The present study will focus on the analysis of pulp stones and dental wear of an adult (26–30 years old) individual from Woźna Wieś, dated from the Mesolithic period (5900 ± 100 BC). The dental ...material included 14 permanent teeth. Cone beam computed tomography was used in the identification of pulp stones. Pulp stones were classified by location and volume. The scores for mechanical dental wear were based on the scales proposed by Smith and Scott.
The anterior teeth showed an advanced stage of mechanical dental wear. The first molars exhibit higher wear scores than the second and third molars. The pulp stones were diagnosed in 10 teeth (10/14, 71%). Generally, these calcified structures were found in the pulp chamber (10/14, 71%). The relationship between the stages of dental wear and the presence of pulp stones turned out to be statistically significant (p = .012). The correlation coefficients between tooth wear and pulp stones in the pulp chambers and root canals were .434 and .327, respectively. The pulp stones occur most frequently on the teeth with advanced dental wear. However, we also cannot rule out the dietary factor. It can be supposed that this individual's diet did not lack products with high calcium content.
Premature loss of primary teeth can occur as a consequence of dental trauma, neonatal tooth extraction, early childhood caries, or periodontal problems, or it can be a manifestation of systemic ...disease. This review aims to present systemic disorders that can lead to premature loss of deciduous teeth in children and to provide a comprehensive resource for clinical practice for both physicians and dentists.
This study is a narrative review of original studies and case reports published in English and Polish between 1957 and 2021 that was conducted by searching electronic scientific resources: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The schema of the qualification process is represented by a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). In total, 196 articles were identified; after provisional assessment of the titles and abstracts by two reviewers, 46 were found to be relevant to the topic, including 1 review, 16 original papers, and 27 case reports regarding systemic disease resulting in premature tooth loss.
In this study, 16 systemic diseases were linked to premature primary tooth loss in children: Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, mucocutaneous dyskeratosis, Coffin-Lowry syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, cherubism, hypophosphatasia, acatalasia, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, cyclic neutropenia, erythromelalgia, Down syndrome, Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, short bowel syndrome, leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1), and Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS).
Aim
Apart from various typical gastrointestinal symptoms, coeliac disease may have its clinical manifestations in the oral cavity which is the entrance of the gastrointestinal tract.
Methods
A ...systematic review of literature was performed using the following databases: Medline, Scopus, EBSCOhost and Cochrane Library for Systematic Review. Inclusion criteria: observational or experimental original studies published in English with full text available between January 2000 and December 2022, regarding children and adolescents under the age of 20. Risk of bias was determined with the use of Risk Of Bias In Non‐randomised Studies of Exposure.
Results
Thirty‐four studies were included in the review. The analysis confirmed a higher prevalence of numerous oral manifestations in coeliac disease concerning both hard and soft tissues. Our study found the prevalence of dental enamel defects to be at the level of 17.9%–83.5% (
P
value <0.047) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis of 8.3%–69% (
P
value <0.039).
Conclusion
Oral manifestations may precede gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients presenting such manifestations should be screened for coeliac disease. The cooperation of gastroenterologists and dentists could lead to an increased detectability of coeliac disease.
Background
Comparative optimism, the belief that negative events are more likely to happen to others rather than to oneself, is well established in health risk research. It is unknown, however, ...whether comparative optimism also permeates people’s health expectations and potentially behaviour during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Objectives
Data were collected through an international survey (N = 6485) exploring people’s thoughts and psychosocial behaviours relating to COVID‐19. This paper reports UK data on comparative optimism. In particular, we examine the belief that negative events surrounding risk and recovery from COVID‐19 are perceived as more likely to happen to others rather than to oneself.
Methods
Using online snowball sampling through social media, anonymous UK survey data were collected from N = 645 adults during weeks 5‐8 of the UK COVID‐19 lockdown. The sample was normally distributed in terms of age and reflected the UK ethnic and disability profile.
Findings
Respondents demonstrated comparative optimism where they believed that as compared to others of the same age and gender, they were unlikely to experience a range of controllable (eg accidentally infect/ be infected) and uncontrollable (eg need hospitalization/ intensive care treatment if infected) COVID‐19‐related risks in the short term (P < .001). They were comparatively pessimistic (ie thinking they were more at risk than others for developing COVID‐19‐related infection or symptoms) when thinking about the next year.
Discussion
This is one of the first ever studies to report compelling comparative biases in UK adults’ thinking about COVID‐19.
Objective
The study aimed to assess the association between parental-reported vitamin D supplementation and caries in a national sample of 3-year-olds in Poland.
Materials and methods
A total of 1900 ...children, representing all provinces of Poland, were invited. The questionnaires concerned vitamin D supplementation, socio-demographics, and oral health behaviours. Based on dental examination, caries scores (dmft/dmfs), prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and severe ECC (S-ECC) were calculated. The Spearman’s correlation, linear regression and logistic regression were used to assess the association between various factors and caries (
p
< 0.05).
Results
A total of 1638 children were tested. Of this number, 99.1% infants were supplemented with vitamin D. Supplementation had been continued seasonally in 55.2% children. ECC/S-ECC prevalence were significantly lower in children receiving vitamin D (ECC 38.3% vs. 44.7%, OR = 0.77; S-ECC 20.5% vs. 27.1%, OR = 0.69;
p
< 0.05). Mean dmft/dmfs were lower in those with supplementation (1.54 ± 2.72 vs. 2.24 ± 3.55; 2.40 ± 5.56 vs. 3.72 ± 7.56, respectively;
p
< 0.001). After controlling for confounding factors, supplementation was not significantly associated with caries; only dt/ds were still associated. Maternal education, sweetened beverages before bedtime, bottle use were significantly associated with S-ECC.
Conclusions
Lower caries prevalence was observed in those with vitamin D supplementation. The association between parental-reported vitamin D and ECC/S-ECC was not significant in Polish children. Decayed teeth and supplementation were still associated. Dietary habits can modify the association with caries.
Clinical relevance
There may be an association between vitamin D supplementation and lower caries in children. Parents should supplement their children during periods of significant growth and development.
This study aims to assess changes in the diet of individuals from Radom (Poland) by applying odontological and physicochemical methods. We evaluated the intensity of dental caries and quality of diet ...through isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N). Three consecutive time periods were selected: the early Medieval (EMP, 11th to 12th c.), late Medieval/early Modern (LMP, 14th to 17th c.) and Modern (MP, 18th to19th c.) periods. The dental remains of 247 adult individuals comprising a total of 3,850 permanent teeth were analysed. The intensity of dental caries increased in subsequent historical periods (EMP 38%, LMP 47% and MP 47%). The lowest proportion of terrestrial C3 diet was noted in the oldest EMP population. The LMP and MP were similar in terms of the type of diet. The proportion of the terrestrial C3 component of the diet was 82% and 79% for LMP and MP, respectively. It can be supposed that the EMP population had such a varied diet that cariogenic products (e.g., cereals) were not the basic source of food, thus slowing down the development of dental caries. Later, there was a clear increase in the cariogenic factor(s) between the EMP and LMP, and this may have been related to the intensification of agricultural production.
Aim
This study assessed correlations between systemic disturbances of paediatric chronic liver diseases (CLD) and oral symptoms in subjects aged 2–18 years.
Methods
It was carried out during ...outpatient appointments at the Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland, from 2010 to 2015 and comprised 52 CLD patients with a mean age of 12.3 ± 4.6. We also recruited 54 generally healthy controls with a mean age of 12.0 ± 3.7 from the Department of Paediatric Dentistry at the Medical University of Warsaw. The study used various measures, including the Child–Pugh score, which assesses CLD prognosis. We also assessed the causes of liver disease and the medication taken by the patients with CLD.
Results
A total of 24 patients received a Child–Pugh score of seven or more points, while 28 patients were awarded five or six points. More severe cases of gingivitis and a greater prevalence of oral lesions were evident in patients suffering from liver disease. Oral candidiasis, telangiectasia, bald tongue, cracked strawberry lip, yellowish‐brown gum discoloration, petechiae and gingival bleeding all correlated with the severity of liver dysfunction, coagulopathy, protein, bilirubin and creatinine levels and portal hypertension.
Conclusion
This study found that oral lesions and gingival bleeding may indicate the progression of liver failure.
This systematic review presents the oral manifestations of paediatric Crohn's disease. Our review of 28 papers published from 2000 to 2015 showed that the prevalence of oral manifestations was ...10–80%. Specific symptoms included mucosal tags, swelling of the lips, cheeks and gingiva, and cobblestoning mucosa. Nonspecific symptoms included aphthous‐like ulcers, angular cheilitis, lip fissuring and gingivitis.
Conclusion
The oral manifestations of Crohn's disease might precede intestinal inflammation or coincide with it. Crohn's disease should be considered in children with multiple oral manifestations and paediatric dentists, and gastroenterologists should be involved in their coordinated evaluation and follow‐up.
Studies of dental caries on the deciduous dentition can be a source of information about changes in diet, which can be correlated with the time of eruption of the deciduous and permanent teeth. In ...this respect, the moment of transition from the maternal diet (mother's milk) to solid food is particularly interesting. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the diet of children who inhabited Radom, Poland, in the late Medieval/early Modern (LMP, 14th–17th c.) and Modern (MP, 18th–19th c.) periods by applying odontological and physicochemical methods. We analyzed the dental remains of 104 nonadult individuals (1.0–2.5 years, 3.0–5.5 years, and 6.0–8.0 years), with a total of 1044 deciduous and 108 permanent teeth. The concentration of stable δ15N isotopes in collagen isolated from the femur bones was assessed in 63 individuals (27 children, 36 adults). The diagnosis of dental caries was carried out through visual, radiographic, and fluorescent techniques. Dental caries were recorded in 30% (68/224) of the deciduous teeth in the LMP and 39% (321/820) of the deciduous teeth in the MP. Dental caries were found more often in the two earliest age groups of children in the MP than in the LMP. Early childhood caries (ECC) were diagnosed in 18% of the deciduous dentition of children from the MP. Isotopic analyses showed that the start of weaning occurred in the MP group almost 4 months earlier than in the LMP group (1.1 years in LMP vs. 0.7 years in MP). The final weaning of children from maternal milk in the LMP group took place at 2.5 years of age, whereas in the MP group it took place at 3.2 years of age. The study shows that the period of feeding children exclusively with the mother's milk in the MP was shorter. This means a faster introduction of solid food products to the diet. This could explain the increase in dental caries in primary teeth.
Background
To assess the relationship of chosen salivary proteins and peptides levels with the occurrence of caries in children.
Methods
PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 2000 to 2018 were ...researched for original observational studies published in English. The risk of bias and quality of the included papers were assessed regarding the guidelines by Fowkes and Fulton.
Results
Twenty‐two studies were included in the review, from which the issue of glycoproteins (including immunoglobulins), AMPs and salivary enzymes was discussed. The research involved primary dentition (13 papers), as well as mixed (7) and permanent dentition (5). Caries assessment included visual inspection, dmft/s and DMFT/S indexed; quantity of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. bacteria; and caries risk assessment.
Discussion
The results of studies regarding the connection between salivary peptides and proteins and caries development in children are promising; however, further investigations should be undertaken. The majority of studies included are case–control and cross‐sectional; however, it is necessary to conduct more cohort studies with adequate follow‐up prior to considering this as markers for caries risk assessment.
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