Purpose
To find the best methods to achieve the highest pregnancy and birth rates for couples needing testicular sperm extraction (TESE)‐intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Methods
...Retrospectively studied were 801 patients with male factor infertility who had undergone TESE‐ICSI between April, 1996 and July, 2016 and who had been categorized into four groups: obstructive azoospermia (OA); non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA); Klinefelter syndrome (KS); and cryptozoospermia (Crypt). The sperm retrieval rate, hormone levels, fertilization rate (FR), pregnancy rate (PR), and birth rate (BR) after ICSI among three groups were compared: fresh testicular sperm (FS)‐fresh oocytes (FO) (Group I); frozen‐thawed testicular sperm‐FO (Group II); and FS‐vitrified‐warmed oocytes (Group III).
Results
The testicular sperm recovery rate was 57.8% (463/801): 89.6% in the Crypt, 97.1% in the OA, 28.9% in the NOA, and 42.2% in the KS groups. The follicle‐stimulating hormone levels were significantly higher in the NOA and KS groups and the testosterone levels were significantly lower in the KS group. The FR, PR, and BR were: 65.2%, 43.2%, and 28.5% in group I; 59.2%, 33.4%, and 18.7% in group II; and 56.4%, 33.8%, and 22.1% in group III.
Conclusion
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection with FS‐FO achieved the best PR and BR. It should be considered what to do in cases with no testicular sperm by TESE. The authors hope that ICSI with donor sperm will be allowed in Japan in the near future.
Purpose
Both relaxin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) are members of the insulin super family. This study aimed to investigate the effect of relaxin and IGF-I on the pre-implantation of Mongolian ...gerbil of blastocyst development in vitro.
Methods
Blastocysts and eight-cell stage embryos were collected from female gerbils. Eight-cell embryos and blastocysts were cultured in mM16 medium supplemented with or without relaxin or IGF-I for 24 h. Blastocysts were counted for total, inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cell numbers, and assessed apoptosis incidence. In addition, to measure incorporation of
3
H-methionine, blastocysts were cultured for 3 h with relaxin or IGF-I, washed with trichloroacetic acid and measured by liquid scintiration counter.
Results
Relaxin (200 ng/ml) increased total, TE and ICM cell numbers of blastocyst (
P
< 0.05) when it was compared with the control. IGF-I (150 ng/ml) also has influence on total and ICM cell numbers of blastocyst when compared with control. Apoptosis incidence was relatively low, and a significant difference was not observed between each group. The effect of relaxin on incorporation of
3
H-methionine was higher than the control group (
P
< 0.05). Relaxin increased the developmental rate from the eight-cell stage to blastocyst (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusions
In conclusion, relaxin and IGF-I stimulated protein synthesis and increased cell numbers of blastocysts, promoting development of the gerbil embryo in vitro culture.
There have been 60 births after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue: 58 using the slow freezing method, and two using the vitrification method. DMSO and EG are widely used as ...cryoprotectants. However DMSO is a known epimutagen, and EG has been reported to be toxic in high concentrations. In this study, we measured residual DMSO and EG in ovarian tissue after vitrification and slow freezing. Cryoprotectants remained at a high concentration in the vitrified/warmed ovarian tissue just before transplantation (DMSO: 9.8 mg/g, EG: 9.8 mg/g). We must consider the impact of the cryoprotectants on the mother and the baby.
Purpose
Differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into decidual cells occurs during embryo implantation and pregnancy. Recently, it has been reported that relaxin affects the decidualization of ...cultured human endometrial cells in vitro; however, there has been no study on the decidualization of the Mongolian gerbil (
Meriones unguiculatus
). The authors demonstrated artificially induced decidualization, and the effect of relaxin on decidualization in gerbils.
Methods
Ten-to-twelve-week-old female Mongolian gerbils were ovariectomized, treated with estradiol, progesterone, and relaxin, and the uterine horn was stimulated. On day 10, uterine horns were measured for weight, protein concentration, and the incorporation of
14
C-methionine; tissue sections were examined. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) primers were used for RT-PCR to confirm decidualization.
Results
Decidualization can be induced artificially in gerbils. In general, the histological observations of gerbil decidual cells were very similar to those of rats. The uterine horn weight, protein content, and protein synthesis from
14
C-methionine significantly increased in the relaxin-treated gerbils (
P
<
0.05). Mast cells in the relaxin-treated uterus had proliferated more than those of the non-relaxin-treated group, which was confirmed by IL-11 expression.
Conclusions
We conclude that decidualization can be induced artificially, and relaxin increased weight of uterine horn, protein concentration, protein synthesis and IL-11 expression in gerbils.
Abstract There have been 60 births after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue: 58 using the slow freezing method, and two using the vitrification method. DMSO and EG are widely used as ...cryoprotectants. However DMSO is a known epimutagen, and EG has been reported to be toxic in high concentrations. In this study, we measured residual DMSO and EG in ovarian tissue after vitrification and slow freezing. Cryoprotectants remained at a high concentration in the vitrified/warmed ovarian tissue just before transplantation (DMSO: 9.8mg/g, EG: 9.8mg/g). We must consider the impact of the cryoprotectants on the mother and the baby.
DMSO and EG have been used as cryoprotectants for human ovarian tissue cryopreservation, but residual cryoprotectants concentration and safety have rarely been reported.
We aimed to compare residual ...cryoprotectants (DMSO, EG) concentration in bovine ovarian tissue during warming steps between one kind of common slow freezing method and two kinds of vitrification methods, which are usually used for cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue in Japan.
In this study, we used five bovine ovaries with an average age of 24.2 months divided into three kinds of cryopreservation methods. All ovarian cortices cut to 1 mm thickness were cryopreserved in slow freezing and two kinds of vitrification methods. Residual cryoprotectants before, during and after warming of cryopreserved ovarian cortices were measured using GC-MS and compared.
Concentrations of residual cryoprotectants in the ovarian tissue just before transplantation into the body after warming were high after both vitrification methods but almost zero with the slow freezing method.
We are concerned about the residual cryoprotectants in ovarian tissue, and continue to study the safety of cryopreservation methods to the woman after reimplantation and her baby.
Ammonia concentration in porcine ovarian developing follicles Tareq, K.M.A.(Shinshu Univ., Minamiminowa, Nagano (Japan). Faculty of Agriculture); Obata, R; Miah, A.G
Journal of mammalian ova research,
10/2005, Letnik:
22, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
An experiment was conducted to investigate pH, osmolality, and the concentration of ammonia, total protein, glutamine and glutamic acid in follicular fluid at different developmental stages (2, 3-4 ...and 5-6 mm in diameter) and serum of porcine. The concentrations of ammonia and total protein content were determined with the catalyzed indophenols reaction and the Bradford assay method and read on a spectrophotometer set at 625 and 595 nm, respectively. Glutamine and glutamic acid concentrations were determined by HPLC. The pH value was lower (P0.05) but osmolality was higher (P0.05) in follicular fluid than in serum. The concentration of ammonia was lower (P0.05) in follicular fluid than in serum. On the other hand, glutamine and glutamic acid concentrations were higher (P0.05) in the follicular fluid than in serum. The pH increased and osmolality decreased with increasing follicle size, and protein content was almost similar in small, medium and large follicular fluid. Ammonia, glutamine and glutamic acid concentrations decreased (P0.001) as follicular size increased. During early follicular development ammonia and amino acids were synthesized for high metabolic breakdown of protein and gradually decreased due to metabolism of ammonia and glutamic acid to glutamate.
Background
Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) are known to cause urological complications, but urethrovaginal (UV) fistula as a complication of SCT is rare. We herein report a case of SCT with UV ...fistula and hydrocolpos.
Case presentation
A 1-day-old female neonate presented to our department with prominent swelling in the sacrococcygeal region. She was born at 37 gestational weeks via spontaneous vaginal delivery from a 39-year-old woman. The weight of the baby was 2965 g, and her Apgar scores were 4/10 (at 1 and 5 min). An MRI examination confirmed an 11 × 11 cm Altman classification typeII SCT associated with hydrocolpos, a dilated urinary bladder, and bilateral hydronephrosis. When she was 5 days, the SCT was excised totally and a coccygectomy was performed. After the operation, as her urinary output appeared unstable, a cystoscopic examination was performed on the third postoperative day. This revealed that the UV fistula was located approximately 1 cm from the urethral opening. In addition, the proximal urethra was unobstructed and connected to the bladder. The cystoscope allowed for the passage of a urinary catheter through the urethra. After 1 month of catheter placement, she was discharged from the hospital at 57 days of age. Follow-up was uneventful, with neither urinary infection nor retention.
Conclusions
SCTs are associated with not only trouble with rectal function and lower extremity movement but also urinary complications. The pathogenesis of this UV fistula is thought to be the rapid growth of the SCT that developed in the fetal period, resulting in obstruction of the urethra by the tumor and the pubic bone, which in turn caused urinary retention and the formation of a fistula as an escape route for the pressure. Because SCTs can cause a variety of complications depending on the course of the disease, careful examination and follow-up are necessary.
Background
Esophageal hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux have been recognized as inevitable complications after the definitive gastroschisis operation. Patients with refractory ...gastroesophageal reflux require anti-reflux surgery; however, the surgical adhesions may complicate subsequent surgical therapy, especially in the cases treated by staged repair.
Case presentation
A male infant who showed a severe gastroesophageal reflux due to hiatal hernia after staged abdominal fascial closure of gastroschisis. In spite of continuous conservative management, frequent vomiting and hematemesis had become progressively worse at the age of 8 months. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was attempted and completed with no adverse events.
Conclusions
Laparoscopic fundoplication may be applied, as a first-line approach, for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in this difficult group of patients, after the repair of congenital abdominal wall defect.
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