Hybrid optical access networks, integrating fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems that share a single distributed infrastructure, are promising for future multiservice access ...networks. The primary concern is to enable RoF and FTTH systems to transmit both radio-frequency (RF) and baseband (BB) signals on a single wavelength over a single fiber. This study experimentally demonstrates simultaneous generation and transmission of a wired-line BB signal and a wireless RF signal on a single wavelength, using one external modulator. The hybrid signals transmitted over standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) do not suffer from periodic performance fading due to fiber dispersion. Following transmission over 50-km SSMF, the power penalties of both RF and BB signals are less than 0.2 dB
A map of major Precambrian mafic dyke swarms and related units in the North China Craton is compiled, and the features and geological implications of these swarms are demonstrated. The Archean dyke ...swarms are available to portray the early crustal growth and cratonization. The middle Paleoproterozoic （2200-1850 Ma） swarms and related magmatic series could constrain the tectonic evolution： They approve that the craton was amalgamated by two sub-cratons. The late Paleoproterozoic （1800-1600 Ma）, Mesoproterozoic （1400-1200 Ma） and Neoproterozoic （1000-800 Ma） series swarms are important in paleogeographic reconstruction： they indicate that North China might have connected with some of the North European and North American cratons during Proterozoic. Dyke swarms are not only geological timescales and tectonic markers but also evolution indicators of lithospheric mantle： they imply a rejuvenation of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle of North China at 1780-1730 Ma. These swarms occurred with several rifts, including the Hengling （2200-1970 Ma）, Xuwujia （1970-1880 Ma）, Xiong＇er （1800-1600 Ma）, Yan-Liao （1730-1200 Ma）, and Xu-Huai （1000-800 Ma）. Among them, the Xuwujia rift was possibly continental arc associated; whereas the others were intra-continental. In addition, the Xiong＇er and Xu-Huai rifts were possibly triple junctions along the present southern and southeastern margins of the Craton, respectively. Different tectonic set- tings of these rifts and dyke swarms would result in diversified series of ore deposits.
Abstract
The black hole candidate system SLX 1746–331 was back to business in 2023, after a long silence of roughly 13 years. An outburst was observed thoroughly by Insight-HXMT and NICER. The ...outburst is characterized by spectral dominance of the soft state, where the joint Insight-HXMT and NICER spectral analysis shows the temperature dependence of the disk flux follows
T
in
3.98
, and thus suggests that the inner disk reaches its innermost stable circular orbit during almost the entire outburst. By assuming 0.3
L
Edd
for the peak flux and an inclination angle of zero degrees, the lower limit of the compact object hosted in this system is estimated as 3.28 ± 2.14
M
⊙
. We also look into the relation between the disk temperature and disk flux for a sample of black hole systems, and by taking the disk temperature derived in the outburst of SLX 1746–331, such a relation results in a mass estimation of 5.2 ± 4.5
M
⊙
. Finally, the spin of the compact object is constrained to be larger than 0.8 with the spectral model KERRBB.
The ethanol precipitation method has been widely-used for Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides preparation. However, the alcohol-soluble fractions have always been ignored, which causes significant ...wastes of resources and energies. In this study, the extraction, physicochemical properties, and immune regulation activity of an edible D. officinale polysaccharide (DOPs) isolated from the supernatant after 75% ethanol precipitation were systematically investigated. The structural characteristics determination results showed that DOPs was mainly composed of glucose and mannose at a molar ratio of 1.00:5.78 with an average molecular weight of 4.56 × 103 Da, which was made up of α-(1,3)-Glcp as the main skeleton, and the α-(1,4)-Glcp and β-(1,4)-Manp as the branches. Subsequently, the cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressive mice model was established, and the results demonstrated that DOPs could dose-dependently protect the immune organs against CTX damage, improve the immune cells activities, and promote the immune-related cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α) secretions. Furthermore, DOPs treatment also effectively enhanced the antioxidant enzymes levels (SOD, GSH-Px) in sera and livers, therefore weakening the oxidative damage of CTX-treated mice. Considering these above data, DOPs presented great potential to be explored as a natural antioxidant and supplement for functional foods.
Dilute alloying is an effective strategy to tune properties of solid catalysts but is rarely leveraged in complex reactions beyond small molecule conversion. In this work, dilute dopants are ...demonstrated to serve as activating centers to construct multiatom catalytic domains in metal nitride electrocatalysts for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, of which the sulfur cathode suffers from sluggish and complex conversion reactions. With titanium nitride (TiN) as a model system, the dilute cobalt alloying is shown to greatly improve the reaction kinetics while inducing negligible catalyst reconstruction. Compared to the pristine TiN, the dilute nitride alloy catalyst enables onefold increase in the high rate (2.0 C) capacities of Li–S batteries, as well as an impressively low cyclic decay rate of 0.17% at a sulfur loading of 4.0 mgS cm−2. This work opens up new opportunities toward the rational design of Li–S electrocatalysts by dilute alloying and also enlightens the understandings of complex domain‐catalyzed reactions in energy applications.
Dilute alloying implants “activating” centers in nitride alloy electrocatalysts to boost lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Dilute Co dopants activate the surrounding N and Ti atoms to construct multiatom active domains for efficient bidirectional catalysis of S redox reactions. The corresponding dilute nitride alloy improves the reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries.
We experimentally demonstrate a simultaneous generation of baseband (BB) and RF signals, using only one single-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator (SD-MZM) based on double-sideband with optical carrier ...suppression (DSBCS) scheme. With optimal modulation index (MI =V p-p /2V pi ) equal to 0.43 for driving MZM, the receiver sensitivity of the RF signal can have 1-dB improvement. Based on this result, only one SD-MZM is needed to generate optical microwaves using DSBCS scheme, thus eliminating the requirement of a high-cost dual-electrode MZM without degrading the signal performance. Following 75-km standard single-mode fiber, the power penalties of both BB and RF signals are less than 0.3 dB
Chirality introduces a new dimension of functionality to materials, unlocking new possibilities across various fields. When integrated with plasmonic hybrid nanostructures, this attribute synergizes ...with plasmonic and other functionalities, resulting in unprecedented chiroptical materials that push the boundaries of the system's capabilities. Recent advancements have illuminated the remarkable chiral light–matter interactions within chiral plasmonic hybrid nanomaterials, allowing for the harnessing of their tunable optical activity and hybrid components. These advancements have led to applications in areas such as chiral sensing, catalysis, and spin optics. Despite these promising developments, there remains a need for a comprehensive synthesis of the current state‐of‐the‐art knowledge, as well as a thorough understanding of the construction techniques and practical applications in this field. This review begins with an exploration of the origins of plasmonic chirality and an overview of the latest advancements in the synthesis of chiral plasmonic hybrid nanostructures. Furthermore, representative emerging categories of hybrid nanomaterials are classified and summarized, elucidating their versatile applications. Finally, the review engages with the fundamental challenges associated with chiral plasmonic hybrid nanostructures and offer insights into the future prospects of this advanced field.
Emerging chiral plasmonic hybrid nanostructures that integrate chirality, plamonics, and rich functionalities into single entities are introduced in this review. A comprehensive overview of recent advancements is provided, including the origins of chirality, rationale design and construction techniques, and versatile applications. Additionally, current challenges and future prospects in this field are discussed in detail.
Strongly coupled Nafion molecules and ordered porous CdS networks are fabricated for visible‐light photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen evolution. The Nafion layer coating shifts the band position of ...CdS upward and accelerates charge transfer in the photoelectrode/electrolyte interface. It is highly expected that the strong coupling effect between organic and inorganic materials will provide new routes to advance PEC water splitting.
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► Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan. ► XOS with degrees of polymerization from 2 to 4 were the major components. ► XOS contained Araf and ...4-O-Me-α-d-GlcpA residues. ► The antioxidant activity of XOS exhibited a dose-dependent behavior.
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) were prepared from xylan-rich hemicelluloses isolated by potassium hydroxide from sugarcane bagasse by hydrolysis with crude xylanase secreted by Pichia stipitis. Hydrolysis for 12h produced XOS with a maximum yield of 31.8%, equivalent to 5.29mgmL−1 in the hydrolyzate. XOS with degrees of polymerization (DP) from 2 to 4 (xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose) were the major components in the hydrolysates, whereas the oligosaccharides with higher DP of 5–6 (xylopentaose and xylohexose) showed a constant low level. FT-IR and NMR (1H, 13C, HSQC) demonstrated that XOS contained Araf and 4-O-Me-α-d-GlcpA residues. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed that the XOS exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. The results obtained indicate that the XOS produced from sugarcane bagasse can be employed in food-related applications.
► Original cellulose was pretreated with ionic liquid EmimAc at 90°C. ► Pretreatment increased glucose content and surface area of the cellulosic samples. ► The samples partially depolymerized and ...transformed from cellulose I to cellulose II. ► A high glucose conversion yield of 95.2% was achieved due to the structural changes.
Effect of ionic liquid pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated in terms of the changes in the chemical and physical structure of the preparation. In this case, original cellulose isolated from sugarcane bagasse was subjected to ionic liquid (EmimAc) dissolution at a mild temperature (90°C) followed by regeneration in water and subsequently hydrolyzed by commercial cellulases. The original and regenerated cellulose were thoroughly characterized by XRD, FT-IR, CP/MAS 13C NMR, and SEM. It was found that the original cellulose experienced an increase in glucose content from 80.0–83.3% to 91.6–92.8%, a decrease in the degree of polymerization from 974–1039 to 511–521, a crystal transformation from cellulose I to cellulose II, as well as an increase of surface area during the pretreatment. The results suggested that pretreatment led to effective disruption of cellulose for subsequent enzyme hydrolysis as evidenced by a high glucose conversion yield of 95.2%.
![Effect of [Emim]Ac pretreat...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0144-8617/small "Effect of [Emim]Ac pretreatment on the structure and enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse cellulose")