Histone acetyltransferases (
HATs
) and histone deacetylases (
HDACs
) contribute to plant growth, development, and stress responses. A number of
HAT
and
HDAC
genes have been identified in several ...plants. However, wheat
HATs
and
HDACs
have not been comprehensively characterized. In this study, 30
TaHAT
genes and 53
TaHDAC
genes were detected in the wheat genome. As described in other plants,
TaHATs
were classified into four subfamilies (i.e., GNAT, p300/CBP, MYST, and TAFII250) and
TaHDACs
were divided into three subfamilies (i.e., RPD3/HDA1, HD2, and SIR2). Phylogenetic and conserved domain analyses showed that
TaHATs
and
TaHDACs
are highly similar to those in
Arabidopsis
and rice; however, divergence and expansion from
Arabidopsis
and rice were also observed. We detected many stress-related cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions of these genes (i.e., ABRE, STRE, MYB, etc.). Further, based on a comparative expression analyses of three varieties with different degrees of drought resistance under drought stress, we found that
TaHAG2
,
TaHAG3
,
TaHAC2
,
TaHDA18
,
TaHDT1
, and
TaHDT2
are likely regulate drought stress in wheat.
Soybean (
) is a major protein and oil crop. Soybean basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are involved in many regulatory pathways, including yield, stress responses, ...environmental signaling, and carbon-nitrogen balance. Here, we discuss the members of the soybean bZIP family and their classification: 161 members have been identified and clustered into 13 groups. Our review of the transcriptional regulation and functions of soybean bZIP members provides important information for future study of bZIP transcription factors and genetic resources for soybean breeding.
Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), an odd-chain saturated fatty acid (OCSFA) in ruminant lipid, has been demonstrated to be potential for treating cancers. Our results also showed that sheep tail fat (STF) ...with higher level of C17:0-containing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) whereas lower level of oleic acid (C18:1), performed remarkable inhibition against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. To enrich the content of C17:0, a C17:0-rich SFA concentrate (HRSC) was prepared from STF by solvent crystallization and urea complexation methods (hexane/STF = 3.5/1, 4 °C for 8 h, and 80% ethanol/urea/free fatty acids = 8/1/1, 4 °C for 6 h). The content of C17:0 was up from 3.02 to 6.34% and the recovery was 4.17%. Biological experiments showed that HRSC exerted better antiproliferative effect against NSCLC cells. Moreover, HRSC performed enhanced inhibitory effect in A549 cell xenograft mouse model. Therefore, HRSC has the potential to be applied in adjuvant therapy for NSCLC.
Cotton is an important cash crop. The fiber length has always been a hot spot, but multi-factor control of fiber quality makes it complex to understand its genetic basis. Previous reports suggested ...that OsGASR9 promotes germination, width, and thickness by GAs in rice, while the overexpression of AtGASA10 leads to reduced silique length, which is likely to reduce cell wall expansion. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the function of GhGASA10 in cotton fibers development. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying fiber elongation regulation concerning GhGASA10-1, we revealed an evolutionary basis, gene structure, and expression. Our results emphasized the conservative nature of GASA family with its origin in lower fern plants S. moellendorffii. GhGASA10-1 was localized in the cell membrane, which may synthesize and transport secreted proteins to the cell wall. Besides, GhGASA10-1 promoted seedling germination and root extension in transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating that GhGASA10-1 promotes cell elongation. Interestingly, GhGASA10-1 was upregulated by IAA at fiber elongation stages. We propose that GhGASA10-1 may promote fiber elongation by regulating the synthesis of cellulose induced by IAA, to lay the foundation for future research on the regulation networks of GASA10-1 in cotton fiber development.
Increasing evidence suggests that numerous edible oils may function as adjuvant dietary therapies to treat cancer. We previously reported that the odd-chain saturated fatty acid (OCSFA), ...heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), profoundly inhibits non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation. However, the antitumor potential of edible lipids rich in C17:0 remains unclear. Here, we determined that sheep tail fat (STF) is a dietary lipid rich in C17:0 and exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect against three NSCLC cell lines (A549, PC-9, and PC-9/GR) among common dietary lipids. Cell migration experiments demonstrated that STF could significantly inhibit the wound healing capacity of three NSCLC cell lines by promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent cell death. Mechanistic studies showed that STF suppressed NSCLC cell growth by downregulating the Akt/S6K signaling pathway. Furthermore, administration of STF reduced tumor growth, weight, and expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 in nude mice bearing A549 xenografts. Collectively, our data show that STF has antitumor activity against NSCLC, implying that dietary intake of C17:0-rich STF may be a potential adjuvant therapy for NSCLC.
Acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) is a recurrent phenomenon during clinical therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Studies have ...shown that HER2 is a key factor contributing to drug resistance in a variety of cancers. Furthermore, we have observed that HER2 is overexpressed in PC-9 NSCLC cells with acquired gefitinib-resistance (PC-9/GR) as compared to that in PC-9 cells.
We hypothesized that blocking both EGFR and HER2 may serve as a potential strategy for the treatment of NSCLC with acquired gefitinib-resistance.
To target both EGFR and HER2 simultaneously, we developed a bispecific antibody HE
, which was derived from a humanized Cetuximab and Trastuzumab. The binding affinity of HECrossMAb for EGFR and HER2 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The MTT assay was used to determine the effect of HE
on the proliferation of PC-9 and PC-9/GR cells in vitro. Finally, the effect of HE
on PI3K/AKT signaling and associated transcription factors was measured using western blot analysis.
Our results showed that HE
exerts enhanced cytotoxicity in both PC-9 and PC-9/GR cells by inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling and expression of relevant transcription factors such as AEG-1, c-Myc, and c-Fos.
Our results suggest that HE
may function as a potential therapeutic agent for treating NSCLC overexpressing EGFR and HER2.
Abstract
Background
Cotton fibers are single-celled extensions of the seed epidermis, a model tissue for studying cytoskeleton.
Tubulin
genes play a critical role in synthesizing the microtubules ...(MT) as a core element of the cytoskeleton. However, there is a lack of studies concerning the systematic characterization of the tubulin gene family in cotton. Therefore, the identification and portrayal of
G. hirsutum tubulin
genes can provide key targets for molecular manipulation in cotton breeding.
Result
In this study, we investigated all
tubulin
genes from different plant species and identified 98
tubulin
genes in
G. hirsutum
. Phylogenetic analysis showed that
tubulin
family genes were classified into three subfamilies. The protein motifs and gene structure of α-, β-
tubulin
genes are more conserved compared with γ-
tubulin
genes. Most
tubulin
genes are located at the proximate ends of the chromosomes. Spatiotemporal expression pattern by transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that 12 α-
tubulin
and 7 β-
tubulin
genes are specifically expressed during different fiber development stages. However,
Gh.A03G027200
,
Gh.D03G169300,
and
Gh.A11G258900
had differential expression patterns at distinct stages of fiber development in varieties J02508 and ZRI015.
Conclusion
In this study, the evolutionary analysis showed that the
tubulin
genes were divided into three clades. The genetic structures and molecular functions were highly conserved in different plants. Three candidate genes,
Gh.A03G027200
,
Gh.D03G169300,
and
Gh.A11G258900
may play a key role during fiber development complementing fiber length and strength.
Photosynthesis is the fundamental basis of plant growth and development, and the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency can therefore promote increased crop yields. In this study, a comparative ...analysis of photosynthetic physiology and transcriptome was conducted between the high photosynthetic efficient variety BN207 and its parents BN64 and ZM16. The higher chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and Lhcb1 protein accumulation in BN207 improved photosynthetic efficiency by promoting light energy absorption and conversion. Chloroplasts being distributed more closely to the cell membrane and the higher Rubisco enzyme activity of BN207 enhanced carbon assimilation, resulting in more carbohydrate accumulation in BN207. Transcriptome analysis revealed that there were several key genes mediating the high photosynthetic efficiency of BN207: TraesCS5D02G364100 (chlorophyllase), BGI_novel_G006617 (lycopene ɛ-cyclase), TraesCS4A02G034800 and TraesCS4A02G035100 (Zeaxanthin epoxidase), TraesCS6B02G122500 (light-harvesting complex II chlorophyll a/b binding protein 1). These genes improved the photosynthetic efficiency of BN207 mainly by reducing chlorophyll degradation, promoting carotenoid synthesis, and increasing Lhcb1 protein accumulation. These findings provide important background information for the cultivation of wheat varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency.
Abstract
Advanced multi-omics technologies offer much information that can uncover the regulatory mechanisms from genotype to phenotype. In soybean, numerous multi-omics databases have been ...published. Although they cover multiple omics, there are still limitations when it comes to the types and scales of omics datasets and analysis methods utilized. This study aims to address these limitations by collecting and integrating a comprehensive set of multi-omics datasets. This includes 38 genomes, transcriptomes from 435 tissue samples, 125 phenotypes from 6686 accessions, epigenome data involving histone modification, transcription factor binding, chromosomal accessibility and chromosomal interaction, as well as genetic variation data from 24 501 soybean accessions. Then, common analysis pipelines and statistical methods were applied to mine information from these multi-omics datasets, resulting in the successful establishment of a user-friendly multi-omics database called SoyMD (https://yanglab.hzau.edu.cn/SoyMD/#/). SoyMD provides researchers with efficient query options and analysis tools, allowing them to swiftly access relevant omics information and conduct comprehensive multi-omics data analyses. Another notable feature of SoyMD is its capability to facilitate the analysis of candidate genes, as demonstrated in the case study on seed oil content. This highlights the immense potential of SoyMD in soybean genetic breeding and functional genomics research.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
9-cis-epoxy carotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is a fundamental enzyme, which plays an essential role in the process of organ development and stress resistance by regulating abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis ...in plant. In this study, a total of 7, 7, 14 and 14 NCED genes were identified from the genomes of G. arboreum, G. raimondii, G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, respectively. Phylogenetic tree showed that all forty-two NCED genes could be classified into three groups in cotton genus. Collinear analysis revealed that the NCED genes in G. hirsutum were not amplified by tandem repeats after polyploidy events. The function of NCED genes was evaluated between two accessions with contrasting plant height. The results showed that expression of the NCED genes in dwarf accession was higher than that in taller ones. GhNCED1-silenced cotton plants confirmed that suppression of NCED genes could increase the plant height, but reduce the resistance abilities to drought and salt stress. Our study systematically identified the homologs of NCED genes and their functions in cotton, which could provide new genetic resources for improving plant height and stress in future cotton breeding.
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