We present a comprehensive review of the advent and impact of continuous flow chemistry with regard to the synthesis of natural products and drugs, important pharmaceutical products and definitely ...responsible for a revolution in modern healthcare. We detail the beginnings of modern drugs and the large scale batch mode of production, both chemical and microbiological. The introduction of modern continuous flow chemistry is then presented, both as a technological tool for enabling organic chemistry, and as a fundamental research endeavor. This part details the syntheses of bioactive natural products and commercial drugs.
Sustainability in chemistry heavily relies on heterogeneous catalysis. Enzymes, the main catalyst for biochemical reactions in nature, are an elegant choice to catalyze reactions due to their high ...activity and selectivity, although they usually suffer from lack of robustness. To overcome this drawback, enzyme‐decorated nanoporous heterogeneous catalysts were developed. Three different approaches for Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL‐B) immobilization on a covalent organic framework (PPF‐2) were employed: physical adsorption on the surface, covalent attachment of the enzyme in functional groups on the surface and covalent attachment into a linker added post‐synthesis. The influence of the immobilization strategy on the enzyme uptake, specific activity, thermal stability, and the possibility of its use through multiple cycles was explored. High specific activities were observed for PPF‐2‐supported CAL‐B in the esterification of oleic acid with ethanol, ranging from 58 to 283 U mg−1, which was 2.6 to 12.7 times greater than the observed for the commercial Novozyme 435.
Enzymes on COF surfaces: Enzyme‐decorated nanoporous heterogeneous catalysts were developed. Three different approaches for Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL‐B) immobilization on the surface of a covalent organic framework (PPF‐2) were employed. The influence of the immobilization strategy on the enzyme uptake, specific activity, thermal stability, and the possibility of its use through multiple cycles was explored.
Muscle damage is one of the most important factors that affect muscle fatigue during endurance exercise. Recent evidence suggests that the renin–angiotensin system impacts on skeletal muscle wasting. ...The aim of this study was to determine association between the
AGT
Met235Thr,
ACE
I/D and
BDKRB2
−9/+9 polymorphisms with inflammation, myocardial and muscle injury induced by endurance exercise. Eighty-one Brazilian male runners participated in this study and completed the International Marathon of Sao Paulo. Muscle and myocardial damage markers (alanine transaminase, ALT, aspartate transaminase, AST, lactic dehydrogenase, LDH, creatine kinase, CK, Troponin, pro BNP, myoglobin, and CK-MB) and inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL12p70, IL1β, and TNF-α) were determined one day before, immediately after, one day after, and three days after the event. Muscle damage was also determined fifteen days after race and angiotensinogen (
AGT
) Met235Thr, angiotensin-converting enzyme (
ACE
) I/D, and Bradykinin B2 receptor (
BDKRB2
) −9/+9 polymorphisms were determined. Marathon race participation induced an increase in all muscle damage and inflammatory markers evaluated (p < 0.0001). The muscle damage markers, troponin and pro BNP, CK and LDH and inflammatory markers, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and IL-10 were also higher in
ACE
II genotype immediately after race, compared to DD genotype. The percentage of runners higher responders (>500U/I) to CK levels was higher for II genotypes (69%) compared to DD and ID genotypes (38% and 40%, respectively) immediately after. Troponin, pro BNP and IL-1β, IL-8 levels were also elevated in
AGT
MM genotype compared to TT genotype athletes after and/or one day after race.
BDKRB2
−9/−9 had pronounced response to LDH, CK, CK-MB and ALT and AST activities, myoglobin, troponin, IL-6, IL-8 levels immediately, one day and/or three days after race. The percentage of runners higher responders (>500U/I) to CK levels was greater for −9−9 and −9+9 genotypes (46 and 48%, respectively) compared to +9+9 genotypes (31%) immediately after.
ACE
II,
AGT
MM, and
BDKRB2
−9−9 genotypes may increase the susceptibility to inflammation, muscle injury after endurance exercise and could be used to predict the development of clinical conditions associated with muscle damage and myocardial injury.
Aims
This study aims to demonstrate the potential of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Pediococcus pentosaceus LBM18 against the mycotoxin‐producing Alternaria alternata TEF‐1A and highlight its ...application as an effective grain silage inoculant to control mycotoxin contamination.
Methods and Results
The antifungal properties of Ped. pentosaceus lyophilized (PPL) were assessed by evaluating its effect on A. alternata TEF‐1A grown in a corn silage‐based medium, which included morphological changes by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations, growth rate, conidia production assays, and inhibition of Tenuazonic acid (TeA) production by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC–MS/MS) analyses. Furthermore, TeA biosynthesis was monitored for changes at the molecular level by PKS gene expression. The growth and sporulation processes of A. alternata TEF‐1A were affected by Ped. pentosaceus LBM18 in a concentration‐dependent manner. Moreover, a significant inhibition of TeA production (74.3%) and the transcription level of the PKS gene (42.9%) was observed.
Conclusions
Ped. pentosaceus is one of the promising LAB to be applied as an inoculant for corn silage preservation, aiming to inhibit mycotoxigenic fungi growth and their mycotoxin production.
Significance and impact of the study
Ped. pentosaceus could be used as an inoculant to reduce fungal and mycotoxins contamination in grain silage production.
Investir em avaliação de políticas educacionais tem sido uma constante nos governos cearenses dos últimos 20 anos. O intuito é aprimorar práticas metodológicas, gestão escolar e ampliar o desempenho ...no Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará (SPAECE). Afinal, a avaliação pode contribuir para melhorias no processo de tomada de decisão dos gestores e, assim, qualificar o serviço público. O presente artigo se dedica a investigar o “Prêmio Escola Nota Dez” como metodologia de avaliação educacional e busca avaliar o seu efeito nas práticas de gestão escolar e melhoria dos indicadores, tendo como locus duas escolas municipais do Ceará, uma de Sobral e outra de Aquiraz. Estruturado sob o modelo metodológico quadripolar, o referencial teórico apoia-se nos conceitos de Max Weber para burocracia, meritocracia e eficiência na administração pública, fazendo uma relação com o pensamento de Ralph Tyler sobre avaliação por objetivos. Os resultados apontam que o Prêmio Escola Nota Dez favorece o desenvolvimento de ações de cooperação técnico-pedagógicas entre as escolas premiada e apoiada, e contribui para a melhoria do processo de gestão educacional e do desempenho dos estudantes.
Biological ammonium removal via heterotrophic nitrification/aerobic denitrification (HN/AD) was characterized for two isolates from a wastewater treatment station (WWTS). They were identified as ...Pseudomonas balearica UFV3 and Gordonia amicalis UFV4. Their ability to remove ammonium via NH/DA was validated by chromatography, and the influence of different physical-chemical factors on removal was evaluated. The presence of genes involved in conventional nitrification and denitrification processes was investigated via PCR and comparative genomics. Both isolates removed 100% of the ammonium in a medium containing citrate as its carbon source with a C/N ratio of 8, 3% salt, pH 7 and 30 °C. Nitrogen balance showed that approximately 55% of the ammonium removed was lost as N2(g), and 45% was assimilated. Molecular characterization revealed the absence of genes involved in autotrophic nitrification in the genome of the two isolates and the presence of genes involved in anaerobic denitrification only in P. balearica UFV3, suggesting the involvement of other genes in the HN/AD process. This was the first report of G. amicalis and P. balearica with the capability for HN/AD.
•This is the first report of G. amicalis and P. balearica with ability to HN/AD.•Isolates can remove 100% of ammonium and convert it into N2(g) within 72 h.•The ammonium removal occurs without excessive sludge production.•Genes involved in NH/DA are different from those involved in conventional process.
Human Neks are a conserved protein kinase family related to cell cycle progression and cell division and are considered potential drug targets for the treatment of cancer and other pathologies. We ...screened the activation loop mutant kinases hNek1 and hNek2, wild-type hNek7, and five hNek6 variants in different activation/phosphorylation statesand compared them against 85 compounds using thermal shift denaturation. We identified three compounds with significant Tm shifts: JNK Inhibitor II for hNek1(Δ262-1258)-(T162A), Isogranulatimide for hNek6(S206A), andGSK-3 Inhibitor XIII for hNek7wt. Each one of these compounds was also validated by reducing the kinases activity by at least 25%. The binding sites for these compounds were identified by in silico docking at the ATP-binding site of the respective hNeks. Potential inhibitors were first screened by thermal shift assays, had their efficiency tested by a kinase assay, and were finally analyzed by molecular docking. Our findings corroborate the idea of ATP-competitive inhibition for hNek1 and hNek6 and suggest a novel non-competitive inhibition for hNek7 in regard to GSK-3 Inhibitor XIII. Our results demonstrate that our approach is useful for finding promising general and specific hNekscandidate inhibitors, which may also function as scaffolds to design more potent and selective inhibitors.
•A masticatory load may result in different mechanical responses on the crown and cement layer according to the implemented restorative material.•It is necessary for the clinician to consider the ...biomechanics when selecting the monolithic material for the restoration.•Stress concentration can be calculated based on the stress peak value to the average stress value in the concerned region.
To investigate the influence of different materials for monolithic full posterior crowns using 3D-Finite Element Analysis (FEA).
Twelve (12) 3D models of adhesively-restored teeth with different crowns according to the material and its elastic modulus were analysed: Acrylic resin, Polyetheretherketone, Composite resin, Hybrid ceramic, pressable and machinable Zirconia reinforced lithium silicate, Feldspathic, Lithium disilicate, Gold alloy, Cobalt–Chromium alloy (Co–Cr), Zirconia tetragonal partially stabilized with yttria, and Alumina. All materials were assumed to behave elastically throughout the entire deformation. Results in restoration and cementing line were obtained using maximum principal stress. In addition, maximum shear stress criteria was used for the cementing line.
Restorative materials with higher elastic modulus present higher stress concentration inside the crown, mainly tensile stress on an intaglio surface. On the other hand, materials with lower elastic modulus allow stress passage for cement, increasing shear stress on this layer. Stiffer materials promote higher stress peak values.
Materials with higher elastic modulus such as Co–Cr, zirconia and alumina enable higher tensile stress concentration on the crown intaglio surface and higher shear stress on the cement layer, facilitating crown debonding.
To contribute to overcoming global sustainability challenges, investors have been increasingly interested in making sustainable investments and incorporating environmental, social and governance ...(ESG) criteria into their portfolio selection decisions and managerial activities. However, these investors and other agents interested in sustainable investment need updated and robust information to support their decision making. We analyzed the performance of several Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSIs) and compared them with their respective market benchmarks from 2013 to 2018. The indices comprise the following regions and countries: the world, the Asia‐Pacific, Europe, emerging markets and the US. The analysis was conducted based on both classic and modern portfolio metrics. The results suggest that sustainable investment performance is still heterogeneous worldwide, but there is a promising opportunity for investors to obtain superior risk‐adjusted returns in certain regions while incorporating sustainable investment practices. The findings are of utmost importance to financial market practitioners, business managers, academics and other stakeholders interested in promoting investments, corporate practices and scientific knowledge to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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