RESUMO A dismenorreia primária é um distúrbio ginecológico caracterizado por dores cíclicas na lombar e abdômen inferior, com alta prevalência entre jovens, contribuindo para o absenteísmo. O ...presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da eletroterapia de baixa e média frequência em 30 participantes do sexo feminino, entre 18-26 anos, com queixa de dismenorreia primária. As participantes foram divididas em grupos que receberam: corrente TENS (frequência de 100 Hz e duração de pulso de 100 µs), corrente aussie (portadora de 4Khz modulada em 100 Hz com bursts de 4ms) e placebo (colocação dos eletrodos com o aparelho desligado). Todos os grupos eletroestimulados foram tratados com corrente no limiar sensorial e ajuste da intensidade a cada cinco minutos, sendo o tempo total de 30 minutos. Para a avaliação foi coletado a dor durante o ciclo menstrual (EVA), influência da dor nas atividades de vida diária e qualidade do sono (escalas visuais análogas do sono). Após análise estatística, conclui-se que houve redução significativa do quadro álgico em todos os grupos, sendo a corrente superior ao placebo. Em relação às AVD, todos os grupos apresentaram diferença significativa, e o grupo corrente aussie foi o único que obteve melhora nos três dias avaliados, mantendo o efeito analgésico tardio maior em comparação aos demais. A qualidade de sono pouco se alterou após os tratamentos propostos, necessitando de estudos futuros para fundamentar essa variável.
RESUMEN La dismenorrea primaria es un trastorno ginecológico caracterizado por dolores cíclicos en la zona lumbar y bajo abdomen, con alta prevalencia entre los jóvenes, lo que contribuye al absentismo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los efectos de la electroterapia de baja y media frecuencia en 30 participantes femeninas, de 18 a 26 años, con queja de la dismenorrea primaria. Las participantes se dividieron en grupos que recibieron: corriente TENS (frecuencia de 100 Hz y duración del pulso de 100μs), corriente aussie (4Khz modulada a 100 Hz con disparos de 4 ms) y placebo (colocación de electrodos con el dispositivo apagado). Todos los grupos fueron tratados con corriente en el umbral sensorial y ajuste de intensidad cada cinco minutos, con un tiempo total de 30 minutos. El dolor durante el ciclo menstrual (Escala Visual Analógica), la influencia del dolor en las actividades de la vida diaria y la calidad del sueño (escalas visuales análogas del sueño) fueron recogidos para la evaluación. Después del análisis estadístico, se puede concluir que hubo una reducción significativa del dolor en todos los grupos que recibieron intervención, siendo la corriente más alta que el placebo. En cuanto a la influencia del dolor en las actividades de la vida diaria, todos los grupos mostraron una diferencia significativa, pero el grupo aussie fue el único que mejoró en los tres días evaluados. La calidad del sueño cambió poco después de los tratamientos propuestos, requiriendo más estudios para apoyar esta variable.
ABSTRACT Primary dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder characterized by a cyclic pain in the lower back and abdomen, with a high prevalence among young women, which contributes to absenteeism. This study aimed to assess the effects of low and medium frequency electrotherapy in 30 women, aged from 18 to 26 years, who suffer from primary dysmenorrhea. Participants were divided into groups that received the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation current (frequency of 100Hz and 100μs pulses), Aussie current (4kHz carrier frequency, modulated at 100Hz, and 4ms bursts), and placebo (electrodes placed with the machine turned off). All treated groups received electrical current at the sensory threshold and its intensity was adjusted every five minutes. The treatment lasted 30 minutes. For the evaluation, pain during the menstrual cycle (via VAS), pain interference in activities of daily living (ADL), and sleep quality (via VAS sleep quality) were collected. After statistical analysis, pain reduced significantly in all groups evaluated, with better outcomes for the currents than for the placebo. Although all groups showed significant difference regarding ADL, the Aussie group was the only one that improved pain in all days evaluated. Sleep quality changed little after treatment, thus, further studies are required to assess this variable.
Sleep disorders have a negative impact on health, being associated with neurocognitive problems, cardiovascular diseases and obesity, influencing children's development and learning.
To assess the ...sleep pattern of people with Down syndrome (DS) and correlate changes with functionality and behavior.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the sleep pattern in adults with DS > 18 years old. Twenty-two participants were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Functional Independence Measure and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the 11 who presented indications of disorders by the screening questionnaires were referred to polysomnography. Statistical tests were performed using a significance level of 5%, including sample normality tests and correlation tests (sleep and functionality).
Impairment in sleep architecture was found due to an increase in the rate of awakenings in 100% of the participants, a decrease in the number of slow waves, and a high prevalence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), with higher averages in the Apnea and Hypopnea Index (AHI) in the group. There was a negative correlation between sleep quality and global functionality (
= 0.011) and the motor (
= 0.074), cognitive (
= 0.010), and personal care (
= 0.072) dimensions in the group. Global and hyperactivity behavior changes were related to worse sleep quality (
= 0.072;
= 0.015, respectively).
There is an impairment in the sleep quality of adults with DS, with an increase in the rate of awakenings, a decrease in the number of slow waves, and a high prevalence of SDB affecting this population in the functional and behavioral aspects.
To describe the occurrence of delirium in cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit according to clinical and demographic characteristics.
A retrospective study was conducted with 135 ...adults admitted to the intensive care unit of a public cancer hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between January and March 2016. Fisher's exact test and the linear association test were used to identify statistically significant associations between the occurrence of delirium and categorical and ordinal variables, respectively, considering a p-value < 0.05.
The overall occurrence of delirium was 39.3%. Delirium was more frequent among individuals aged 60 years or older and those who required extensive assistance or were bedbound, were admitted to the intensive care unit for clinical reasons, were using sedative drugs, were undergoing chemotherapy, and those who remained 8 or more days in the intensive care unit. Considering only patients on mechanical ventilation, the overall occurrence of delirium was 64.6%, and only a length of stay in the intensive care unit ≥ 8 days showed a statistically significant association with delirium.
The occurrence of delirium in critically ill cancer patients is high. When only those on mechanical ventilation are considered, the occurrence of delirium is even greater.
ABSTRACT Primary dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder characterized by a cyclic pain in the lower back and abdomen, with a high prevalence among young women, which contributes to absenteeism. ...This study aimed to assess the effects of low and medium frequency electrotherapy in 30 women, aged from 18 to 26 years, who suffer from primary dysmenorrhea. Participants were divided into groups that received the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation current (frequency of 100Hz and 100μs pulses), Aussie current (4kHz carrier frequency, modulated at 100Hz, and 4ms bursts), and placebo (electrodes placed with the machine turned off). All treated groups received electrical current at the sensory threshold and its intensity was adjusted every five minutes. The treatment lasted 30 minutes. For the evaluation, pain during the menstrual cycle (via VAS), pain interference in activities of daily living (ADL), and sleep quality (via VAS sleep quality) were collected. After statistical analysis, pain reduced significantly in all groups evaluated, with better outcomes for the currents than for the placebo. Although all groups showed significant difference regarding ADL, the Aussie group was the only one that improved pain in all days evaluated. Sleep quality changed little after treatment, thus, further studies are required to assess this variable.
RESUMEN La dismenorrea primaria es un trastorno ginecológico caracterizado por dolores cíclicos en la zona lumbar y bajo abdomen, con alta prevalencia entre los jóvenes, lo que contribuye al absentismo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los efectos de la electroterapia de baja y media frecuencia en 30 participantes femeninas, de 18 a 26 años, con queja de la dismenorrea primaria. Las participantes se dividieron en grupos que recibieron: corriente TENS (frecuencia de 100 Hz y duración del pulso de 100μs), corriente aussie (4Khz modulada a 100 Hz con disparos de 4 ms) y placebo (colocación de electrodos con el dispositivo apagado). Todos los grupos fueron tratados con corriente en el umbral sensorial y ajuste de intensidad cada cinco minutos, con un tiempo total de 30 minutos. El dolor durante el ciclo menstrual (Escala Visual Analógica), la influencia del dolor en las actividades de la vida diaria y la calidad del sueño (escalas visuales análogas del sueño) fueron recogidos para la evaluación. Después del análisis estadístico, se puede concluir que hubo una reducción significativa del dolor en todos los grupos que recibieron intervención, siendo la corriente más alta que el placebo. En cuanto a la influencia del dolor en las actividades de la vida diaria, todos los grupos mostraron una diferencia significativa, pero el grupo aussie fue el único que mejoró en los tres días evaluados. La calidad del sueño cambió poco después de los tratamientos propuestos, requiriendo más estudios para apoyar esta variable.
RESUMO A dismenorreia primária é um distúrbio ginecológico caracterizado por dores cíclicas na lombar e abdômen inferior, com alta prevalência entre jovens, contribuindo para o absenteísmo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da eletroterapia de baixa e média frequência em 30 participantes do sexo feminino, entre 18-26 anos, com queixa de dismenorreia primária. As participantes foram divididas em grupos que receberam: corrente TENS (frequência de 100 Hz e duração de pulso de 100 µs), corrente aussie (portadora de 4Khz modulada em 100 Hz com bursts de 4ms) e placebo (colocação dos eletrodos com o aparelho desligado). Todos os grupos eletroestimulados foram tratados com corrente no limiar sensorial e ajuste da intensidade a cada cinco minutos, sendo o tempo total de 30 minutos. Para a avaliação foi coletado a dor durante o ciclo menstrual (EVA), influência da dor nas atividades de vida diária e qualidade do sono (escalas visuais análogas do sono). Após análise estatística, conclui-se que houve redução significativa do quadro álgico em todos os grupos, sendo a corrente superior ao placebo. Em relação às AVD, todos os grupos apresentaram diferença significativa, e o grupo corrente aussie foi o único que obteve melhora nos três dias avaliados, mantendo o efeito analgésico tardio maior em comparação aos demais. A qualidade de sono pouco se alterou após os tratamentos propostos, necessitando de estudos futuros para fundamentar essa variável.
Hunters of Joy Extension Project: An Experience Report Franco, Amanda Lima; Júnior, Adalberto Bandeira Pinheiro; Pinheiro, Alicia ...
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science,
2024, Letnik:
11, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Introduction: Demonstrate in a descriptive way an experience report in participating in the Caçadores da Alegria project from the point of view of a monitor, analyzing how it supported his academic ...training in a medical course, the contribution to the population served, as well as the performance of clown therapy, humanizing the doctor-patient relationship. Methodology: the procedure in writing the experience report had an observational descriptive process. Longitudinal data were collected orally from the 20 students approved in the selection process, describing their activities and quantifying the actions carried out through attendance and acceptance documents from the educational institution and hospital. Results: there were only positive points with the project, the contributions to building a realistic view of hospitalized patients, especially children, seeking to treat the person and not the disease. The contributions of the activities showed results such as learning humanized care for students, introducing clown therapy to hospitalized patients and experiencing the practice of theoretical activities. Building a smile as an escape from an environment full of sadness. However, the negative points of the research were the difficulties in finding hospitals that accepted the project, bureaucratic documentation required, acceptance time and slow processes in terms of document accuracy. Conclusion: regarding the objectives of the work, it demonstrates the need to apply extension activities in graduation, as a social role considering the demands of the population. The proposal of clown therapy is extremely important to escape problems as well as for students to appear more human.
Adenine nucleotides are important signaling molecules that mediate biological functions in many conditions, including cancer. The enzymes CD39 and CD73 produce adenosine in the extracellular milieu ...that has a very important role in tumor development. This study aimed to evaluate nucleotide hydrolysis in the plasma blood of breast cancer elderly patients. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the ectonucleotidases activity in breast cancer elderly patients, at the moment of diagnosis and after treatment. Control group consisted of elderly women without cancer diagnostic. The nucleotide hydrolysis assay was performed by the malachite green method and used ATP, ADP, or AMP as substrates. Paired t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used. Our data showed that breast cancer patients presented high levels of ATP and AMP hydrolyses when compared to control group at the moment of diagnosis. When analyzing the differences between the samples at the time of diagnostic and 6 months after treatment, we observed a significant reduction on CD73 activity after all treatments used: surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormone therapy. The results with APCP, a specific CD73 inhibitor, showed that the AMP hydrolysis was inhibited in all conditions evaluated. We observed a diminished ADPase activity in the patients without metastasis when compared to metastatic breast cancer patients. The results showed that AMP hydrolysis was reduced in the blood plasma of breast cancer elderly patients after different treatments. This study strengthens the potential role of CD73 enzyme as a biomarker for breast cancer treatment response.
BACKGROUND
Men who have sex with men in Brazil are deferred from donation for 1 year since their last sexual contact. Legal proceedings in front of the Brazilian Supreme Court could compel blood ...collection agencies to discontinue use of sexual orientation questions.
METHODS
Data from male participants in a completed HIV risk factor case‐control study were used to evaluate whether it is possible to differentiate donors at lower and higher risk for HIV using two analytical approaches: latent class and random forest analyses.
RESULTS
Male blood donors were divided into three distinct risk profile classes. Class 1 includes donors who are heterosexual (96.4%), are HIV negative (88.7%), have a main partner (99.4%), and practice unprotected sex (77.8%). Class 2 includes donors who are men who have sex with men /bisexuals' (100.0%), are HIV positive (97.4%), and were not aware of their sexual partners' HIV status (80.3%). Class 3 includes donors who are heterosexual (84.1%), practice unprotected vaginal/anal heterosexual sex (66.8% vs. 40.9%), and were both HIV positive and HIV negative (49.5% vs. 50.5%). We also found that asking donors about their partner(s)’ HIV serostatus could replace asking about donors’ sexual orientation and types of partners with relatively minor shifts in sensitivity (0.76 vs. 0.58), specificity (0.89 vs. 0.94), and positive predictive value (0.85 vs. 0.88).
CONCLUSION
Sexual orientation questions on the donor questionnaire could be replaced without great loss in the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. Social and sexual behaviors of donors and their partners are proxies for HIV risk and can help to develop modified questions that will need controlled trials to be validated.
The purpose of this paper is to raise important issues in engineering education in the face of contemporary challenges and demands through the voices of different stakeholders in engineering ...curricula and in the practice of professional engineering. Several challenges and future perspectives are based on important skills, like soft skills, which are required by employers and include communication, decision-making, problem-solving, leadership and emotional intelligence, as well as the ability to work with people of different backgrounds and apply technical knowledge. A qualitative data analysis of interviews with students, alumni, teachers and employers revealed the demand for more balanced qualified curricula for higher education institutions in the field of engineering. This includes the promotion of collaborative learning spaces, authentic learning experiences based on engaging students in real situations, project-based learning, industrial visits, guest lectures and problem-solving methodologies that are perceived by these stakeholders as essential in the construction of a curriculum, in line with the specific technical competences of each area.
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