Nonlinear mapping is an essential and common demand in online systems, such
as sensor systems and mobile phones. Accelerating nonlinear mapping will
directly speed up online systems. Previously the ...authors of this paper proposed
a Dendrite Net (DD) with enormously lower time complexity than the existing
nonlinear mapping algorithms; however, there still are redundant calculations
in DD. This paper presents a DD with an acceleration module (AC) to accelerate
nonlinear mapping further. We conduct three experiments to verify whether DD
with AC has lower time complexity while retaining DD's nonlinear mapping
properties and system identification properties: The first experiment is the
precision and identification of unary nonlinear mapping, reflecting the
calculation performance using DD with AC for basic functions in online systems.
The second experiment is the mapping precision and identification of the
multi-input nonlinear system, reflecting the performance for designing online
systems via DD with AC. Finally, this paper compares the time complexity of DD
and DD with AC and analyzes the theoretical reasons through repeated
experiments. Results: DD with AC retains DD's excellent mapping and
identification properties and has lower time complexity. Significance: DD with
AC can be used for most engineering systems, such as sensor systems, and will
speed up computation in these online systems. The code of DD with AC is
available on https://github.com/liugang1234567/Gang-neuron
Irisin protects the cardiovascular system against vascular diseases. However, its role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) -associated vascular calcification (VC) and the underlying mechanisms remain ...unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential link among Irisin, pyroptosis, and VC under CKD conditions. During mouse vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification induced by β-glycerophosphate (β-GP), the pyroptosis level was increased, as evidenced by the upregulated expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (cleaved CASP1, GSDMD-N, and IL1B) and pyroptotic cell death (increased numbers of PI-positive cells and LDH release). Reducing the pyroptosis levels by a CASP1 inhibitor remarkably decreased calcium deposition in β-GP-treated VSMCs. Further experiments revealed that the pyroptosis pathway was activated by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in calcified VSMCs. Importantly, Irisin effectively inhibited β-GP-induced calcium deposition in VSMCs in vitro and in mice aortic rings ex vivo. Overexpression of Nlrp3 attenuated the suppressive effect of Irisin on VSMC calcification. In addition, Irisin could induce autophagy and restore autophagic flux in calcified VSMCs. Adding the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or chloroquine attenuated the inhibitory effect of Irisin on β-GP-induced ROS production, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, pyroptosis, and calcification in VSMCs. Finally, our in vivo study showed that Irisin treatment promoted autophagy, downregulated ROS level and thereby suppressed pyroptosis and medial calcification in aortic tissues of adenine-induced CKD mice. Together, our findings for the first time demonstrated that Irisin protected against VC via inducing autophagy and inhibiting VSMC pyroptosis in CKD, and Irisin might serve as an effective therapeutic agent for CKD-associated VC.
Enterococci, a type of lactic acid bacteria, are widely distributed in various environments and are part of the normal flora in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Although enterococci have ...gradually evolved pathogenic strains causing nosocomial infections in recent years, the non-pathogenic strains have still been widely used as probiotics and feed additives.
can produce enterocin, which are bacteriocins considered as ribosomal peptides that kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. This paper reviews the classification, synthesis, antibacterial mechanisms and applications of enterocins, and discusses the prospects for future research.
•Silver-substituted hydroxyapatite coating was successfully deposited on anodic TiO2 nanotubes by electrochemical deposition.•The bond strength between the AgHAp coatings and the substrate was ...improved by anodization pretreatment.•The antibacterial capability of the HAp coatings were enhanced with Ag+ incorporation against E. coli.•The AgHAp coatings showed good biocompatibility and no adverse effect in cell culture tests.
Hydroxyapatite doped with Ag+ ions (AgHAp) was synthesized via electrochemical deposition method on anodized titanium. The samples were characterized via X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the phase formation and microstructure of the samples. Highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes with a diameter of 100nm were successfully synthesized, and the AgHAp coating was deposited on the TiO2 nanotubes, which has a thickness of about 17.7±1.5μm. Moreover, silver was uniformly-distributed on the nanotubes. Bioactivity and electrochemical studies were performed for the AgHAp-coated TiO2 in a simulated body fluid, where significant good bioactivity and corrosion resistance were exhibited. The antibacterial and osteoblast cell adhesion tests in vitro revealed that the AgHAp coating with 2.03wt% silver had significant antibacterial and osteogenic properties. Thus, the AgHAp coating was regarded as a promising candidate for coating orthopedic implants.
The development of wireless communication and artificial intelligence has provided great convenience to the people’s production and life and has also created many favorable conditions for the ...development of scientific research. Constructing a multidimensional monitoring system through technical means will help make community public spaces more friendly to preschool children, create a community public space that is friendly to preschool children, and better implement the concept of preschool children’s friendliness. The thesis aims to explore the friendliness of preschool children in the public space of the community and focus on the needs of preschool children and their caregivers as the starting point. Based on wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology, it is evaluated from the three dimensions of space, service, and culture. Starting from this, we obtained relevant data on the impact of impact factors on the friendliness of preschool children in community public spaces and quantified the community public spaces based on these scores to provide theoretical support for realizing preschool children’s friendliness in community public spaces. Research has proven that safety, inclusion, and diversity are the top concerns for community residents. Therefore, we should prioritize these factors when building community-friendly spaces.
Effective physiological bone integration and absence of bacterial infection are essential for a successful orthopaedic or dental implant. This work elucidated the antibacterial efficacy and ...cytocompatibility of an electroplated Cu(
ii
) and Zn(
ii
) co-substituted hydroxyapatite (HAP) (
i.e.
, ZnCuHAP) coating on commercially pure titanium (Ti-cp). To improve the antibacterial property of pure HAP, Cu
2+
was substituted into its structure. Simultaneously, Zn
2+
is co-substituted as a secondary material into CuHAP to offset the potential cytotoxicity of Cu, because an elevated Cu concentration is toxic. The as-deposited coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Co-doping of Zn
2+
and Cu
2+
into HAP reduced the porosity, resulting in a denser coating. The Zn
2+
and Cu
2+
ions were homogenously co-deposited into HAP films. Potentiodynamic polarisation test revealed that the ZnCuHAP covered coating provided good barrier characteristics and achieved superior corrosion protection for Ti substrates. The as-prepared ZnCuHAP coating was found to be highly effective against
Escherichia coli in vitro
.
In vitro
biocompatibility tests and MTT were employed to assess the cytotoxicity of ZnCuHAP coating with osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. No adverse effect or cytotoxicity on osteoblasts by Zn/Cu addition was observed, revealing that the co-substitution of Zn in CuHAP efficiently offsets the adverse effects of Cu and improves the performance compared with that of pure HAP.
Effective physiological bone integration and absence of bacterial infection are essential for a successful orthopaedic or dental implant.
•The SrFHAp coating was formed on Ti substrate by ED for the first time.•Dense and uniform SrFHAp layer formed with nano-needle-like crystal morphology.•The Sr and F ions were homogeneously ...distributed in the SrFHAp coating.•The SrFHAp coating showed higher corrosion resistance than the pure HAp coating.•The SrFHAp coating showed better in vitro biocompatibility than pure HAp coating.
To improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of biomedical titanium, strontium (Sr) and fluorine (F) were simultaneously incorporated in hydroxyapatite (HAp) to form SrFHAp coating on titanium (Ti) via electrodeposition. The microstructure, phase composition, corrosion resistance, and cytocompatibility of the films were studied. Results revealed that by incorporating F− and Sr2+ ions in HAp, the density of the coating markedly increased, i.e., a lower porosity than common HAp coating. The SrFHAp layer was dense and uniform, with nano-needle-like crystals of apatite, which aligned vertically to the substrate. The SrFHAp crystals were calcium-deficient apatite, and Sr2+ ions and F− ions were homogeneously distributed in the coating. The SrFHAp coating showed lower dissolution rate than HA coating. Potentiodynamic polarization test manifested that the SrFHAp-coated titanium exhibited superior corrosion resistance than HAp single-coated sample. In addition, osteoblasts cellular tests revealed that the SrFHAp coating was more effective to improve the in vitro biocompatibility of Ti compared with HAp coating.
This work elucidated the antibacterial efficacy, corrosion resistance, and cytotoxicity of electroplated copper-substituted hydroxyapatite (CuHAP) coating on titanium (Ti). The fabricated CuHAP ...coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction studies. The CuHAP coating had needle-like apatite crystals, the doping of Cu
2+
into HAP reduced porosity, and the coating became denser. The CuHAP crystals were carbonated with a few of Cu
2+
incorporation (about 0.80 wt%). The Cu
2+
ions were homogenously deposited into HAP films. Potentiodynamic polarisation test revealed that the CuHAP coating provided good barrier characteristics and achieved superior corrosion protection for Ti substrates. The in vitro antibacterial activity of as-prepared CuHAP coating was evaluated against
Escherichia coli
and was found to be effectively high against bacterial colonization. Bioactivity test conducted by soaking the coatings in simulated body fluid demonstrated that CuHAP coating can quickly induce bone-like apatite nucleation and growth. In vitro biocompatibility tests, MTT, were employed to assess the cytotoxicity of CuHAP coating with osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. The obtained HAP coating doped with a low content of Cu
2+
exhibited good cytocompatibility and had no toxicity toward MC3T3-E1.
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