In several studies, these markers have been studied either singly or combined in different geographical locations4,5, but there are limited studies from Southeast Asia. ...with a view to determine ...the circulating dengue serotype(s) and to study the inter-relationship of all the above markers, this observational study was initiated in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh from 2013 to 2016. Dengue virus infection with DEN-1 has been reported from China, Malaysia and India in 2005, 2010 and 2014, respectively11,12,13,14. ...circulation of DEN-1 in Dhaka city may have a link with any of these geographical areas. ...the variations in viral load of each serotype may differ from geographical area to area in which dengue genotype may have a role.
COVID-19 rampant has impacted almost all sections of society, and the repercussions were mostly negative experiences for people and have resulted by way of disruption in their daily routines. ...Academics is one such vital section that has suffered directly because of the inaccessibility of a comfortable educational procedure. Due to a shift in the form of education, most of the student community failed to obtain routine and regular education as the government entirely shuttered educational facilities to limit the spread of disease. In this light, this research attempted to examine the amount of academic stress experienced by students during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the strategies they have adopted to cope with this unheard type of uncertain situation. The findings of the study indicated substantial variations in Academic Stress, Exam Anxiety, and Coping Strategies across various demographic characteristics of the respondents. Another significant finding is that students from poor socio-economic backgrounds and those seeking post-graduate courses are more stressed. As an inference, it is also opined that to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on student performance and psychological well-being, special focus, or techniques for accommodating exam environments by the student should be implemented. To minimize stress, the study also proposed efficient coping techniques to lower the amount of stress in various academic tasks.
Financial literacy as a major catalyst in the area of inclusive growth has obtained utmost prevalence, based on which this study intended to analyze the role of financial literacy in ensuring ...financial inclusion which further enhances socio-economic empowerment in rural areas of Karnataka, India. In order to conduct the study 398 responses (i.e. 93% response rate) were collected through comprehensive questionnaire which was then analyzed using SPSS 26 and SPSS AMOS 23 software, as SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) was used to evaluate the proposed conceptual model, as well as two-way ANOVA to analyze the demographic effect on the components. The study outcome confirmed that financial inclusion is highly affected by the financial literacy of a rural community in a direct way; but when they can take effective financial decision and are responsible in financial behavior, they tend to show more financial inclusion which has contributed to their socio-economic empowerment. Realizing the dominant role of financial literacy one of the key policy implications of this article is that the Indian government may begin spending considerable amounts of money to promote financial literacy, which can significantly expand financial inclusion. Furthermore, measures might be taken to discover the gaps in digital financial transaction (online and mobile banking) where the Government of India should be aggressive in building the infrastructure for financial inclusion, which would aid in the socio-economic growth of the rural people.
To determine the effects of wilting, storage period and bacterial inoculant on the bacterial community and ensiling fermentation of guinea grass silage. Fermentation products, colony counts and ...denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles were determined. There was more lactic acid than acetic acid in all silages, but the lactic acid to acetic acid ratio decreased with storage time. This shift from lactic to acetic acid was not prevented even with a combination of wilting and bacterial inoculant. The DGGE analyses suggest that facultatively heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus pentosus) were involved in the shift to acetic acid fermentation. Lactic acid can dominate the fermentation in tropical grass silage with sufficient wilting prior to ensiling. Prolonged storage may lead to high levels of acetic acid without distinctive changes in the bacterial community. The bacterial community looks stable compared to fermentation products over the course of long storage periods in tropical grass silage. Acetic acid fermentation in tropical grass silage can be a result of the changes in bacterial metabolism rather than community structure.
Aims: Acetic acid is considered an important preservative in tropical grass ensiling. The objective of the current experiments was to follow the ensiling fermentation of low dry matter (DM) tropical ...grass as a model to study changes in bacterial communities during acetic acid fermentation. Methods and Results: Direct‐cut and wilted guinea grass silage was prepared with and without molasses. A high acetic acid level was observed during the fermentation of direct‐cut silage, and long storage increased the butyric acid and ethanol content if molasses was not added. The lactic acid production in wilted silage was greater than the acetic acid production, but prolonged ensiling decreased the lactic to acetic acid ratio regardless of molasses addition. Adding molasses enhanced the lactic acid content in both direct‐cut and wilted silage. The bacterial community, identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, was affected by wilting and molasses addition. Bands for Pantoea sp. and Morganella sp. became faint when acetic acid fermentation was suppressed, and those for Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactococcus garvieae were detected when lactic acid fermentation was enhanced by wilting and molasses addition. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis were found throughout the ensiling process in all silage types. Conclusion: Distinct changes occurred in the bacterial community in guinea grass silage because of wilting and molasses addition. These changes could explain how lactic acid fermentation was enhanced but could not help determine which bacteria were associated with enhanced acetic acid fermentation. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study reveals the effects of wilting and molasses during ensiling of low DM tropical grasses and the associated bacteria.
Italian ryegrass (IR), whole crop maize (WM), guinea grass (GG) and rhodes grass (RG) were stored in laboratory silos for 30
d with and without
Lactobacillus plantarum or
Lactobacillus brevis ...inoculation. The grasses were wilted to low moisture levels (about 500
g/kg) prior to ensiling, while WM was ensiled directly after harvest. Microbial counts and bacterial community analyses were undertaken by plate-culture and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), respectively, on pre- and post-ensiled crops. A total of 31 DGGE bands were retrieved, cloned, and sequenced to identify bacterial species according to their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Inoculation with
L. plantarum and
L. brevis increased (P<0.05) lactic acid and decreased (P<0.05) 2,3-butanediol contents in wilted grass silages, with higher (P<0.05) contents of lactic acid observed in
L. plantarum-inoculated silages compared to
L. brevis-inoculated silages. Inoculation with
L. brevis increased (P<0.05) both lactic and acetic acid contents in IR silage and intensified lactic acid production in GG and RG silages. Inoculation with either
L. plantarum or
L. brevis did not affect fermentation of WM silage, except that the lactic acid to acetic acid ratio increased (P<0.05) in
L. plantarum-inoculated silage. Differences in inoculation effects could be accounted for by changes in bacterial communities present in the silages. Interestingly, in wilted grass silages, the inoculation nearly eliminated the indigenous communities, leaving the inoculated species as the principal bacteria. In maize silage, desirable bacterial communities were found in untreated control, and the inoculated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were additive to the uninoculated communities. Combination of fermentation product analysis and bacterial community analysis may describe the effects of LAB inoculation on the ensiling process.
Seismographs record earthquakes and also record various types of noise, including anthropogenic noise. In the present study, we analyse the influence of the lockdown due to COVID-19 on the ground ...motion at CSIR-NGRI HYB Seismological Observatory, Hyderabad. We analyse the noise recorded a week before and after the implementation of lockdown by estimating the probability density function of seismic power spectral density and by constructing the daily spectrograms. We find that at low frequency (<1 Hz), where the noise is typically dominated by naturally occurring microseismic noise, a reduction of ~2 dB for secondary microseisms (7–3 s) and at higher frequency (1–10 Hz) a reduction of ~6 dB was observed during the lockdown period. The reduction in higher frequencies corresponding to anthropogenic noise sources led to improving the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) by a factor of 2 which is the frequency bandwidth of the microearthquakes leading to the identification of microearthquakes with Ml around 3 from epicentral distances of 180 km.
In order to promote sustainable midwifery education, it is important to understand what the structural shortcomings are. In this study of 38 public nursing institutions in Bangladesh, we aim to ...identify a number of structural shortcomings and to discuss strategies for limiting them.
An evaluated context-specific accreditation assessment tool consisting of 37 multi-choice closed-response questions encompassing 14 educational standards aligned with international standards for midwifery education programs and competences for midwifery educators was used to assess all public nursing institutions in Bangladesh (n=38), the results of which are presented in simple descriptive statistics; number (n), percentage (%), mean, SD and minimum-maximum value.
Provision around clinical practice sites is the key structural shortcoming within the Bangladeshi midwifery educational system. Twenty-five percent of the institutions provided no opportunity for midwifery students to practice comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care. Twenty-nine per cent of the clinical sites were not aware of the content of midwifery courses and syllabi. Finally, one third of students achieving a midwifery qualification did not meet the learning outcomes to support women in birth.
To measure progress towards national and global milestones to ensure students are equipped with required competencies before graduating as registered midwives will be difficult to meet unless shortcomings within the educational system are addressed. We recommend (i) the inclusion of clinical placement sites in future assessments, (ii) the introduction of an integrated feedback-appeal-response system, and (iii) the development of a system for improved communication links between educational institutions and clinical placement sites.
Incubation centres are gaining significant prominence as they play a crucial role in providing supportive environment and encouraging entrepreneurship among students. Considering its importance, the ...study is intended to offer a thorough knowledge of incubators’ role in promoting entrepreneurship growth using data acquired from Dakshina Kannada Management Institutes. It also intends to investigate the efficacy and success of incubators using a variety of metrics.
This study is based on the mixed-method approach, where specifically the concurrent qual-quant approach is adopted. An in-depth interview was undertaken, and a structured questionnaire was formulated to collect the data from final year Masters’ students from the Management Institutes. Qualitative analysis was narrated and quantitative analysis was carried out using SPSS 26 and AMOS 23, with descriptive statistics, t-test, regression analysis, and SEM which were utilized to evaluate the association between variables.
The study has highlighted the importance of reputation and credibility of the incubation centre, along with the significance of building a strong network as integral factors for learning from it. Overall, the study has found that students’ perception of education collaboration, and policy regulatory framework pertaining to incubation centres highly impacted the effectiveness of the incubation centre, which further enhances its success.
This study helps to handle challenges for young entrepreneurs through proper direction and support, by refining their business ideas and collaborations with local and regional businesses to create a healthy entrepreneurship environment by fostering the integration between government bodies, financial institutions, and venture capitalists with the entrepreneurs and key stakeholders.
As an exceptional highlight than other studies, this study focused on assessing the impact of awareness, perception, education and collaboration, policy and regulatory frameworks, and challenges on the effectiveness of incubators, and success of incubation centre. This has provided the answers to more comprehensive questions pertaining to incubation centre using mixed method approach. The combination of qualitative and quantitative results has identified novel findings which urges the incubation centres to identify the startups with high growth potential where the major challenges lie in convincing the students to implement their own business ideas.
PDF
