Sleep apnea (SA) has been associated with cognitive impairment. However, no data regarding the risk of dementia in patients with SA has been reported in the general population. This retrospective ...matched-control cohort study was designed to estimate and compare the risk of dementia in SA and non-SA patients among persons aged 40 and above over a 5-year period follow-up.
We conducted a nationwide 5-year population-based study using data retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 (LHID2005) in Taiwan. The study cohort comprised 1414 patients with SA aged 40 years who had at least 1 inpatient service claim or 1 ambulatory care claim. The comparison cohort comprised 7070 randomly selected patients who were matched with the study group according to sex, age, and index year. We performed Cox proportional-hazards regressions to compute the 5-year dementia-free survival rates after adjusting for potentially confounding factors.
The SA patients in this study had a 1.70-times greater risk of developing dementia within 5 years of diagnosis compared to non-SA age- and sex-matched patients, after adjusting for other risk factors (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-2.31; P < .01). For the gender-dependent effect, only females with SA were more likely to develop dementia (adjust HR: 2.38, 95% CI =1.51-3.74; P < .001). For the age-dependent effect of different genders, males with SA aged 50-59 years had a 6.08 times greater risk for developing dementia (95% CI = 1.96-18.90), and females with SA aged ≥ 70 years had a 3.20 times greater risk of developing dementia (95% CI =1.71-6.00). For the time-dependent effect, dementia may be most likely to occur in the first 2.5 years of follow-up (adjusted HR:2.04, 95% CI =1.35-3.07).
SA may be a gender-dependent, age-dependent, and time-dependent risk factor for dementia.
Background: Osteoporosis and periodontitis are both considered global health issues that threaten postmenopausal women and the older population. However, the correlation between osteoporosis and ...periodontitis is still unclear.
Methods: Using a nationwide Taiwanese population‐based database, data from patients with osteoporosis (2003 to 2005; n = 2,527) and 7,575 individuals who were matched to each patient by age and sex were analyzed. All participants were tracked for 5 years from the date of enrollment to observe the percentage of patients who developed periodontitis. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed to evaluate 5‐year periodontitis‐free survival rates.
Results: Among the total sample, 3,060 individuals were diagnosed with periodontitis during the 5‐year follow‐up period: 792 in the study cohort and 2,268 in the comparison cohort. The adjusted hazard ratio for periodontitis in patients with osteoporosis compared with individuals without osteoporosis during the 5‐year follow‐up was 1.14 (95% confidence interval = 1.05 to 1.24, P <0.01).
Conclusion: This population‐based study indicated that patients with osteoporosis may have an increased risk of periodontitis.
Highlights • Breast cancer incidence was 1.89-fold higher in women with sleep apnea (SA). • Adjusted hazard ratio was 2.09 during the 5-year follow-up. • Women aged >30 years suffering from SA may be ...more vulnerable to breast cancer development.
The association between Kawasaki disease and autism has rarely been studied in Asian populations. By using a nationwide Taiwanese population-based claims database, we tested the hypothesis that ...Kawasaki disease may increase the risk of autism in Taiwan.
Our study cohort consisted of patients who had received the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (ICD-9-CM: 446.1) between 1997 and 2005 (N = 563). For a comparison cohort, five age- and gender-matched control patients for every patient in the study cohort were selected using random sampling (N = 2,815). All subjects were tracked for 5 years from the date of cohort entry to identify whether they had developed autism (ICD-9-CM code 299.0) or not. Cox proportional hazard regressions were then performed to evaluate 5-year autism-free survival rates.
The main finding of this study was that patients with Kawasaki disease seem to not be at increased risk of developing autism. Of the total patients, four patients developed autism during the 5-year follow-up period, among whom two were Kawasaki disease patients and two were in the comparison cohort. Further, the adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) (AHR: 4.81; 95% confidence interval: 0.68-34.35; P = 0.117) did not show any statistical significance between the Kawasaki disease group and the control group during the 5-year follow-up.
Our study indicated that patients with Kawasaki disease are not at increased risk of autism.
博士
國立臺灣師範大學
健康促進與衛生教育學系
97
This research examines junior high school students’ smoking within a social ecological framework that incorporates both environmental and individual factors relating to the ...use of tobacco by adolescents. The ecological influences that are examined correlate with the adolescent’s school environment. The research utilizes data collected from a random sample of 3,604 Miao-Li students via questionnaire from 37 different schools. Hierarchical Linear Regression(HLM) statistical methods are used to analyze the two-level data. The main findings show that school ecological variables are important influence in adolescent tobacco use. The aggregated measure of anti-social behavior and campus smoking of teachers and students are associated with smoking behavior. These relationships are still valid when important individual characteristics such as attitude toward smoking, efficacy of smoking refusing, anti-social behavior, and peer smoking are considered. The aggregated measure of campus smoking
Background Sleep apnea (SA) has been associated with cognitive impairment. However, no data regarding the risk of dementia in patients with SA has been reported in the general population. This ...retrospective matched-control cohort study was designed to estimate and compare the risk of dementia in SA and non-SA patients among persons aged 40 and above over a 5-year period follow-up. Methods We conducted a nationwide 5-year population-based study using data retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 (LHID2005) in Taiwan. The study cohort comprised 1414 patients with SA aged 40 years who had at least 1 inpatient service claim or 1 ambulatory care claim. The comparison cohort comprised 7070 randomly selected patients who were matched with the study group according to sex, age, and index year. We performed Cox proportional-hazards regressions to compute the 5-year dementia-free survival rates after adjusting for potentially confounding factors. Results The SA patients in this study had a 1.70-times greater risk of developing dementia within 5 years of diagnosis compared to non-SA age- and sex-matched patients, after adjusting for other risk factors (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-2.31; P < .01). For the gender-dependent effect, only females with SA were more likely to develop dementia (adjust HR: 2.38, 95% CI =1.51-3.74; P < .001). For the age-dependent effect of different genders, males with SA aged 50-59 years had a 6.08 times greater risk for developing dementia (95% CI = 1.96-18.90), and females with SA aged greater than or equal to 70 years had a 3.20 times greater risk of developing dementia (95% CI =1.71-6.00). For the time-dependent effect, dementia may be most likely to occur in the first 2.5 years of follow-up (adjusted HR:2.04, 95% CI =1.35-3.07). Conclusions SA may be a gender-dependent, age-dependent, and time-dependent risk factor for dementia.
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•W-doped BiVO4 coupling MIL-101 (Fe) is made as photocatalyst for water oxidation.•Optimizing W amounts can increase carriers without creating recombination sites.•MIL-101 reduces ...recombination, create active sites and improve oxidation kinetics.•A high photocurrent density of 4.00 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE under AM 1.5G was obtained.•Photocurrent retention higher than 95.5% is obtained under illumination for 6300 s.
Doping heteroatoms and decorating co-catalyst are intensively applied to improve photocatalytic ability of BiVO4. In this study, it is the first time to design W-doped BiVO4 coupling MIL-101(Fe) as photocatalyst for water oxidation using electrodeposition and hydrothermal processes. Similar system with Mo as dopant has been reported, but the dopant plays important roles on electrochemical performance. It is worthy to study the efficient system with different dopant. Doping amount of W is optimized to achieve high carrier density without creating serious recombination sites. MIL-101(Fe) is decorated on W-doped BiVO4 to suppress surface recombination, create accessible active sites and improve water oxidation kinetics. Optimized W-doped BiVO4/MIL-101(Fe) electrode shows a high photocurrent density of 4.00 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE) under air mass 1.5-global simulated light illumination without hole scavenger in electrolyte, due to large electrochemical surface area, high carrier density and small charge-transfer resistance. The W-doped BiVO4 and BiVO4 electrodes merely show photocurrent densities of 2.96 and 1.72 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE, respectively. Photocurrent retention higher than 95.5% is obtained for W-doped BiVO4/MIL-101 (Fe) electrode under continuous illumination for 6300 s, suggesting lasting photocatalytic ability of this novel W-doped BiVO4/MIL-101(Fe) electrode.
Doping heteroatoms and decorating co-catalyst are intensively applied to improve photocatalytic ability of BiVO
. In this study, it is the first time to design W-doped BiVO
coupling MIL-101(Fe) as ...photocatalyst for water oxidation using electrodeposition and hydrothermal processes. Similar system with Mo as dopant has been reported, but the dopant plays important roles on electrochemical performance. It is worthy to study the efficient system with different dopant. Doping amount of W is optimized to achieve high carrier density without creating serious recombination sites. MIL-101(Fe) is decorated on W-doped BiVO
to suppress surface recombination, create accessible active sites and improve water oxidation kinetics. Optimized W-doped BiVO
/MIL-101(Fe) electrode shows a high photocurrent density of 4.00 mA/cm
at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (V
) under air mass 1.5-global simulated light illumination without hole scavenger in electrolyte, due to large electrochemical surface area, high carrier density and small charge-transfer resistance. The W-doped BiVO
and BiVO
electrodes merely show photocurrent densities of 2.96 and 1.72 mA/cm
at 1.23 V
, respectively. Photocurrent retention higher than 95.5% is obtained for W-doped BiVO
/MIL-101 (Fe) electrode under continuous illumination for 6300 s, suggesting lasting photocatalytic ability of this novel W-doped BiVO
/MIL-101(Fe) electrode.
Charge transfer behavior of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and 6,6‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl eser (PCBM) in solutions and in films were examined by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. PL study ...in solutions indicated that separation distance between P3HT and PCBM affected charge transfer efficiency more seriously than the interface area issue between P3HT and PCBM. P3HT/PCBM film showed very effective photo‐induced charge transfer before post‐thermal annealing on the bi‐layer P3HT/PCBM film. Charge transfer efficiency was gradually diminished by the annealing‐induced phase separation between P3HT and PCBM as revealed by increasing PL emission intensity of P3HT.
Charge transfer behavior between P3HT and PCBM was examined. Photoluminescence study indicated separation distance between P3HT and PCBM affected charge transfer more seriously than interface area issue between P3HT and PCBM. P3HT/PCBM film showed effective photo‐induced charge transfer before post‐thermal treatment and diminished by annealing‐induced phase separation between P3HT and PCBM as revealed by increasing PL emission intensity of P3HT.
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