Ethanol exerts damaging effects on gastric mucosa and delays ulcer healing. To investigate the effect of ethanol on the wound repairing process, we used a wound repair model using primary cultured ...gastric mucosal cells. A confluent monolayer gastric mucosal cell sheet consisting mainly of mucous cells was wounded to make a cell-free area of constant size. Cell-free area was restored with time after wounding and monitored every 12 hr using a computer image analyzer to observe epithelial cell restoration quantitatively in the presence and absence of ethanol (2.0%). It was found that, although the control wound was completely repaired in 36 to 48 hr, the group treated with 2.0% ethanol showed a significant delay of repair. In the control, 5-bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells appeared around the wound in 24 to 36 hr. In contrast, the group treated with 2.0% ethanol showed no 5-bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells during the experiment. In conclusion, 2.0% ethanol retarded the repair of gastric mucosal restoration by inhibiting the initial gastric cell migration, followed by inhibition of proliferation of cells.
A new time projection chamber (TPC) was developed for neutron lifetime measurement using a pulsed cold neutron spallation source at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). Managing ...considerable background events from natural sources and the beam radioactivity is a challenging aspect of this measurement. To overcome this problem, the developed TPC has unprecedented features such as the use of polyether-ether-ketone plates in the support structure and internal surfaces covered with \(^6\)Li-enriched tiles to absorb outlier neutrons. In this paper, the design and performance of the new TPC are reported in detail.
Phys. Rev. D 93, 011501 (2016) PHENIX measurements are presented for the cross section and double-helicity
asymmetry ($A_{LL}$) in inclusive $\pi^0$ production at midrapidity from
$p$$+$$p$ ...collisions at $\sqrt{s}=510$~GeV from data taken in 2012 and 2013 at
the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The next-to-leading-order
perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics theory calculation is in excellent
agreement with the presented cross section results. The calculation utilized
parton-to-pion fragmentation functions from the recent DSS14 global analysis,
which prefer a smaller gluon-to-pion fragmentation function. The
$\pi^{0}A_{LL}$ results follow an increasingly positive asymmetry trend with
$p_T$ and $\sqrt{s}$ with respect to the predictions and are in excellent
agreement with the latest global analysis results. This analysis incorporated
earlier results on $\pi^0$ and jet $A_{LL}$, and suggested a positive
contribution of gluon polarization to the spin of the proton $\Delta G$ for the
gluon momentum fraction range $x>0.05$. The data presented here extend to a
currently unexplored region, down to $x\sim0.01$, and thus provide additional
constraints on the value of $\Delta G$. The results confirm the evidence for
nonzero $\Delta G$ using a different production channel in a complementary
kinematic region.
Phys. Rev. C 94, 054910 (2016) Measurements of anisotropic flow Fourier coefficients ($v_n$) for inclusive
charged particles and identified hadrons $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, and
$\bar{p}$ produced ...at midrapidity in Cu+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$
GeV are presented. The data were collected in 2012 by the PHENIX experiment at
the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The particle azimuthal
distributions with respect to different order symmetry planes $\Psi_n$, for
$n$~=~1, 2, and 3 are studied as a function of transverse momentum $p_T$ over a
broad range of collisions centralities. Mass ordering, as expected from
hydrodynamic flow, is observed for all three harmonics. The charged-particle
results are compared to hydrodynamical and transport model calculations. We
also compare these Cu$+$Au results with those in Cu$+$Cu and Au$+$Au collisions
at the same $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$, and find that the $v_2$ and $v_3$, as a
function of transverse momentum, follow a common scaling with $1/(\varepsilon_n
N_{\rm part}^{1/3})$.
Phys. Rev. C 93, 024904 (2016) The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has
measured $\phi$ meson production and its nuclear modification in asymmetric
Cu$+$Au heavy-ion ...collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV at both forward
Cu-going direction ($1.2<y<2.2$) and backward Au-going direction
($-2.2<y<-1.2$), rapidities. The measurements are performed via the dimuon
decay channel and reported as a function of the number of participating
nucleons, rapidity, and transverse momentum. In the most central events,
0\%--20\% centrality, the $\phi$ meson yield integrated over $1<p_T<5$ GeV/$c$
prefers a smaller value, which means a larger nuclear modification, in the
Cu-going direction compared to the Au-going direction. Additionally, the
nuclear-modification factor in Cu$+$Au collisions averaged over all centrality
is measured to be similar to the previous PHENIX result in $d$$+$Au collisions
for these rapidities.
Phys. Rev. C 93, 034903 (2016) The invariant yields for $J/\psi$ production at forward rapidity
$(1.2<|y|<2.2)$ in U$+$U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$=193 GeV have been
measured as a function of ...collision centrality. The invariant yields and
nuclear-modification factor $R_{AA}$ are presented and compared with those from
Au$+$Au collisions in the same rapidity range. Additionally, the direct ratio
of the invariant yields from U$+$U and Au$+$Au collisions within the same
centrality class is presented, and used to investigate the role of $c\bar{c}$
coalescence. Two different parameterizations of the deformed Woods-Saxon
distribution were used in Glauber calculations to determine the values of the
number of nucleon-nucleon collisions in each centrality class, $N_{\rm coll}$,
and these were found to give significantly different $N_{\rm coll}$ values.
Results using $N_{\rm coll}$ values from both deformed Woods-Saxon
distributions are presented. The measured ratios show that the $J/\psi$
suppression, relative to binary collision scaling, is similar in U$+$U and
Au$+$Au for peripheral and midcentral collisions, but that $J/\psi$ show less
suppression for the most central U$+$U collisions. The results are consistent
with a picture in which, for central collisions, increase in the $J/\psi$ yield
due to $c\bar{c}$ coalescence becomes more important than the decrease in yield
due to increased energy density. For midcentral collisions, the conclusions
about the balance between $c\bar{c}$ coalescence and suppression depend on
which deformed Woods-Saxon distribution is used to determine $N_{\rm coll}$.
We reported a 58-year-old man with neurofibromatosis and an intrathoracic meningocele. He was admitted to our hospital because of left-sided chest pain and dyspnea on exertion. He presented with ...severe kyphoscoliosis and showed a round, well circumscribed mass lesion in the paravertebral region of the left upper lung on a chest roentgenogram. Just before admission, pleural effusion accumulated in the left thoracic cavity, which had caused the respiratory symptoms. The mass was diagnosed as an intrathoracic meningocele by MRI and iotrolan CT myelography. The pleural effusion was transudate fluid and no leakage from the meningocele to pleural cavity was demonstrated. Posterolateral extradural approach with laminectomy was done and dural plasty to close the connection between the meningocele and the subarachnoidal space was carried out. After the operation, both the intrathoracic meningocele and the pleural effusion disappeared with remarkable improvement in the respiratory function. Intrathoracic meningocele is known to be seen in association with neurofibromatosis and scoliosis, but it is very rare to see an intrathoracic meningocele which causes respiratory failure due to massive pleural effusion like this report.
In this document the PHENIX collaboration proposes a major upgrade to the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. This upgrade, sPHENIX, enables an extremely rich jet and beauty ...quarkonia physics program addressing fundamental questions about the nature of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP), discovered experimentally at RHIC to be a perfect fluid. The startling dynamics of the QGP on fluid-like length scales is an emergent property of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), seemingly implicit in the Lagrangian but stubbornly hidden from view. QCD is an asymptotically free theory, but how QCD manifests as a strongly coupled fluid with specific shear viscosity near \(T_C\), as low as allowed by the uncertainty principle, is as fundamental an issue as that of how confinement itself arises.
Production of \(\pi^0\) and \(\eta\) mesons has been measured at midrapidity in Cu\(+\)Au collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}\)=200 GeV. Measurements were performed in ...\(\pi^0(\eta)\rightarrow\gamma\gamma\) decay channel in the 1(2)-20 GeV/\(c\) transverse momentum range. A strong suppression is observed for \(\pi^0\) and \(\eta\) meson production at high transverse momentum in central Cu\(+\)Au collisions relative to the $p$$+$$p\( results scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. In central collisions the suppression is similar to Au\)+\(Au with comparable nuclear overlap. The \)\eta/\pi^0\( ratio measured as a function of transverse momentum is consistent with \)m_T\(-scaling parameterization down to \)p_T=\(2 GeV/\)c\(, its asymptotic value is constant and consistent with Au\)+\(Au and \)p$$+$$p\( and does not show any significant dependence on collision centrality. Similar results were obtained in hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions as well as in \)e^+e^-\( collisions in a range of collision energies \)\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=\(3--1800 GeV. This suggests that the quark-gluon-plasma medium produced in Cu\)+\(Cu collisions either does not affect the jet fragmentation into light mesons or it affects the \)\pi^0\( and \)\eta$ the same way.
