Cajal-Retzius cells (CRs) are a class of transient neurons in the mammalian cortex that play a critical role in cortical development. Neocortical CRs undergo almost complete elimination in the first ...two postnatal weeks in rodents and the persistence of CRs during postnatal life has been detected in pathological conditions related to epilepsy. However, it is unclear whether their persistence is a cause or consequence of these diseases. To decipher the molecular mechanisms involved in CR death, we investigated the contribution of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as it plays a critical role in cell survival. We first showed that this pathway is less active in CRs after birth before massive cell death. We also explored the spatio-temporal activation of both AKT and mTOR pathways and reveal area-specific differences along both the rostro-caudal and medio-lateral axes. Next, using genetic approaches to maintain an active pathway in CRs, we found that the removal of either PTEN or TSC1, two negative regulators of the pathway, lead to differential CR survivals, with a stronger effect in the
model. Persistent cells in this latter mutant are still active. They express more Reelin and their persistence is associated with an increase in the duration of kainate-induced seizures in females. Altogether, we show that the decrease in PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity in CRs primes these cells to death by possibly repressing a survival pathway, with the mTORC1 branch contributing less to the phenotype.
A facile chemical procedure was utilized to produce an effective peroxy-monosulfate (PMS) activator, namely ZnCo2O4/alginate. To enhance the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB), a novel ...response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box–Behnken Design (BBD) method was employed. Physical and chemical properties of each catalyst (ZnCo2O4 and ZnCo2O4/alginate) were characterized using several techniques, such as FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, and TEM. By employing BBD-RSM with a quadratic statistical model and ANOVA analysis, the optimal conditions for RhB decomposition were mathematically determined, based on four parameters including catalyst dose, PMS dose, RhB concentration, and reaction time. The optimal conditions were achieved at a PMS dose of 1 g l−1, a catalyst dose of 1 g l−1, a dye concentration of 25 mg l−1, and a time of 40 min, with a RhB decomposition efficacy of 98%. The ZnCo2O4/alginate catalyst displayed remarkable stability and reusability, as demonstrated by recycling tests. Additionally, quenching tests confirmed that SO4·−/OH· radicals played a crucial role in the RhB decomposition process.
In this paper, we present a new catalyst based on graphene oxide deposited on PES fabric and decorated with Cu0 and Ag0 NPs. The material was created via dip-coating followed by in-situ reduction of ...Cu2+ and Ag+ to Cu0 and Ag0 on its surface. Different physico-chemical characterizations were performed to investigate the possible interfacial interactions between PES, GO, and metallic ions. The PES-GO/Cu0-Ag0 was evaluated for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (0.03. 10-3 M), Rhodamine B (20 ppm) and Methyl Orange (20 ppm). The PES-GO/Cu0-Ag0 catalyst shows outstanding catalytic activity for the reduction of all organic compounds tested. The reaction constant for 4-NP, RhB, and MO was 0.564, 0.569, and 0.42 min-1, respectively. Furthermore, the findings indicate that PES-GO/Cu0-Ag0 coatings on PES substrate may be advantageous to avoid problems with powder separation.
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The release of liquid effluents containing heavy metals, notably Cr (VI), into the environment is a significant contributor to water pollution. Consequently, there is a growing concern about treating ...these effluents before their discharge. In this context, our study introduces an innovative approach to produce a novel chloride-doped polypyrrole/Diatomite (Cl-PPy/DT) nanocomposite through in situ polymerization. We examined the physicochemical properties of Cl-PPy/DT using various analytical techniques, including structural, textural, morphological, and thermal analyses, confirming the successful formation of the composite. For Cr (VI) removal via batch adsorption, the efficiency of Cl-PPy/DT surpassed that of Cl-PPy and diatomite by 2.21 and 3.75 times, respectively, at a Cr(VI) concentration of 25 ppm. This suggests a robust synergistic effect between diatomite and Cl-PPy, where both components resist aggregation, resulting in a loose structure and optimal exposure of active sites. Using response surface methodology, we refined adsorption parameters such as contact time, initial metal concentration, and adsorbent quantity. Results indicated that adsorption followed a quadratic polynomial model with high regression parameters (R2 value = 99.6%). Kinetic findings demonstrated that Cr(VI) adsorption on Cl-PPy/DT aligned with the pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, at 25 °C, the Langmuir model effectively correlated with equilibrium data, revealing a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 89.97 mg/g for the Cl-PPy/DT adsorbent. Notably, the adsorbent exhibited renewability and reusability for up to four cycles, indicating its potential for large-scale use as a competitive adsorbent.
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•New stable diatomite-polypyrrole composite was successfully synthesized and applied for Cr(VI) removal.•PPY@Diatomite provides a High adsorption ability for Cr (VI) in aqueous solutions.•Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the Cr (VI) adsorption behavior.•PPY@Diatomite was a promising and reusable material for Cr(VI) removal.
A facile chemical procedure was utilized to produce an effective peroxy-monosulfate (PMS) activator, namely ZnCo
O
/alginate. To enhance the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB), a novel ...response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method was employed. Physical and chemical properties of each catalyst (ZnCo
O
and ZnCo
O
/alginate) were characterized using several techniques, such as FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, and TEM. By employing BBD-RSM with a quadratic statistical model and ANOVA analysis, the optimal conditions for RhB decomposition were mathematically determined, based on four parameters including catalyst dose, PMS dose, RhB concentration, and reaction time. The optimal conditions were achieved at a PMS dose of 1 g l
, a catalyst dose of 1 g l
, a dye concentration of 25 mg l
, and a time of 40 min, with a RhB decomposition efficacy of 98%. The ZnCo
O
/alginate catalyst displayed remarkable stability and reusability, as demonstrated by recycling tests. Additionally, quenching tests confirmed that SO
˙
/OH˙ radicals played a crucial role in the RhB decomposition process.
A facile chemical procedure was utilized to produce an effective peroxy-monosulfate (PMS) activator, namely ZnCo
2
O
4
/alginate. To enhance the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB), a novel ...response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method was employed. Physical and chemical properties of each catalyst (ZnCo
2
O
4
and ZnCo
2
O
4
/alginate) were characterized using several techniques, such as FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, and TEM. By employing BBD-RSM with a quadratic statistical model and ANOVA analysis, the optimal conditions for RhB decomposition were mathematically determined, based on four parameters including catalyst dose, PMS dose, RhB concentration, and reaction time. The optimal conditions were achieved at a PMS dose of 1 g l
−1
, a catalyst dose of 1 g l
−1
, a dye concentration of 25 mg l
−1
, and a time of 40 min, with a RhB decomposition efficacy of 98%. The ZnCo
2
O
4
/alginate catalyst displayed remarkable stability and reusability, as demonstrated by recycling tests. Additionally, quenching tests confirmed that SO
4
&z.rad;
−
/OH&z.rad; radicals played a crucial role in the RhB decomposition process.
A facile chemical procedure was utilized to produce an effective peroxy-monosulfate (PMS) activator, namely ZnCo
2
O
4
/alginate.
