historical generic-specific distinction. Third, the multiple types of human capital resources may be combined within and across levels, via processes of emergence and complementarity. Consequently, the locus of competitive advantage has less to do with whether human capital resources are generic or specific but instead occurs because nearly all human capital resource combinations are complex, are firm-specific, and lack strategic (or efficient) factor markets. Overall, the proposed multidisciplinary framework opens new avenues for future research that challenge the prevailing literature’s treatment of human capital resources.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to explore how 7-year-olds describe speech in children born with cleft palate in their own words and to investigate whether they perceive signs of velopharyngeal ...incompetence (VPI) and articulation errors, and if so, which terminology they use.
Methods/Participants:
Twenty 7-year-olds participated in 6 focus group interviews where they listened to 8 speech samples with different types of cleft speech characteristics and described what they heard. The same speech samples had been assessed by speech-language pathologists and comprised normal speech, different degrees of VPI, oral articulation disorders, and glottal articulation. The interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis.
Results:
The analysis resulted in 4 interlinked categories: descriptions of speech, thoughts on personal traits, consequences for communication, and emotional reactions and associations. Each category contains 4 to 5 subcategories with the children’s descriptions and reflections. Glottal articulation and severe signs of VPI caused the most negative emotional reactions and were described as sounding scary and incomprehensible and the children speculated on the risk of social rejection of the speakers. Retracted oral articulation was also noted and described but with a vocabulary similar to the professionals. Minor signs of VPI were not noted.
Conclusions:
Seven-year-olds are direct and straightforward in their reactions to cleft palate speech characteristics. More pronounced signs of VPI and articulatory difficulties, also minor ones, are noted. Clinically, articulatory impairments may be more important to treat than minor signs of VPI.
Nuclear-structure studies using fusion reactions are reviewed in terms of prospects for advancement using the next generation of
γ
-ray tracking arrays such as AGATA. Properties discussed include ...those of light
N
=
Z
nuclei and rotational behaviour in heavy nuclei at high values of angular momentum and internal excitation energy.
Objective:
To compare speech outcome and self-reported speech and communicative ability (SOK) in young adults treated with one-stage (OS) or two-stage (TS) palatal repair. Furthermore, to compare ...with normative data on individuals without cleft lip and palate and to study the relationship between patients’ and experts’ judgments.
Design:
A cross-sectional group comparison study with long-term follow-up. Participants: Patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated at 2 cleft centers; 17 with OS at 14 months and 25 with TS, soft palate repair at 7 months and hard palate repair at 6.2 years. Pharyngeal flap surgery was performed in 53% (OS) and 24% (TS) of patients.
Main Outcome Measure(s):
Speech characteristics were blindly assessed by speech and language pathologist from audio recordings, SOK at 19 years of age.
Results:
No group differences were found. Although the occurrence of nasality symptoms was low in both groups, only 60% (OS)/65% (TS) were assessed with competent velopharyngeal function (VPC). Articulation proficiency (percentage of consonants correct PCC) was 91%/97%, the /s/-sound specifically 87%/91%. Good intelligibility was found in 91%/87%. Patient opinion was in agreement with norms and significantly associated with intelligibility (rs = 0.436, P < .01), PCC (rs = −0.534, P < .01), and correct /s/ (rs = −0.354, P < .05).
Conclusions:
No differences in speech outcome were related to operation method. The low prevalence of VPC was not clearly reflected in nasality symptoms. Patient opinion was related to articulation and intelligibility. A higher burden of care in terms of pharyngeal flap surgery was seen after the OS technique.
Background
As opposed to the decreasing overall rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence and overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, heart failure (HF) and stroke incidence are ...increasing in young people, potentially due to rising rates of obesity and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).
Objectives
We investigated trends in early major CVD outcomes in a large cohort of young men.
Methods
Successive cohorts of Swedish military conscripts from 1971 to 1995 (N = 1,258,432; mean age, 18.3 years) were followed, using data from the National Inpatient and Cause of Death registries. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse changes in 21‐year CVD event rates.
Results
21‐year CVD and all‐cause mortality and incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) decreased progressively. Compared with the cohort conscripted in 1971–1975 (reference), the hazard ratios (HRs) for the last 1991–1995 cohort were 0.50 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42‐0.59 for CVD mortality; 0.57 (95% CI 0.54–0.60) for all‐cause mortality; and 0.63 (95% CI 0.53–0.75) for AMI. In contrast, the incidence of ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage and HF increased with HRs of 1.43 (95% CI 1.17–1.75), 1.30 (95% CI 1.01–1.68) and 1.84 (95% CI 1.47–2.30), respectively. During the period, rates of obesity increased from 1.04% to 2.61%, whilst CRF scores decreased slightly. Adjustment for these factors influenced these secular trends only moderately.
Conclusion
Secular trends of young‐onset CVD events demonstrated a marked shift from AMI and CVD mortality to HF and stroke incidence. Trends were significantly, though moderately, influenced by changing baseline BMI and CRF.
New physics opportunities are opening up by the Advanced Gamma Tracking Array, AGATA, as it evolves to the full 4
π
instrument. AGATA is a high-resolution
γ
-ray spectrometer, solely built from ...highly segmented high-purity Ge detectors, capable of measuring
γ
rays from a few tens of keV to beyond 10 MeV, with unprecedented efficiency, excellent position resolution for individual
γ
-ray interactions, and very high count-rate capability. As a travelling detector AGATA will be employed at all major current and near-future European research facilities delivering stable and radioactive ion beams.
NEDA—NEutron Detector Array Valiente-Dobón, J.J.; Jaworski, G.; Goasduff, A. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2019, Letnik:
927
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The NEutron Detector Array, NEDA, will form the next generation neutron detection system that has been designed to be operated in conjunction with γ-ray arrays, such as the tracking-array AGATA, to ...aid nuclear spectroscopy studies. NEDA has been designed to be a versatile device, with high-detection efficiency, excellent neutron-γ discrimination, and high rate capabilities. It will be employed in physics campaigns in order to maximise the scientific output, making use of the different stable and radioactive ion beams available in Europe. The first implementation of the neutron detector array NEDA with AGATA 1π was realised at GANIL. This manuscript reviews the various aspects of NEDA.
Bayesian belief and decision networks are modelling techniques that are well suited to adaptive-management applications, but they appear not to have been widely used in adaptive management to date. ...Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) can serve many purposes, from illustrating a conceptual understanding of system relations to calculating joint probabilities for decision options and predicting outcomes of management policies. We describe the nature and capabilities of BBNs, discuss their applications to the adaptive-management process, and present a case example of adaptive management of forests and terrestrial lichens in north-central British Columbia. We recommend that those unfamiliar with BBNs should begin by first developing influence diagrams with relatively simple structures that represent the system under management. Such basic models can then be elaborated to include more variables, the mathematical relations among them, and features that allow assessment of the utility of alternative management actions or strategies. Users of BBNs should be aware of several important limitations, including problems in representing feedback and time-dynamic functions. Nevertheless, when properly used, Bayesian networks can benefit most adaptive-management teams by promoting a shared understanding of the system being managed and encouraging the rigorous examination of alternative management policies.
The shell structure of atomic nuclei is associated with 'magic numbers' and originates in the nearly independent motion of neutrons and protons in a mean potential generated by all nucleons. During ...β(+)-decay, a proton transforms into a neutron in a previously not fully occupied orbital, emitting a positron-neutrino pair with either parallel or antiparallel spins, in a Gamow-Teller or Fermi transition, respectively. The transition probability, or strength, of a Gamow-Teller transition depends sensitively on the underlying shell structure and is usually distributed among many states in the neighbouring nucleus. Here we report measurements of the half-life and decay energy for the decay of (100)Sn, the heaviest doubly magic nucleus with equal numbers of protons and neutrons. In the β-decay of (100)Sn, a large fraction of the strength is observable because of the large decay energy. We determine the largest Gamow-Teller strength so far measured in allowed nuclear β-decay, establishing the 'superallowed' nature of this Gamow-Teller transition. The large strength and the low-energy states in the daughter nucleus, (100)In, are well reproduced by modern, large-scale shell model calculations.
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