Recent developments in the Internet of Things (IoT) technology provide an unprecedented opportunity for personalized services. To take advantage of this great potential, consumers are willing to ...provide their personal information at the risk of privacy breach. This paper examines factors affecting the willingness to provide privacy information based on the privacy calculus theory in several IoT services; healthcare, smart home and smart transportation. The proposed model is estimated using survey data collected from 154 people who know the concept of IoT. The results indicate that people do not pay much attention to perceived privacy risk when providing privacy information for a better personalized service. However, in healthcare service, where perceived privacy risk is high, people are not willing to provide their personal information despite the lower expected value from incomplete personalization. Analysis of privacy behavior in the context of IoT services provides implications for and insight into the tradeoff decision between perceived privacy risk and willingness to provide personal information.
•Perceived benefit has an effect on the willingness to provide privacy information.•Some network externality factors have a significant effect on perceived benefit.•Perceived privacy risk does not matter when providing privacy information.•Despite the lower expected value from non-personalization, risk matters in healthcare.
We introduce FlexibleSUSY, a Mathematica and C++ package, which generates a fast, precise C++ spectrum generator for any SUSY model specified by the user. The generated code is designed with both ...speed and modularity in mind, making it easy to adapt and extend with new features. The model is specified by supplying the superpotential, gauge structure and particle content in a SARAH model file; specific boundary conditions e.g. at the GUT, weak or intermediate scales are defined in a separate FlexibleSUSY model file. From these model files, FlexibleSUSY generates C++ code for self-energies, tadpole corrections, renormalization group equations (RGEs) and electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) conditions and combines them with numerical routines for solving the RGEs and EWSB conditions simultaneously. The resulting spectrum generator is then able to solve for the spectrum of the model, including loop-corrected pole masses, consistent with user specified boundary conditions. The modular structure of the generated code allows for individual components to be replaced with an alternative if available. FlexibleSUSY has been carefully designed to grow as alternative solvers and calculators are added. Predefined models include the MSSM, NMSSM, E6SSM, USSM, R-symmetric models and models with right-handed neutrinos.
Program title: FlexibleSUSY
Catalogue identifier: AEVI_v1_0
Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEVI_v1_0.html
Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland
Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License, version 3
No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 129406
No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 854831
Distribution format: tar.gz
Programming language: C++, Wolfram/Mathematica, FORTRAN, Bourne shell.
Computer: Personal computer.
Operating system: Tested on Linux 3.x, Mac OS X.
Classification: 11.1, 11.6, 6.5.
External routines: SARAH 4.0.4, Boost library, Eigen, LAPACK
Nature of problem: Determining the mass spectrum and mixings for any supersymmetric model. The generated code must find simultaneous solutions to constraints which are specified at two or more different renormalization scales, which are connected by renormalization group equations forming a large set of coupled first-order differential equations.
Solution method: Nested iterative algorithm and numerical minimization of the Higgs potential.
Restrictions: The couplings must remain perturbative at all scales between the highest and the lowest boundary condition. FlexibleSUSY assumes that all couplings of the model are real (i.e. CP-conserving). Due to the modular nature of the generated code, adaption and extension to overcome restrictions in scope is quite straightforward.
Running time: 0.06–0.2 seconds per parameter point.
This article proposes a simple, accurate, and computationally efficient method to apply the ordinary unscented Kalman filter (UKF) developed in Euclidean space to systems whose dynamics evolve on ...manifolds. We use the mathematical theory called stable embedding to make a variant of UKF that keeps state estimates in close proximity to the manifold while exhibiting excellent estimation performance. We confirm the performance of our devised filter by applying it to the satellite system model and comparing the performance with other UKFs devised specifically for systems on manifolds. Our devised filter has a low estimation error, keeps the state estimates in close proximity to the manifold as expected, and consumes a minor amount of computation time. Also our devised filter is simple and easy to use because our filter directly employs the off‐the‐shelf standard UKF devised in Euclidean space without any particular manifold‐structure‐preserving discretization method or coordinate transformation.
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bstract
We present FlexibleEFTHiggs, a method for calculating the SM-like Higgs pole mass in SUSY (and even non-SUSY) models, which combines an effective field theory approach with a diagrammatic ...calculation. It thus achieves an all order resummation of leading logarithms together with the inclusion of all non-logarithmic 1-loop contributions. We implement this method into FlexibleSUSY and study its properties in the MSSM, NMSSM, E
6
SSM and MRSSM. In the MSSM, it correctly interpolates between the known results of effective field theory calculations in the literature for a high SUSY scale and fixed- order calculations in the full theory for a sub-TeV SUSY scale. We compare our MSSM results to those from public codes and identify the origin of the most significant deviations between the
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programs. We then perform a similar comparison in the remaining three non-minimal models. For all four models we estimate the theoretical uncertainty of Flex- ibleEFTHiggs and the fixed-order
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programs thereby finding that the former becomes more precise than the latter for a SUSY scale above a few TeV. Even for sub-TeV SUSY scales, FlexibleEFTHiggs maintains the uncertainty estimate around 2–3 GeV, remaining a competitive alternative to existing fixed-order computations.
We document major new features and improvements of FlexibleSUSY, a Mathematica and C++ package with a dependency on the external package SARAH, that generates fast and precise spectrum generators. ...The extensions presented here significantly increase the generality and capabilities of the FlexibleSUSY package, which already works with a wide class of models, while maintaining an elegant structure and easy to use interfaces. The FlexibleBSM extension makes it possible to also create spectrum generators for non-supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. The FlexibleCPV extension adds the option of complex parameters to the spectrum generators, allowing the study of many interesting models with new sources of CP violation. FlexibleMW computes the decay of the muon for the generated model and thereby allows FlexibleSUSY to predict the mass of the W boson from the input parameters by using the more precise electroweak input of {GF,MZ,αem} instead of {MW,MZ,αem}. The FlexibleAMU extension provides a calculator of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in any model FlexibleSUSY can generate a spectrum for. FlexibleSAS introduces a new solver for the boundary value problem which makes use of semi-analytic expressions for dimensionful parameters to find solutions in models where the classic two-scale solver will not work such as the constrained E6SSM. FlexibleEFTHiggs is a hybrid calculation of the Higgs mass which combines the virtues of both effective field theory calculations and fixed-order calculations. All of these extensions are included in FlexibleSUSY 2.0, which is released simultaneously with this manual.
Program title:FlexibleSUSY
Program Files doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/kf7m8gn8vp.1
Licensing provisions: GPLv3
Programming language: C++, Wolfram/Mathematica, FORTRAN, Bourne shell
Journal reference of previous version: Comput.Phys.Commun. 190 (2015) 139–172
Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes
Reasons for the new version: Program extension including new models, observables and algorithms
Summary of revisions: Extension to non-supersymmetric models (FlexibleBSM), complex parameters (FlexibleCPV), prediction of W boson mass from muon decay (FlexibleMW), calculation of anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (FlexibleAMU), semi-analytic boundary value problem solver (FlexibleSAS), improved hybrid Higgs mass calculation (FlexibleEFTHiggs).
Nature of problem: Determining the mass spectrum, mixings and further observables for an arbitrary extension of the Standard Model, input by the user. The generated code must find simultaneous solutions to constraints that are specified at two or more different renormalization scales, which are connected by renormalization group equations forming a large set of coupled first-order differential equations.
Solution method: Nested iterative algorithm and numerical minimization of the Higgs potential.
Restrictions: The couplings must remain perturbative at all scales between the highest and lowest boundary condition. Tensor-like Lagrangian parameters of rank 3 are currently not supported. The automatic determination of the Standard Model-like gauge and Yukawa couplings is only supported for models that have the Standard Model gauge group SU(3)C×SU(2)L×U(1)Y as a gauge symmetry group factor. However, due to the modular nature of the generated code, adapting and extending it to overcome restrictions in scope is quite straightforward.
Interaction between dipoles often emerges intriguing physical phenomena, such as exchange bias in the magnetic heterostructures and magnetoelectric effect in multiferroics, which lead to advances in ...multifunctional heterostructures. However, the defect‐dipole tends to be considered the undesired to deteriorate the electronic functionality. Here, deterministic switching between the ferroelectric and the pinched states by exploiting a new substrate of cubic perovskite, BaZrO3 is reported, which boosts the square‐tensile‐strain to BaTiO3 and promotes four‐variants in‐plane spontaneous polarization with oxygen vacancy creation. First‐principles calculations propose a complex of an oxygen vacancy and two Ti3+ ions coins a charge‐neutral defect‐dipole. Cooperative control of the defect‐dipole and the spontaneous polarization reveals ternary in‐plane polar states characterized by biased/pinched hysteresis loops. Furthermore, it is experimentally demonstrated that three electrically controlled polar‐ordering states lead to switchable and nonvolatile dielectric states for application of nondestructive electro‐dielectric memory. This discovery opens a new route to develop functional materials via manipulating defect‐dipoles and offers a novel platform to advance heteroepitaxy beyond the prevalent perovskite substrates.
A new cubic perovskite substrate BaZrO3 promotes an innovative ferroelectric state and functionality in heteroepitaxial BaTiO3 film through applications of square tensile strain. The isotropic strain induces intriguing four‐variants polar domains of in‐plane spontaneous polarization. Cooperation between the built‐in local point defect‐dipole and the four‐variants polar domains enables the reversible control of ternary polar states.
Recent advances in 3D culture systems have led to the generation of brain organoids that resemble different human brain regions; however, a 3D organoid model of the midbrain containing functional ...midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons has not been reported. We developed a method to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells into a large multicellular organoid-like structure that contains distinct layers of neuronal cells expressing characteristic markers of human midbrain. Importantly, we detected electrically active and functionally mature mDA neurons and dopamine production in our 3D midbrain-like organoids (MLOs). In contrast to human mDA neurons generated using 2D methods or MLOs generated from mouse embryonic stem cells, our human MLOs produced neuromelanin-like granules that were structurally similar to those isolated from human substantia nigra tissues. Thus our MLOs bearing features of the human midbrain may provide a tractable in vitro system to study the human midbrain and its related diseases.
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•Self-organizing midbrain-like organoids (hMLOs) develop from hPSCs in 3D culture•hMLOs, but not mouse MLOs or human cerebral organoids, produce neuromelanin•hMLOs secrete dopamine (DA) and neurons within the hMLOs form functional synapses•Neurons within hMLOs exhibit SNpc DA neuron-like electrophysiological properties
Jo et al. report a method for generating human midbrain-like organoids (hMLOs) from hPSCs in 3D culture. The hMLOs contain distinct layers of neuronal cells expressing human midbrain markers, such as neuromelanin, are electrically active, form functional synapses, and produce dopamine, suggesting that they may be useful for studying human midbrain.
Misfolding and aggregation of the presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein (αsyn) is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. Although predominantly localized in the cytosol, ...a body of evidence has shown that αsyn localizes to mitochondria and contributes to the disruption of key mitochondrial processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to the progression of PD and mutations in mitochondrial-associated proteins are found in familial cases of PD. The sirtuins are highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD
)-dependent enzymes that play a broad role in cellular metabolism and aging. Interestingly, mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) plays a major role in maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing oxidative stress, and is downregulated in aging and age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we hypothesize that αsyn is associated with decreased SIRT3 levels contributing to impaired mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis in PD.
The level of mitochondrial SIRT3 was assessed in cells expressing oligomeric αsyn within the cytosolic and mitochondrial-enriched fractions. Mitochondrial integrity, respiration, and health were examined using several markers of mitochondrial dynamics and stress response and by measuring the rate of oxygen consumption (OCR). Our findings were validated in a rodent model of PD as well as in human post-mortem Lewy body disease (LBD) brain tissue.
Here, we demonstrate that αsyn associates with mitochondria and induces a decrease in mitochondrial SIRT3 levels and mitochondrial biogenesis. We show that SIRT3 downregulation is accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), as well as increased phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), indicative of impaired mitochondrial dynamics. OCR was significantly decreased suggesting a mitochondria respiratory deficit. Interestingly treatment with AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) restores SIRT3 expression, improves mitochondrial function, and decreases αsyn oligomer formation in a SIRT3-dependent manner.
Together, our findings suggest that pharmacologically increasing SIRT3 levels can counteract αsyn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing αsyn oligomers and normalizing mitochondrial bioenergetics. These data support a protective role for SIRT3 in PD-associated pathways and contribute significant mechanistic insight into the interplay of SIRT3 and αsyn.
This study develops a solution to sports match-fixing using various machine-learning models to detect match-fixing anomalies, based on betting odds. We use five models to distinguish between normal ...and abnormal matches: logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification, and the ensemble model-a model optimized from the previous four. The models classify normal and abnormal matches by learning their patterns using sports betting odds data. The database was developed based on the world football league match betting data of 12 betting companies, which offered a vast collection of data on players, teams, game schedules, and league rankings for football matches. We develop an abnormal match detection model based on the data analysis results of each model, using the match result dividend data. We then use data from real-time matches and apply the five models to construct a system capable of detecting match-fixing in real time. The RF, KNN, and ensemble models recorded a high accuracy, over 92%, whereas the LR and SVM models were approximately 80% accurate. In comparison, previous studies have used a single model to examine football match betting odds data, with an accuracy of 70-80%.
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