Evaluation of disease severity in root systems is usually subjective, based on observation and categorization into an arbitrary scale of several categories. Results obtained using this approach can ...vary according to the observer's experience. A new, simple method for evaluating and quantifying the root severity index (RSI) was developed. This method consists of surrounding the root pan with a transparent film and tracing all roots with a marker. On a second transparency, only healthy roots are traced. Lengths of both healthy and diseased roots are measured with a root length/area meter (Dias II). The method of peripheral root-ball root tracings was evaluated with poinsettias infected with Pythium ultimum (Trow.). Results indicated that it was as effective as the traditional method of determining RSI for total and peripheral roots.
Le lesioni dei nervi periferici, qualunque sia la loro eziologia, possono provocare dei fenomeni dolorosi associati a disturbi della sensibilità. Questi ultimi possono essere nominati in modi ...diversi: ipoestesia, disestesia, iperestesia, allodinia e via dicendo. Noi precisiamo qui, nell’ambito di una sindrome dolorosa neuropatica periferica, i fenomeni di ipoestesia e di allodinia meccanica che sono oggetto di una rieducazione specifica. Numerosi pazienti lamentano la persistenza di dolori che alterano la loro qualità di vita. Alcuni tra questi dolori possono essere accessibili alla metodica di rieducazione sensitiva del dolore. Si tratta di una vera strategia terapeutica basata su una descrizione metodica dei disturbi osservati. Questa strategia consiste nel descrivere inizialmente il fenomeno del dolore e nel ricercare, poi, l’ipoestesia o l’allodinia meccanica di questi pazienti. Una cartografia precisa di questi disturbi permette di attuare le terapie e di seguire l’evoluzione dei disturbi sensitivi. In seguito, sono utilizzate varie tecniche di rieducazione, o per il trattamento dell’ipoestesia o per quello dell’allodinia meccanica. Sono elencati i risultati sullo stato somestesico e sulla riduzione dei dolori neuropatici di diverse coorti di pazienti. Sono discussi i meccanismi neurofisiologici che permettono di spiegare l’evoluzione della sensibilità somatica. La metodica di rieducazione sensitiva deve permettere di individuare meglio i sintomi dolorosi dei pazienti e di proporre loro un trattamento adeguato.
A&A 660, A114 (2022) An accurate covariance matrix is essential for obtaining reliable
cosmological results when using a Gaussian likelihood. In this paper we study
the covariance of pseudo-$C_\ell$ ...estimates of tomographic cosmic shear power
spectra. Using two existing publicly available codes in combination, we
calculate the full covariance matrix, including mode-coupling contributions
arising from both partial sky coverage and non-linear structure growth. For
three different sky masks, we compare the theoretical covariance matrix to that
estimated from publicly available N-body weak lensing simulations, finding good
agreement. We find that as a more extreme sky cut is applied, a corresponding
increase in both Gaussian off-diagonal covariance and non-Gaussian super-sample
covariance is observed in both theory and simulations, in accordance with
expectations. Studying the different contributions to the covariance in detail,
we find that the Gaussian covariance dominates along the main diagonal and the
closest off-diagonals, but further away from the main diagonal the super-sample
covariance is dominant. Forming mock constraints in parameters describing
matter clustering and dark energy, we find that neglecting non-Gaussian
contributions to the covariance can lead to underestimating the true size of
confidence regions by up to 70 per cent. The dominant non-Gaussian covariance
component is the super-sample covariance, but neglecting the smaller connected
non-Gaussian covariance can still lead to the underestimation of uncertainties
by 10--20 per cent. A real cosmological analysis will require marginalisation
over many nuisance parameters, which will decrease the relative importance of
all cosmological contributions to the covariance, so these values should be
taken as upper limits on the importance of each component.
Photodynamic inactivation of Junin virus Fernández Cobo, M; Pasian, E L; de Martínez Segovia, Z M
Medical microbiology and immunology,
01/1986, Letnik:
175, Številka:
2-3
Journal Article
Reported herein is the first Brazilian case of epididymal involvement by South American blastomycosis, and apparently the second case to be reported in the world literature.
The analysis of the molecular composition of serum immune complexes (IC) in autoimmune diseases has assumed growing importance in the evaluation of their clinical significance and possible ...pathogenetic role. Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinemia (EMC) is typically a disorder characterized by the presence of high levels of IC with pathogenic action, by reduced serum complement levels and by an antiglobulin activity of the cryoprecipitable IgM. In this report we refer on the preliminary results of a study on the molecular composition of the cryoprecipitable IC isolated from the serum of five patients with EMC. The methodology we adopted involves the solubilization at 37 degrees C of the washed cryoprecipitates and the purification of the IgG-containing IC by affinity chromatography through a Protein A-Sepharose CL4B column. The analysis of the molecular component was carried out by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel containing sodium-dodecyl-sulphate (SDS-PAGE) followed by Immun-Blot. Our results, although very preliminary, suggest that this kind of study appears really suitable for the detection of specific antibody or antigenic components in the IC molecules involved in the etiopathogenesis of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia.
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