U tekstu se analizira Odluka Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske U-III-4149/2014 od 24. srpnja 2015. koja se odnosi na metodu tumačenja ustavnih odredbi o nezastarijevanju kaznenih djela profiterstva ...počinjenih u ratu i u postupku pretvorbe i privatizacije tijekom Domovinskog rata i miroljubive reintegracije kao i u vrijeme ratnog stanja i neposredne ugroze neovisnosti i teritorijalnog integriteta zemlje. Temeljno stajalište autora teksta jest tvrdnja da se dio Odluke Ustavnog suda prije temelji na selektivnom nego li na holističkom tumačenju navedenih ustavnih odredbi. Tumačenje Ustavnog suda u njegovom se najvažnijem dijelu temelji na potpuno pogrešnoj pretpostavci kako neka od navedenih djela nisu ni bila obuhvaćena zastarom predviđenom kaznenopravnim propisima koji su bili na snazi prije ustavne reforme iz 2010. Zbog takvog pogrešnog tumačenja, a prema stajalištu Ustavnoga suda, može se zaključiti da se odredbe o nezastarijevanju navedenih djela mogu primijeniti i na neka od navedenih djela, što je legalno nedopustivo. K tome, Ustavni je sud Republike Hrvatske promijenio karakter dijela načela legaliteta u kaznenom pravu u dijelu koji govori o zastari, iako to spada u okvir ekskluzivne jurisdikcije tvorca Ustava.
In this paper, the author analyses from the aspect of constitutional law a part of the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia No. U-III-4149/2014 of July 24, 2015, relating to the method of interpretation of constitutional provisions stipulating non-limitation of offenses of war profiteering and criminal acts in the process of transformation and privatization committed during the Homeland War and peaceful reintegration as well as in the state of war and immediate threat to the independence and territorial integrity of the country. Fundamental opinion represented in the paper is that the respective part of the Constitutional Court’s Decision is founded on a selective rather than a holistic interpretation of the alleged constitutional norm. That interpretation is in its relevant part based on a completely wrong presumption that some of those offenses are not barred by the statute of limitations pursuant to criminal law regulations being in force before the constitutional reform of the year 2010. Because of that misinterpretation, according to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia, it can be deduced that the provision on non-limitation of the above stated offenses can be applied to some of the listed offenses, which is legally unfounded. Apart from that, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia has changed the character of the part of the principle of legality in criminal law relating to the law on the statute of limitations, although this lies within the exclusive jurisdiction of the framers of the Constitution.
Cilj ovoga rada je utvrditi i analizirati učinke primjene razmjernog izbornog sustava u Republici Hrvatskoj osobito u razdoblju od 2000. godine do danas. Osobitu pozornost autor posvećuje analizi ...učinaka koja se odnosi na izborne jedinice, D´Hondtovu formulu preračunavanja glasova, efektivni broj političkih stranaka, stupanj proporcionalnosti i izborni prag. Autor iznosi određene prijedloge za poboljšavanje elemenata postojećeg izbornog sustava de lege ferenda koje se odnose osobito na promjenu formule za preračunavanje glasova i uvođenje jedne izborne jedinice u Republici Hrvatskoj.
The aim of this paper is to establish and analyse the effects of the application of a proportional election system in the Republic of Croatia particularly in the period from 2000 till today. ...Particular attention is placed on analysis of the effects related to the electorate, D’Hondtov’s formula for calculating votes, effective number of political parties, level of proportionality and election threshold. The author presents certain suggestions for improving elements of the existing election system de lege ferenda which is particularly related to the change in the formula for counting votes and introducing a single electorate in the Republic of Croatia.
Croatia has undergone significant infrastructural changes since the 1990s. The difficult process of transitionto statehood caused far-reaching consequences of unemployment, increase of domestic and ...foreign debt, and growth of systemic corruption. In 2010 the Croatian Parliament amended the Constitution and abolished the statute of limitations for privatization and ownership transformation crimes committed during the Homeland War and peaceful reintegration. The abolition of the statute of limitations enabled Croatian justice to prosecute former Prime Minister Ivo Sanader for his part in war profiteering during the early 1990s, with the result that he was sentenced to long-term imprisonment in the Hypo bank case. However, in 2015 the Constitutional Court overruled this ruling, arguing that the abolition of retroactivity cannot be applied to those criminal offences for which the statute of limitations has expired before the Constitutional amendment entered into force. This decision made all criminal proceedings against war profiteers legally impossible, since in almost every case the statute of limitations had already expired in 2010. In this text, authors will analyze the decision of the Constitutional Court in the Hypo bank case, critically examining the reasoning of the Constitutional Court in the context of historical interpretation of the nullum crimen sine lege, nulla poena sine lege principle –as one of the most esteemed values of enlightenment philosophy – concluding with an explanation of their own standpoint on the topic.
In this paper the author analyzes the existing Croatian constitutional legal solutions regarding the voting right equality as an international standard and a significant element of electoral system. ...The paper deals with constitutional legal justification for introducing unequal voting right for national minority representatives that make less than 1.5% of the population. Apart from it, a disputable constitutional legal justification for introducing the system of fixed quota by electing representatives who represent Croatian citizens outside the Republic of Croatia has been dealt with. Special attention is paid to existing mallaportionment that has existed in Croatia since the introduction of proportional electoral system at the parliamentary elections in 2000, 2003 and 2007. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
In this paper the author analyzes the existing Croatian constitutional legal solutions regarding the voting right equality as an international standard and a significant element of electoral system. ...The paper deals with constitutional legal justification for introducing unequal voting right for national minority representatives that make less than 1.5% of the population. Apart from it, a disputable constitutional legal justification for introducing the system of fixed quota by electing representatives who represent Croatian citizens outside the Republic of Croatia has been dealt with. Special attention is paid to existing mallaportionment that has existed in Croatia since the introduction of proportional electoral system at the parliamentary elections in 2000, 2003 and 2007. Adapted from the source document.
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