Limited evidence exists for the association between diet pattern and obesity phenotypes among Chinese adults. In the present study, we analyzed the cross-sectional data from 474,192 adults aged 30-79 ...years from the China Kadoorie Biobank baseline survey. Food consumption was collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis combined with cluster analysis. After being adjusted for potential confounders, individuals following a traditional southern dietary pattern had the lowest body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC); the Western/new affluence dietary pattern had the highest BMI; and the traditional northern dietary pattern had the highest WC. Compared to the traditional southern dietary pattern in multivariable adjusted logistic models, individuals following a Western/new affluence dietary pattern had a significantly increased risk of general obesity (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.08) and central obesity (PR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06-1.08). The corresponding risks for the traditional northern dietary pattern were 1.05 (1.02-1.09) and 1.17 (1.25-1.18), respectively. In addition, the associations were modified by lifestyle behaviors, and the combined effects with alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, and physical activity were analyzed. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the diet-obesity relationships.
To prospectively explore the association between tea drinking and incidence of stroke of adults of Zhejiang province.
After excluding participants with heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes at ...baseline study, 53 916 participants aged 30-79 years in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Tongxiang were included for final analysis. Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (
) for the association of tea drinking with incident stroke.
The main type of drinking tea was black tea (79.78
), followed by green tea (20.08
). Of the 53 916 participants, the proportion of participants who drank tea at least once per week was 31.27
. The corresponding proportions for men and women were 60.24
and 10.30
, respectively. Among 391 512 person-years of the follow-up program (median 7.26 years), a total of 1 487 men and 1 769 women were diagnosed with stroke. After adjusting for socio-demographic status, lifestyle, BMI, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure,
for incident stroke decreased wi
Cultural education, as the key course content to build students' literacy and thought, is at the forefront of ideology. The adverse influence of news media on students' ideas, opinions and ...consciousness will weaken the discourse power of moral education. This article takes the media era as the breakthrough point, based on the moral education as the core idea, with the rapid development of students 'core literacy as the main line, to students' core literacy as the main body of scientific research, discusses the interaction between moral education and students' core literacy and logical sequence, organize cultural education, core idea, management system, the main content, way, evaluation way. Social morality and physical and mental health are also hot topics in the university education industry. With the deep level of research and discussion in recent years, the rapid development of this research has entered a systematic link. The new ideas and achievements produced by the ideological analysis and systematization of college students' mental health are the quality and prerequisite of higher vocational education. According to this reason and teaching environment, the paper discusses the implementation path and construction preventive measures of college students from the perspective of ideological and Physical courses.
Direct non‐oxidative methane conversion (DNMC) has been recognized as a single‐step technology that directly converts methane into olefins and higher hydrocarbons. High reaction temperature and low ...catalyst durability, resulting from the endothermic reaction and coke deposition, are two main challenges. We show that a millisecond catalytic wall reactor enables stable methane conversion, C2+ selectivity, coke yield, and long‐term durability. These effects originate from initiation of the DNMC on a reactor wall and maintenance of the reaction by gas‐phase chemistry within the reactor compartment. The results obtained under various temperatures and gas flow rates form a basis for optimizing the process towards lighter C2 or heavier aromatic products. A process simulation was done by Aspen Plus to understand the practical implications of this reactor in DNMC. High carbon and thermal efficiencies and low cost of the reactor materials are realized, indicating the technoeconomic viability of this DNMC technology.
Wall to wall: The upgrade of CH4 by direct non‐oxidative methane conversion is facilitated by a Fe/SiO2 millisecond catalytic wall reactor. The reactor design results in stable methane conversion, C2+ selectivity, coke yield, and long‐term durability.
A single‐crystalline graphene monolayer is grown on a Ru(0001) surface by thermal annealing of a ruthenium single crystal containing carbon. The layer is highly ordered, continuous, and exhibits ...perfect crystallinity, with good long‐range order on the order of millimeters (see figure). These findings offer high‐quality graphene layers for fundamental research as well as large‐scale graphene wafers for device fabrication and integration.
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•CdS/g-C3N4 showed high reactivity for U(VI) without electron sacrifice in air.•U(VI) could be efficiently photo-reduced under solar and a 4 W LED lamp.•Uranium of low concentration ...in seawater could be recovered.•High uranium extraction capacity of 2379 mg/g could be reached.
The photocatalysis can be used as an effective strategy for separating aqueous uranium. However, the low reaction efficiency of the photocatalytic system in open air strongly restrained its practical application. In this study, CdS/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were developed for reducing U(VI) under visible-light. Remarkably high photocatalytic efficiency was realized without the aid of any electron sacrifice, where uranyl was reduced to U(IV) only within 6 min, being the fastest among the ever-reported researches. CdS/CN-33 showed an optimal reaction rate of 0.641 min−1, being 9.67 and 64.10 times of that for pristine CdS and g-C3N4, respectively. Most importantly, a satisfying performance was achieved for the photocatalytic U(VI) reduction in open air, as well as under solar irradiation and a 4 W LED lamp. The extraction capacity for uranium reached 2,379 mg/g, and the recycled CdS/g-C3N4 nanocomposites could keep high stability and activity.
A lack of sunlight exposure, residence in the northern latitudes, and dietary vitamin D insufficiency are coprevalent with metabolic syndrome (MetS), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), and nonalcoholic fatty ...liver diseases (NAFLD), implying a potential causality and underlying mechanism. Whether vitamin D supplementation or treatment can improve these disorders is controversial, in part, because of the absence of large-scale trials. Experimental investigations, on the other hand, have uncovered novel biological functions of vitamin D in development, tumor suppression, and immune regulation, far beyond its original role as a vitamin that maintained calcium homeostasis. While the large intestine harbors massive numbers of microbes, the small intestine has a minimal quantity of bacteria, indicating the existence of a gating system located in the distal region of the small intestine that may restrain bacterial translocation to the small intestine. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) was found to be highly expressed at the distal region of small intestine, where the vitamin D signaling promotes innate immunity, including the expression of α-defensins by Paneth cells, and maintains the intestinal tight junctions. Thus, a new hypothesis is emerging, indicating that vitamin D deficiency may impair the intestinal innate immunity, including downregulation of Paneth cell defensins, leading to bacterial translocation, endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Here, we review the studies for vitamin D for innate immunity and metabolic homeostasis, and we outline the clinical trials of vitamin D for mitigating MetS, T2D, and NAFLD.
Shape memory materials (SMMs) are a class of smart materials that generate recoverable residual deformation. Among the family of SMMs, shape memory ceramics (SMC) are more applicable to extreme ...situations with high temperature, high stress, or corrosive environments. Most of the well-known SMCs are zirconia-based ceramics. Herein, we demonstrate the shape memory behavior of ferroelectric ceramics through a case study on Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 (NBT-BT) ceramics. The results show that after heat treatment under stress, there was a large residual strain left in the NBT-BT ceramics. After they were annealed at a temperature above the phase-transition temperature, the residual strain recovered. The maximum recoverable residual strain observed in the NBT ceramic plate was approximately 0.369%. Because most ferroelectric ceramics have a smaller critical stress regarding the stress-induced structural orientation or transformation compared with that of the zirconia-based SMCs, they should be more suitable for SMC applications at a medium stress level.
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