This article provides a classification of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and its 3 main variants to improve the uniformity of case reporting and the reliability of research results. Criteria for ...the 3 variants of PPA--nonfluent/agrammatic, semantic, and logopenic--were developed by an international group of PPA investigators who convened on 3 occasions to operationalize earlier published clinical descriptions for PPA subtypes. Patients are first diagnosed with PPA and are then divided into clinical variants based on specific speech and language features characteristic of each subtype. Classification can then be further specified as "imaging-supported" if the expected pattern of atrophy is found and "with definite pathology" if pathologic or genetic data are available. The working recommendations are presented in lists of features, and suggested assessment tasks are also provided. These recommendations have been widely agreed upon by a large group of experts and should be used to ensure consistency of PPA classification in future studies. Future collaborations will collect prospective data to identify relationships between each of these syndromes and specific biomarkers for a more detailed understanding of clinicopathologic correlations.
There are spatial and temporal links between some mass strandings of cetaceans - predominantly beaked whales - and the deployment of military sonar. Here we present evidence of acute and chronic ...tissue damage in stranded cetaceans that results from the formation in vivo of gas bubbles, challenging the view that these mammals do not suffer decompression sickness. The incidence of such cases during a naval sonar exercise indicates that acoustic factors could be important in the aetiology of bubble-related disease and may call for further environmental regulation of such activity.
The recent discovery of more than a thousand planets outside our Solar System, together with the significant push to achieve inertially confined fusion in the laboratory, has prompted a renewed ...interest in how dense matter behaves at millions to billions of atmospheres of pressure. The theoretical description of such electron-degenerate matter has matured since the early quantum statistical model of Thomas and Fermi, and now suggests that new complexities can emerge at pressures where core electrons (not only valence electrons) influence the structure and bonding of matter. Recent developments in shock-free dynamic (ramp) compression now allow laboratory access to this dense matter regime. Here we describe ramp-compression measurements for diamond, achieving 3.7-fold compression at a peak pressure of 5 terapascals (equivalent to 50 million atmospheres). These equation-of-state data can now be compared to first-principles density functional calculations and theories long used to describe matter present in the interiors of giant planets, in stars, and in inertial-confinement fusion experiments. Our data also provide new constraints on mass-radius relationships for carbon-rich planets.
Talking to Strangers Patterson, J. R
World literature today,
07/2023, Letnik:
97, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
By thinking long-term, historical past-modern love being an extension of medieval ideas of courtly love, for instance-he surmised that conversation, and nurturing the art of conversation, is the best ...way to transform our lives in a meaningful way. With nothing to lose and everything to gain, the stranger can bare their soul and leave whenever they like, feeling the thrill and lightness brought on by their openness. Over the evening, she described her parents, their religiosity, their diet of Fox News, the 35mm snapshots she kept of them-her most treasured item; her recently jettisoned engagement; her desire for control that bordered on obsessive; her growing interest in socialism after learning about Austria's national health service (not something she relished talking about at home during Fox commercial breaks). Zeldin wrote several books on the art of conversation, speaking to people for whom it is a central need in life.
A typical progression occurs: storms, shipwreck, discovery, and the founding of Barca Nona, the ninth ship. High emotion breeds art, and in a country that has made high emotion a national pride, ...Catalonia is something of a trendsetter. Besides being the home of that one temperamental, innovative artist (and that other one), it has birthed a literature of hope and scandal. There was a small section set aside for other languages (among them, Castilian Spanish), given over exclusively to translations of Catalan writers.
Bordeaux Patterson, J. R
World literature today,
05/2024, Letnik:
98, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
For reasons unknown, he walked the six hundred miles from his home in Nürtingen, Germany, to his new appointment, shivering over the mountains and sleeping on the ground with a loaded pistol in his ...hand. Hölderlin lost his sense of life. In France, living well is sensory: visual (womens eyes penciled like Egyptian ankhs), auditory (the generous use of Madame and Monsieur), and gustatory, which for us meant good coffee, croissants that pulled apart like honeycomb, and the local wine, both hard and smooth, like an iron fist in a velvet glove.
Both the generation and the analysis of proteomics data are now widespread, and high-throughput approaches are commonplace. Protocols continue to increase in complexity as methods and technologies ...evolve and diversify. To encourage the standardized collection, integration, storage and dissemination of proteomics data, the Human Proteome Organization's Proteomics Standards Initiative develops guidance modules for reporting the use of techniques such as gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. This paper describes the processes and principles underpinning the development of these modules; discusses the ramifications for various interest groups such as experimentalists, funders, publishers and the private sector; addresses the issue of overlap with other reporting guidelines; and highlights the criticality of appropriate tools and resources in enabling 'MIAPE-compliant' reporting.
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a carbohydrate polymer critical for neuronal cell migration and axon pathfinding in embryonic development. Besides brain regions requiring persistent neuronal plasticity, ...polySia is essentially absent from the adult body. However, polySia is aberrantly re-expressed on many tumours, where it decorates the surface of NCAM (neuronal cell adhesion molecule) and modulates cell adhesion, migration and invasion. PolySia-NCAM expression is strongly associated with poor clinical prognosis and correlates with aggressive and invasive disease in many cancers, including lung cancer, neuroblastoma and gliomas. The synthesis of polySia is mediated by two polysialyltransferases (polySTs), ST8SiaIV (PST) and particularly ST8SiaII (STX) in cancer cells. The demonstration that polyST knock-down negates events associated with tumour cell dissemination indicates that PST and STX are validated targets. Selective inhibition of polySTs therefore presents a therapeutic opportunity to inhibit tumour invasion and metastasis.
PDF
