This study is aimed at testing the reciprocal relationships between teacher burnout, psychopathological symptoms, and negative student-related emotions, and to explore the protective role of ...resilience in these aspects of teachers' psychological well-being. A study based on a two-wave panel design was conducted among 941 school teachers at two points in time with a time lag of approximately 6 months. Structural equation modelling was employed to investigate the cross-lagged relations between study variables across time. The obtained results highlighted the adverse effect of burnout in predicting teachers' subsequent emotions and psychopathological symptoms. Teachers with higher burnout levels assessed at Time 1, also had higher levels of negative emotions towards their students and more psychopathological symptoms than at Time 2. Finally, the higher levels of perceived resilience predicted lower levels of negative emotions, burnout, and psychopathological symptoms, but only when assessed at the same time point.
In the past twenty years, educational researchers have intensely focused their interest on numerous internal and external factors that contribute to a students' academic achievement. In particular, ...some research has explored the relationship between students' motivational beliefs (e.g. self-efficacy, control perceptions, learning goal orientations) and their academic achievement, while others have investigated the role of students' personality traits in that achievement. However, not much research has examined the relationship between the Big Five traits, academic motivation, and academic achievement within the same study (Komarraju, Karau, & Schmeck, 2009). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether achievement goal orientations mediate the relationship between personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability and Intellect) and academic achievement.
The participants were 501 (160 boys and 341 girls; Mage=16.19) high school students in Croatia. They answered questions about their final mid-term grade in chemistry (the Croatian academic grade scale ranges from 1-fail to 5-excellent) and completed two questionnaires: The IPIP Big-Five factor markers (Goldberg, 1999) and the Achievement Goals Questionnaire (Rovan & Jelić, 2010).
The mediation analysis (a bootstrapping method) revealed that learning approach, performance-approach and work-avoidance goal orientations fully mediate the relationship between students' personality traits and their academic achievement, but only for Conscientiousness.
•Correlations between goal orientations support the theories of multiple goal orientations.•Conscientiousness and Extraversion predict academic achievement.•Approaching goal orientations facilitate academic achievement.•All three goal orientations mediate between Conscientiousness and academic achievement.
The goals of this research were to explore emotion-regulation strategies typically used by teachers in their workplace and to operationalize them in a conceptually meaningful and psychometrically ...sound way. Based on the assumptions of the process model of emotion regulation and a series of three empirical studies (N1 = 25, N2 = 611, N3 = 309), and by implementing the mixed-method approach, a context-specific scale aimed at measuring five distinct emotion-regulation strategies, namely avoiding situations, active modification strategy, reappraisal, suppression, and tension reduction, was developed. All scales had adequate psychometric characteristics and were meaningfully related to the external variables examined.
Educational settings provide a great source of diverse emotions which need to be regulated. To examine the complex relations between emotional, cognitive and motivational aspects of learning, ...appropriate measures of emotion regulation in an academic context are mandatory. Thus, the aim of this research was to develop a psychometrically sound and contextually specific multidimensional self-report instrument aimed at assessing the specific emotion regulation strategies that students predominantly implement in various academic situations. Based on the theoretical assumptions of the process model of emotion regulation and a series of four empirical studies conducted on separate samples of high-school and university students (N1=20, N2=1030, N3=359 and N4=230), by combining both qualitative and quantitative data, the Academic Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (AERQ) was designed. The instrument contains 8 scales, each measuring a separate emotion regulation strategy: avoiding situations, developing competences, redirecting attention, reappraisal, suppression, respiration, venting, and seeking social support. All scales had adequate psychometric characteristics and were meaningfully related to the external variables examined (i.e. gender, cognitive appraisals, achievement emotions, academic achievement and goal orientations).
•Academic Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (AERQ) was developed.•The AERQ assess eight conceptually and empirically distinct ER strategies.•The AERQ scales have sufficient psychometric properties.•The AERQ scales are meaningfully related to examined external variables.•The AERQ scales predict academic variables above the existing measures of ER.
Seafaring is characterized by specific stressors and health risks.
The purpose of this article was to compare the prevalence of various lifestyle factors between the shipping and home environments, ...and in addition to test the relations between lifestyle factors, perceived stress on board, and health in seafarers.
A total of 530 Croatian seafarers participated in an on-line survey. The questionnaire contained requests for demographic data and a set of questions relating to lifestyle, stress on board, physical health symptoms, and mental health.
The data showed higher sleep deprivation, higher levels of smoking and unhealthier diet at sea than at home, with prevalence of alcohol consumption and physical exercise being more favourable for the shipping environment. Sleep deprivation, unhealthy diet, lack of physical exercise, and smoking are shown as negative correlates of various measures of health. Stress on board was associated with sleep deprivation and unhealthy diet, and with more unfavourable physical and mental health.
The results give practical implications for promoting health in seafarers. Some of the lifestyle factors tested, such as alcohol use, smoking and physical exercise, fall rather under individual control, but others, such as a healthy, balanced diet on board and sleeping hygiene at sea, should be improved by shipping management.
The aim of this study was to examine the reciprocal relations between discrete emotions that teachers typically experience while teaching and interacting with students (i.e., joy, love, anger, and ...hopelessness) and emotional labour strategies (i.e., deep acting and two forms of surface acting—hiding feelings and faking emotions) over time. To address these research aims, two‐wave panel design and cross‐lagged structural equation modeling were implemented. An initial sample of 2,022 teachers filled in questionnaires with a time lag of 6 months. The results showed that teachers' emotions and emotional labour are related to each other over time. Love positively predicted deep acting and anger positively predicted hiding feelings and faking emotion over time. The opposite direction of association was also established—deep acting positively predicted joy, whereas hiding feelings positively predicted hopelessness. The results highlight the importance of taking a discrete approach to emotions and triadic approach to emotional labour when examining their reciprocal relations and may have important practical implications in promoting teachers' emotional well‐being.
Kako izgleda vođa? Banai, Benjamin; Penezić, Zvjezdan
Psihologijske teme,
12/2019, Letnik:
28, Številka:
3
Journal Article
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Ljudsko je lice spolno dimorfna karakteristika, a morfologija lica povezana je s različitim biološkim markerima. Prilikom percepcije lica druge osobe pojedinci stvaraju dojmove o spolu, dobi, ...etničkoj pripadnosti, ali i emocionalnim stanjima i osobinama ličnosti te osobe. Ovaj je proces automatski, iznimno brz i uključen je u sve situacije socijalne interakcije. Brojna istraživanja upućuju na to da ljudi imaju pristranosti prema određenim fenotipima lica prilikom donošenja odluke o tome tko bi trebao biti vođa njihove grupe, bilo da je riječ o ekonomskim ili političkim grupama. U ovom će preglednom radu biti prikazani nalazi koji iz perspektive evolucijske psihologije pokušavaju razjasniti nastanak i funkciju spomenutih pristranosti. Kao glavni teorijski okviri bit će predstavljeni: evolucijska teorija vodstva, biosocijalni model kategorizacije vođa te hipoteza evolucijske kontingencije. Nadalje, bit će opisana istraživanja koja pokazuju da ljudi preferiraju vođe s licima koja izgledaju kompetentno, ovisno o kontekstu muževno ili ženstveno, te privlačno. Na koncu, bit će prikazani određeni nedostaci istraživanja u ovom području, zajedno sa smjernicama za buduća istraživanja.
Human face is a sexually dimorphic trait, and its morphology is related to various biological markers. During face perception, people make several inferences about others, such as sex, age, ethnicity, emotional state or personality traits. This process is automatic and rapid, and is included in all forms of social interactions. Some studies indicate that people have certain biases towards specific facial phenotypes during decision-making about who is the best candidate to be a group leader in an economic or political context. In this review paper, origins and functions of aforementioned biases will be discussed from an evolutionary psychological perspective. Evolutionary leadership theory, biosocial leadership categorization model and evolutionary-contingency hypothesis will be presented as the main theoretical frameworks in the field. Moreover, findings regarding bias towards perceived facial competence, masculinity-femininity and attractiveness will be described. Lastly, some limitations in the field will be addressed, together with the recommendations for future studies.
The school principal's job, which is extremely stressful even in "normal conditions", is currently even more stressful due to the changes brought to the educational system by the Covid- -19 pandemic, ...that is, due to the requirements for the fast and successful organization and implementation of distance (online) education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the extent to which the principals' personal characteristics (gender, age, ICT competencies, self-efficacy, work efficiency, support for teacher autonomy, positive and negative affect) together with some contextual characteristics (school size) contribute to the principals' burnout, that is, to emotional exhaustion as a key dimension of burnout. The sample consisted of 206 principals (of which 74 (35.9%) were men) who completed an online questionnaire during the implementation of online education due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that for the emotional exhaustion of principals, in the situations of online education due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the most important predictors were their ICT skills and the negative affect that they experience at work. Additionally, negative affect completely mediated the relationship between the principals' self-efficacy and their emotional exhaustion at work.
In academic settings, emotions can arise in a variety of contexts and have adverse and interfering effects on learning and performance, especially those of negative valence. Thus, the investigation ...of their personal antecedents and different strategies implemented by students in order to regulate them, are important topics of research. The aim of this study was to examine the unique contribution of Big Five personality traits (as distal personal antecedents of emotions), cognitive control and value appraisals (as their proximal antecedents) and students' tendencies to reappraise or suppress their emotions (as most important emotion regulation strategies) for experiencing academic emotions of unhappiness, anger, anxiety and humiliation. The sample consisted of 500 high school students who completed the self-report questionnaire during their regular scheduled classes. The series of multiple hierarchical regression analyses showed that all groups of predictors have made significant and independent contribution to the explanation of all analysed emotions. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
To Do or not to Do Dujmovic, Marin; Penezic, Zvjezdan
Psihologijske teme,
05/2017, Letnik:
26, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Paper
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Research into inhibition processes has been very fertile in modern psychology, especially with the more common use of advanced methods such as functional brain imaging. Despite all the advances made ...many questions still remain concerning the nature of inhibition processes and the very existence of inhibition. The term inhibition is widely used in everyday life with many meanings which is reflected in the many definitions and methods used to investigate inhibition in psychology. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between inhibition processes and extraversion. Participants (N=50) completed the Croatian version of the HEXACO-PI-R personality inventory (60 item version). Cognitive inhibition was measured with a location based inhibition of return task while behavioral inhibition was measured with a nonverbal Stroop-like interference task. Results show an interaction of extraversion and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) periods whereby extraverts show a greater inhibition effect at the shorter SOA periods (400, 600 ms) compared to introverts while the difference was nonsignificant at the longest SOA period (800 ms). The expected relationship between the two inhibition tasks was not observed. Implications for theories of extraversion and research concerning inibition processes are discussed.
Investigaciones en el campo de procesos de inhibición han sido muy fértiles en la psicología moderna, especialmente con el uso más frecuente de métodos avanzados, como la imagen por resonancia magnética funcional. A pesar de todos los avances todavía quedan muchas dudas en cuanto a la índole del proceso de la inhibición y ya su propia existencia. Término inhibición se usa ampliamente en la vida cotidiana con varios significados que se reflejan luego en varias definiciones y métodos usados para investigarla en la psicología. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre los procesos de inhibición y la extraversión. Los participantes (N=50) completaron la versión croata del inventario de la personalidad HEXACO-PI-R (versión de 60 ítems). Inhibición cognitiva se midió con la tarea de inhibición de retorno basada en la locación, mientras que inhibición conductual se midió con la tarea de interferencia no verbal de tipo Stroop. Los resultados muestran interacción entre la extraversión y los intervalos entre estímulos (IEE) por lo cual los extravertidos muestran un mayor efecto de inhibición durante intervalos IEE más cortos (400, 600 ms) comparado con los introvertidos, mientras que no hubo mucha diferencia durante los intervalos más largos (800 ms). La relación esperada entre las dos inhibiciones no se ha observado. Se discuten implicaciones para la teoría de extraversión e investigaciones sobre los procesos de inhibición.
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