Sukweenadi J, Yunita O, Setiawan F, Kartini, Siagian MT, Danduru AP, Avanti C. 2020. Antioxidant Activity Screening of Seven Indonesian Herbal Extract. Biodiversitas 21: 2062-2067. Kumis kucing ...(Orthosiphon stamineus), pegagan (Centella asiatica), seledri (Apium graveolens), kunyit (Curcuma domestica), temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) are herbs that commonly used in the Indonesia folk medicine. The constituents that responsible for several important biological activities are phenolic and flavonoid compounds which also possess antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity of those seven Indonesian herbal extracts was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The extraction was done with the reflux method by using 80% ethanol as a solvent. The total phenol and total flavonoids from each herbal extract were measured using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity results by DPPH method on O. stamineus, C. asiatica, A. graveolens, C. domestica, C. xanthorrhiza, S. arvensis, and P. niruri showed IC50 value at 132; ND; 2221; 361; 538; 1118; and 102 ppm, respectively. Results from ABTS method, showed IC50 value at 22; 1199; 169; 100; 82; 143; and 20 ppm respectively. While results from the FRAP method showed that the ethanolic extract of P. niruri at a concentration of 20 ppm possesses the strongest antioxidant activity (17.41 ppm AEAC/ppm extract). The content of total phenolic compounds are 22.50; 0.67; 2.16; 11.40; 7.80; 7.22; and 2.62% GAE, while the total flavonoid compounds were 19.88; 6.67; 4.06; 71.02; 34.62; 3.78; and 8.34% QE, respectively. It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of P. niruri and O. stamineus obtain the highest antioxidant activity based on DPPH, ABTS and FRAP method.
DNA sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was exploited for its applications in the authentication of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. as raw-material ...herbal medicine and supplement. Leaf samples from 12 different geographic locations in Indonesia were collected. Twelve DNA sequences from the samples were analysed. The sequences were trimmed before sequence alignment. The sequences ranged from 626 to 664 bp in length after trimming. Based on the multiple sequence alignment, a phylogenetic tree was generated using the MrBayes program. It consisted of two groups: one group comprised sequences from Trawas and the other one comprised sequences from Batu, Trawas and Surabaya. These results strongly suggest that ITS sequence analysis is a valuable tool for distinguishing intraspecific differences among S. androgynus cultivars from Indonesia.
Yunita O, Fadhilah NA, Pramadiyanti S, Jonatan S. 2023. Molecular characterization of red ginger varieties (Zingiber officinale Roxb. var. rubrum) by DNA markers. Biodiversitas 24: 6905-6913. Red ...ginger (Zingiber officinale Roxb. var. rubrum) rhizomes have been traditionally used in Indonesia to increase human health. Therefore, the assurance of raw material quality holds significant importance in the industrial application of red ginger. The primary step in ensuring the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the final product in the industrial environment is the identification of plants used as raw materials for supplements and herbal medications. DNA-based molecular characterization approaches have been specifically developed to aid in the identification of herbal raw materials prior to their application in production processes. Based on the findings derived from the conducted research, the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique can be employed to amplify the DNA isolates of red ginger rhizome samples. The results obtained from the PCR-RAPD amplification of DNA samples extracted from red ginger plants indicated that 90.48% of the total 147 bands seen exhibited polymorphism. The findings suggest a tendency for DNA banding patterns derived from red ginger samples planted in the same geographic area to display clustering tendencies.
Sauropus androgynus is a well-known Indonesian medicinal herb that is used extensively to increase human breast-milk production. However, many studies have also revealed side effects associated with ...bronchiolitis obliterans in Taiwan and Japan. The present study evaluated the in vitro toxic effects of S. androgynus on human mesenchymal stem cell culture derived from bone marrow (hMSCs-BM). This is the first report of a cytotoxicity assay of S. androgynus extracts from Indonesia. After 72 hours of incubating cell cultures with varying concentrations of extracts (250–2500 mg L⁻¹), cytotoxicity was assayed by the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethyl- thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and reported in terms of cell viability. The apoptotic effects of the extract were determined by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) colorimetric assay. The S. androgynus methanol extract from East Java, Indonesia, was less cytotoxic to hMSCs-BM with an IC₅₀ of 2450 mg L⁻¹, but it could inhibit cell viability via the apoptosis pathway. A sample extract of plants collected near Purwosari had the lowest hMSCs-BM viability percentage (37%), while the extract from plants collected near Surabaya Pusat had a cell viability of 75%. Further studies are required to investigate the metabolites in S. androgynus that are highly correlated with its toxic effects.
The dark green leaves of Sauropus androgynus (Euphorbiaceae) have various nutritive values and are commonly used for human consumption as food, medicine, and natural dye substance in South-east Asia. ...Shoot cultures of this plant were established by adding various concentrations of kinetin (Kn) and benzyl adenine (BA) using nodal explants. The best results were recorded when Kn 0.1 mg/L was used with BA 1 mg/L (BA1Kn0.1). Spectrophotometric analysis showed two peaks of green pigment in shoot cultures, A pigment (λmax = 663.6 - 663.8 nm, absorbance 0.1111) and B pigment (λmax= 611.3 - 613.9 nm, absorbance 0.0390). Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis showed two green spots (Rf Y = 0.31 and Rf Z = 0.25) of shoot cultures on medium supplemented with BA1Kn0.1 for 10 days. Pigment profiles of shoot culltures were similar to their corresponding mother plants. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used as a preliminary technique to evaluate the genetic similarity of the shoot cultures and their corresponding mother plants. It showed four similar DNA banding patterns to their leaves, ranging from 271-765 bp.
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