We present a measurement of the Hubble constant H0 using the gravitational wave (GW) event GW190814, which resulted from the coalescence of a 23 M black hole with a 2.6 M compact object, as a ...standard siren. No compelling electromagnetic counterpart has been identified for this event; thus our analysis accounts for thousands of potential host galaxies within a statistical framework. The redshift information is obtained from the photometric redshift (photo-z) catalog from the Dark Energy Survey. The luminosity distance is provided by the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave sky map. Since this GW event has the second-smallest localization volume after GW170817, GW190814 is likely to provide the best constraint on cosmology from a single standard siren without identifying an electromagnetic counterpart. Our analysis uses photo-z probability distribution functions and corrects for photo-z biases. We also reanalyze the binary black hole GW170814 within this updated framework. We explore how our findings impact the H0 constraints from GW170817, the only GW merger associated with a unique host galaxy. From a combination of GW190814, GW170814, and GW170817, our analysis yields (68% highest-density interval, HDI) for a prior in H0 uniform between . The addition of GW190814 and GW170814 to GW170817 improves the 68% HDI from GW170817 alone by ∼18%, showing how well-localized mergers without counterparts can provide a significant contribution to standard siren measurements, provided that a complete galaxy catalog is available at the location of the event.
Purpose. We report a series of 58 patients with metastatic bone disease treated with resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction over a five-year period at our institution. Introduction. The recent ...advances in adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy in cancer treatment have resulted in improved prognosis of patients with bone metastases. Most patients who have either an actual or impending pathological fracture should have operative stabilisation or reconstruction. Endoprosthetic reconstructions are indicated in patients with extensive bone loss, failed conventional reconstructions, and selected isolated metastases. Methods and Results. We identified all patients who were diagnosed with metastatic disease to bone between 1999 and 2003. One hundred and seventy-one patients were diagnosed with bone metastases. Metastatic breast and renal cancer accounted for 84 lesions (49%). Fifty-eight patients with isolated bone metastasis to the appendicular skeleton had an endoprosthetic reconstruction. There were 28 males and 30 females. Twelve patients had an endoprosthesis in the upper extremity and 46 patients had an endoprosthesis in the lower extremity. The mean age at presentation was 62 years (24 to 88). At the time of writing, 19 patients are still alive, 34 patients have died, and 5 have been lost to follow up. Patients were followed up and evaluated using the musculoskeletal society tumour score (MSTS) and the Toronto extremity salvage score (TESS). The mean MSTS was 73% (57% to 90%) and TESS was 71% (46% to 95%). Mean follow-up was 48.2 months (range 27 to 82 months) and patients died of disease at a mean of 22 months (2 to 51 months) from surgery. Complications included 5 superficial wound infections, 1 aseptic loosening, 4 dislocations, 1 subluxation, and 1 case, where the tibial component of a prosthesis rotated requiring open repositioning. Conclusions. We conclude that endoprosthetic replacement for the treatment of isolated bone metastases is a reliable method of limb reconstruction in selected cases. It is associated with low complication and failure rates in our series, and achieves the aims of restoring function, allowing early weight bearing and alleviating pain.
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) consists of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. Two isoforms exist for the alpha-subunit (alpha(1) and alpha(2)), two for the beta-subunit (beta(1) and ...beta(2)), and three for the gamma-subunit (gamma(1), gamma(2), and gamma(3)). Although the specific roles of the beta- and gamma-subunits are not well understood, the alpha-subunit isoforms contain the catalytic site and also the phosphorylation/activation site for the upstream kinase. This study was designed to determine the role of thyroid hormones in controlling expression levels of these AMPK subunits and of one downstream target, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), in muscle. AMPK subunit and ACC levels were determined by Western blots in control rats, in rats given 0.01% propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water for 3 wk, and in rats given 3 mg of thyroxine and 1 mg of triiodothyronine per kilogram chow for 1 or 3 wk. In gastrocnemius muscle, all isoforms of AMPK subunits were significantly increased in rats given thyroid hormones for 3 wk vs. those treated with PTU. Similar patterns were seen in individual muscle types. Expression of muscle ACC was also significantly increased in response to 3 wk of treatment with excess thyroid hormones. Muscle content of malonyl-CoA was elevated in PTU-treated rats and depressed in thyroid hormone-treated rats. These data provide evidence that skeletal muscle AMPK subunit and ACC expression is partially under the control of thyroid hormones.
We investigated bipolar resistance switching (RS) behavior of a top electrode/epitaxial NiO using Al and Pt as the top electrodes (TEs) and epitaxial NiO deposited at 500 °C (NiO-500) and 700 °C ...(NiO-700). We found that the contact between Al and Pt TEs and NiO-500 was a high resistance insulating contact, while the contact between the two TEs and NiO-700 was a low-resistance metallic contact. We also found that only NiO-500 with the Pt TE exhibited bipolar RS after an electroforming process. This study suggests that during the formation of the Pt/NiO-500 interface, the amount and behavior of oxygen at the interface seem to play the most important role in bipolar RS behavior. In order to improve the device performance, better control of oxygen content and its movement at the interface seems necessary.
► Interfaces between epitaxial NiO films and top electrodes were studied. ► Resistance switching behavior is strongly controlled by growth temperature of NiO. ► Amount and behavior of oxygen at the interface play the most important role. ► Oxygen vacancies are measured by change in the unit-cell volume of NiO.
The cellulosic knit fabric must be treated by NaOH solution in silket process to modify dyeability, luster, physical property, etc. But the silket treated knit fabric has a stiff touch, and must be ...treated with much of silicone softener. But it has bad durability of laundry. And the silket process has a problem that must discharge a lot of alkaline wastewater. In case of woven fabrics, as an alternative to silket process, liquid ammonia process was developed and this process is eco-friendly because the used ammonia is recovered by 98%. But the knit fabrics are not applicable to the conventional liquid ammonia process because they have selvedge curling problem and are very sensitive to tension. Recently, Korea High Tech Textile Research Institute(Korea) and Lafer SPA(Italy) worked together to develop the new liquid ammonia process for knit fabrics. In the present study, the physical properties of knit fabric after the newly-developed liquid ammonia treatment were investigated. The basic physical properties of knit fabric were measured using the Kawabata evaluation system. In addition, the dyeability, dimensional stability, eco-friendliness were investigated. The results showed that liquid ammonia treatment gave improved physical properties, which can be attributed to fast and uniform swelling, to knit fabric and resulted in a dimensional stability. The knit fabric treated in liquid ammonia showed a darker colour and unique appearance. Above all, the knit fabric treated in liquid ammonia had softer touch and superior gloss than the knit fabric of silket process. The new liquid ammonia process for knit fabrics will become the highest quality standard for knits and will be considered the preferred finish also thanks to eco-friendliness.
Spinal metastases are becoming increasingly common because patients with metastatic disease are living longer. The close proximity of the spinal cord to the vertebral column limits many conventional ...therapeutic options that can otherwise be used to treat cancer. In response to this problem, an innovative multidisciplinary approach has been developed for the management of spinal metastases, leveraging the capabilities of image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery, separation surgery, vertebroplasty, and minimally invasive local ablative approaches. In this Review, we discuss the variables that should be considered during the management of these patients and review the role of each discipline and their respective management options to provide optimal care. This work is synthesised into a practical algorithm to aid clinicians in the management of patients with spinal metastasis.
A calcium molybdate (Formula Omitted) crystal scintillator, with molybdenum enriched in Formula Omitted and calcium depleted in Formula Omitted (Formula Omitted), was developed by the Advanced ...Molybdenum based Rare process Experiment (AMoRE) collaboration to search for a neutrinoless double beta (Formula Omitted) decay of Formula Omitted. We are planning to use about 10 kg of Formula Omitted crystals as cryogenic bolometers for the first phase of the experiment (AMoRE-I) at the Yang Yang underground laboratory (Y2L) in Korea. This experiment calls for an extremely low level of radioactive contamination in detectors, particularly by thorium, uranium, and radium decay chains. We measured scintillation properties and radioactive contamination of Formula Omitted and Formula Omitted crystals at the Y2L. We also estimated the acceptable level of internal radioactive background using Monte Carlo simulation for the AMoRE-I.
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