Coherent imaging at the Diamond beamline I13 Rau, Christoph; Wagner, Ulrich; Pešić, Zoran ...
Physica status solidi. A, Applications and materials science,
November 2011, Letnik:
208, Številka:
11
Journal Article
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The Diamond beamline I13 for imaging and coherence applications is dedicated to hard X‐ray imaging on the micro and nano‐lengthscale. Two independent stations will be operated in a separate building ...at a distance of 250 m from the source. The imaging branch will perform in‐line phase contrast imaging and tomography over a large field of view in the 6–35 keV energy range. In addition it will be possible to switch to full‐field microscopy with 50 nm spatial resolution. Other microscopies will be developed according to the scientific needs. Resolution beyond the limitations given by the detector and X‐ray optics will be achieved on the ‘coherence’ branch. Techniques working in the far field such as Coherent X‐Ray Diffraction and other Coherent Diffraction Imaging techniques such as ptychography will be implemented. Typical applications cover different fields such as bio‐medicine, materials science, geo‐ and astrophysics or even cultural heritage. The beamline hosts a number of innovative features such as the so‐called ‘mini‐beta’ layout for electron optics in the storage ring or new concepts for beamline instrumentation. The stations will be operational in 2011.
We present a combined theoretical and experimental absolute differential (DCS) and integral (ICS) cross sections for elastic electron scattering from halothane molecule in the intermediate energy ...range from 50 to 300 eV, which is motivated by its evident impact on global warming and ozone depletion. Experiments were carried out in the angular range from 20 to 110 degrees using a crossed-beam-based equipment. Using argon as the reference gas, relative DCSs were normalized on an absolute scale using the relative flow technique. These DCSs were then extrapolated and integrated to generate experimental ICS. With the use of an independent atom model and the screening corrected additivity rule with interference effects incorporated (IAM-SCAR+I), the theoretical differential and integral cross sections were calculated. In the whole energy and angular range, calculated cross sections agree well with experimental measurements.
The author examines the morality of U.S. policy in the aggression against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in 1999, using criteria for evaluating the morality of the U.S. president’s policy ...proposed by Joseph Nye (Joseph S. Nye Jr.). The aggression against FRY is controversial, particularly its a priori determined moral character and the designation of humanitarian intervention. Our main goal is to demonstrate the unsustainability of the assessment of the moral justification of the aggression precisely according to his criteria. Therefore, our hypothetical starting point is that if morality is present in the foreign policy of the U.S. president, the criteria by which Joseph Nye evaluates each president will also show whether the policy that is directly related to the aggression against FRY is also moral. After explaining the theoretical-methodological approach, and presenting the attitudes towards morality of the most important theories of international relations, the paper presents an analysis of the morality of aggression conducted on the basis of intentions, means, and consequences. In relation to this, we examined the deontological and consequentialist sustainability of the morality of aggression according to the proposed criteria and questions. It was concluded that there is no ethical justification for aggression, unless achieving political interests is valued as morally acceptable in the spirit of consequentialist ethics.
Periodontitis is a local inflammatory process mediating destruction of periodontal tissues triggered by bacterial insult. However, this disease is also characterized by systemic inflammatory host ...responses that may contrbute, in part, to the recently reported increased risk for systemic diseases, including an altered lipid metabolism. On the other hand, many people in the world are affected by hyperlipidemia, which is a known risk faktor for atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between periodontal disease and blood lipid levels.
A total of 50 patients with periodontitis included in this study had no documented history of recent acute coronary events. The healthy, non-periodontal subjects (comparison group) comprised 25 subjects. All the patients were periodontology examined and completed a medical history. Dental plaque index, probing depth, gingival index bleeding on probing and clinical attechment levels were recorded. Blood samples were taken on admission for measurements of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, hight density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol).
The obtained results showed that mean levels of cholesterol (6.09 +/- 1.61 mmol/L), triglycerdes (2.19 +/- 1.67 mmol/l) and LDL cholesterol (4.09 +/- 1.40 mmol/L) in individuals with periodontitis were higer, and levels od HDL (1.43 +/- 0.51 mmol/L) was lower than those of individuals without periodontitis (4.86 +/- 1.37; 1.14 +/- 0.71; 3.18 +/- 0.64; 1.53 +/- 0.32 mmol/L, respectively).
This study confirms a significant relationship between periodontal disease, regardless its intensity, and blood lipid levels in the studied population. The results imply that periodontitis may be a risk factor and may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, future prospective randomized studies have to determine whether periodontal disease is a risk factor for the occurence of CVD.
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