Background
The vast majority of individuals who come to the emergency department (ED) for care after a motor vehicle collision (MVC) are diagnosed with musculoskeletal strain only and are discharged ...to home. A significant subset of this population will still develop persistent pain and posttraumatic psychological sequelae may play an important role in pain persistence.
Methods
We conducted a multisite longitudinal cohort study of adverse post‐traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae among patients seeking ED treatment in the aftermath of a traumatic life experience. We report on a sub‐group of patients (n = 666) presenting after an MVC, the most common type of trauma and we examine associations of socio‐demographic and MVC characteristics, and persistent pain 8 weeks after MVC. We also examine the degree to which these associations are related to peritraumatic psychological symptoms and 2‐week acute stress reactions using an applied approach.
Results
Eight‐week prevalence of persistent moderate or severe pain was high (67.4%) and positively associated with patient sex (female), older age, low socioeconomic status (education and income) and pain severity in the ED. Peritraumatic stress symptoms (distress and dissociation) appear to exert some influence on both acute pain and the transition from acute to persistent pain.
Discussion and Conclusions
The early aftermath of an MVC may be an important time period for intervening to prevent and reduce persistent pain. Substantial variation in mediating pathways across predictors also suggests potential diverse and complex underlying biological and psychological pathogenic processes are at work in the early weeks following trauma.
Significance
The first several days after trauma may dictate recovery trajectories. Persistent pain, pain lasting beyond the expected time of recovery, is associated with pain early in the recovery period, but also mediated through other pathways. Future work is needed to understand the complex neurobiological processes in involved in the development of persistent and acute post‐traumatic pain.
Equal amounts of matter and antimatter are predicted to have been produced in the Big Bang, but our observable Universe is clearly matter-dominated. One of the prerequisites for understanding this ...elimination of antimatter is the nonconservation of charge-parity (CP) symmetry. So far, two types of CP violation have been observed in the neutral K meson (K0) and B meson (B0) systems: CP violation involving the mixing between K0 and its antiparticle (and likewise for B0 and ), and direct CP violation in the decay of each meson. The observed effects for both types of CP violation are substantially larger for the B0 meson system. However, they are still consistent with the standard model of particle physics, which has a unique source of CP violation that is known to be too small to account for the matter-dominated Universe. Here we report that the direct CP violation in charged B±→K± 0 decay is different from that in the neutral B0 counterpart. The direct CP-violating decay rate asymmetry, (that is, the difference between the number of observed B-→K- 0 event versus B+→K+ 0 events, normalized to the sum of these events) is measured to be about +7%, with an uncertainty that is reduced by a factor of 1.7 from a previous measurement. However, the asymmetry for versus B0→K+ - is at the -10% level. Although it is susceptible to strong interaction effects that need further clarification, this large deviation in direct CP violation between charged and neutral B meson decays could be an indication of new sources of CP violation-which would help to explain the dominance of matter in the Universe.
Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic ...stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time.
As part of the multisite, longitudinal AURORA study, we investigated racial/ethnic differences in PTSD and related outcomes within 3 months after trauma. Participants (
= 930) were recruited from emergency departments across the USA and provided periodic (2 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months after trauma) self-report assessments of PTSD, depression, dissociation, anxiety, and resilience. Linear models were completed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic dysfunction with subsequent follow-up models assessing potential effects of prior life stressors.
Racial/ethnic groups did not differ in symptoms over time; however, Black participants showed reduced posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms overall compared to Hispanic participants and White participants. Racial/ethnic differences were not attenuated after accounting for differences in sociodemographic factors. However, racial/ethnic differences in depression and anxiety were no longer significant after accounting for greater prior trauma exposure and childhood emotional abuse in White participants.
The present findings suggest prior differences in previous trauma exposure partially mediate the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms following a recent trauma. Our findings further demonstrate that racial/ethnic groups show similar rates of symptom recovery over time. Future work utilizing longer time-scale data is needed to elucidate potential racial/ethnic differences in long-term symptom trajectories.
The NOMAD Collaboration presents a study of opposite sign dimuon events in the framework of Leading Order QCD. A total of 2714 neutrino- and 115 antineutrino-induced opposite sign dimuon events with
...E
μ1
,
E
μ2
>4.5 GeV, 15<
E
ν
<300 GeV and
Q
2>1
(
GeV/
c)
2
are observed in the Front-Calorimeter of NOMAD during the 1995 and 1996 runs. The analysis yields a value for the charm quark mass of
m
c=1.3
+0.3+0.3
−0.3−0.3
GeV/
c
2
and for the average semileptonic branching ratio of
B
c
=0.095
+0.007+0.014
−0.007−0.013. The ratio of the strange to non-strange sea in the nucleon is measured to be
κ=0.48
+0.09+0.17
−0.07−0.12. The measured rate of charm-induced dimuon relative to single muon, as a function of neutrino energy, is consistent with the slow rescaling hypothesis of heavy quark production.
Study of τ−→KSπ−ντ decay at Belle Epifanov, D.; Aihara, H.; Aulchenko, V. ...
Physics letters. B,
10/2007, Letnik:
654, Številka:
3-4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We present a study of the decay τ−→KSπ−ντ using a 351 fb−1 data sample collected with the Belle detector. The analysis is based on 53,110 lepton-tagged signal events. The measured branching fraction ...B(τ−→KSπ−ντ)=(0.404±0.002(stat.)±0.013(syst.))% is consistent with the world average value and has better accuracy. An analysis of the KSπ− invariant mass spectrum reveals contributions from the K∗(892)− as well as other states. For the first time the K∗(892)− mass and width have been measured in τ decay: M(K∗(892)−)=(895.47±0.20(stat.)±0.44(syst.)±0.59(mod.)) MeV/c2, Γ(K∗(892)−)=(46.2±0.6(stat.)±1.0(syst.)±0.7(mod.)) MeV. The K∗(892)− mass is significantly different from the current world average value.
We present a measurement of the muon neutrino–nucleon inclusive charged current cross section, off an isoscalar target, in the neutrino energy range 2.5⩽Eν⩽40 GeV. The significance of this ...measurement is its precision, ±4% in 2.5⩽Eν⩽10 GeV, and ±2.6% in 10⩽Eν⩽40 GeV regions, where significant uncertainties in previous experiments still exist, and its importance to the current and proposed long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.
We report on a search for the lepton flavor violating τ−→μ−γ and τ−→e−γ decays based on 535 fb−1 of data accumulated at the Belle experiment. No signal is found and we set 90% confidence level upper ...limits on the branching ratios B(τ−→μ−γ)<4.5×10−8 and B(τ−→e−γ)<1.2×10−7.
We present the results of a search for nu_mu → nu_e oscillations in the NOMAD experiment at Cern. The experiment looked for the appearance of nu_e in a predominantly nu_mu wide-band neutrino beam at ...the CERN SPS. No evidence for oscillations was found. The 90% confidence limits obtained are Delta m^2 < 0.4 eV^2 for maximal mixing and sin^2(2theta) < 1.4 X 10^-3 for large Delta m^2. This result excludes the LSND allowed region of oscillation parameters with Delta m^2 >~ 10 eV^2.
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