This study combined geographic factors to predict Chinese healthy male RBP reference values from a geographic perspective, with the aim of exploring the spatial distribution and regional differences ...in Chinese healthy male Retinol-Binding Protein(RBP) reference values, and then providing a theoretical basis for medical diagnosis of healthy male RBP reference values in different regions of China. Using the actual measured RBP values of 24,502 healthy men in 256 cities in China combined with 16 geographical factors as the base data, the spatial autocorrelation, correlation analysis and support vector machine were used to predict the RBP reference values of healthy men in 2322 cities in China, and to generate a spatial distribution map of the RBP reference values of healthy men in China. It was found that the spatial distribution of healthy male RBP reference values in China showed a trend of gradual increase from the first to the third terrain steps. Combined with the distribution map, it is suggested that the RBP reference values of healthy men in China should be divided into the low value zone of the first-level terrain step (25mg/L~40mg/L), the middle value zone of the second-level terrain step (40mg/L~45mg/L) and the high value zone of the third-level terrain step (45mg/L~52mg/L).
The detection of hypochlorous acid (HOCl)
is vitally important because the local concentration of HOCl is highly correlated with some diseases such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. ...However,
detection of HOCl remains a challenge due to the lack of a suitable probe. We report here a near-infrared (NIR) emissive "turn-on" probe (
) based on a methylene blue derivative, which can quickly detect HOCl
a newly found deformylation mechanism.
displays remarkable selectivity and sensitivity towards HOCl. The dramatic changes in colour and NIR emission were used to detect HOCl
and
in a mouse arthritis model.
The worldwide prevalence of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria poses a serious threat to public health due to the limited therapeutic alternatives. Cationic peptides ...represent a large family of antibiotics and have attracted interest due to their diverse chemical structures and potential for combating drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Here, we analyze 7395 bacterial genomes to investigate their capacity for biosynthesis of cationic nonribosomal peptides with activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Applying this approach, we identify two novel compounds (brevicidine and laterocidine) showing bactericidal activities against antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli, and an apparently low risk of resistance. The two peptides show efficacy against E. coli in a mouse thigh infection model. These findings may contribute to the discovery and development of Gram-negative antibiotics.
The author proposes the use of 3D virtual VR technology in the ARCS model to understand the real and specific environment design of the ARCS model in 3D virtual art design, to check the application ...of 3D virtual VR technology in the design of the urban environment, the application is 3D virtual VR technology, - the construction of 3D urban model, exploring specific applications. Check out specific applications of 3D virtual VR technology in urban park art design, automotive ambient art design, and landscape ambient art design. Experiments have shown that 3D virtual VR technology can improve environmental design results with high user satisfaction and economic results in the construction industry.
Optically active spirocyclic compounds play an important role in drug discovery, and new synthetic strategies for the efficient generation of spiro stereocenters are in much demand. Here we report a ...catalytic enantioselective cycloaddition using spirocyclic donor-acceptor cyclopropanes as a promising approach for the generation of spiro stereocenters. A diastereo- and enantioselective 3 + 3 cycloaddition of spirocyclopropyl oxindoles with both aldonitrones and ketonitrones is developed. The key to reaction development is the activation of spirocyclopropyl oxindoles by a suitable electron-withdrawing N-protecting group. This activation approach offers the promise of a general solution to enable spirocyclopropyl oxindoles as synthons for catalytic enantioselective synthesis of spirocyclic oxindoles featuring a C3 spiro stereocenter, a prominent structural motif in drugs and pharmaceutically active compounds. This protocol also constitutes the catalytic enantioselective reaction using unactivated achiral ketonitrones to construct tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters.
•Neuroscience and education have been argued to be two very separate fields.•This systematic review summarises the hyperscanning literature that investigated learning.•Inter-brain synchrony is ...associated with learning performance and other behavioral measures.•The second-person approach in neuroscience provides an additional and valuable dimension to understand learning in the classroom.
Whether education research can be informed by findings from neuroscience studies has been hotly debated since Bruer's (1997) famous claim that neuroscience and education are “a bridge too far”. However, this claim came before recent advancements in portable electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technologies, and second-person neuroscience techniques that brought about significant headway in understanding instructor-learner interactions in the classroom. To explore whether neuroscience and education are still two very separate fields, we systematically review 15 hyperscanning studies that were conducted in real-world classrooms or that implemented a teaching-learning task to investigate instructor-learner dynamics. Findings from this investigation illustrate that inter-brain synchrony between instructor and learner is an additional and valuable dimension to understand the complex web of instructor- and learner-related variables that influence learning. Importantly, these findings demonstrate the possibility of conducting real-world classroom studies with portable neuroimaging techniques and highlight the potential of such studies in providing translatable real-world implications. Once thought of as incompatible, a successful coupling between neuroscience and education is now within sight.
The anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and food waste achieves both environmental and economic benefits. This bio-process, well-known for producing ...biogas, is used extensively for industrial applications all over the world. Despite the use of AD across the world, the overall sustainability of this process as a source of an alternate fuel (i.e., biomethane) is intrinsically linked to the successful management of one of its major byproducts, the digestate. In order for the digestate to be classified as a “product” rather than a “waste” and to achieve regulatory compliance, this liquid stream needs to undergo biological or physicochemical treatments. The most common treatment for digestate is the use as a soil amendment. Nutrients surplus, variable agricultural seasonal requirements, escalating transportation cost, and market acceptance (e.g., risk for food safety) represents the major obstacle for the use of digestate for agricultural applications. Therefore, it is necessary to study alternative approaches for digestate management and utilization options. One alternative concept is the Back to Earth Alternative (BEA) whose aim is to bring appropriately treated residues back to their non-mobile state, as they were extracted from the earth to be used as raw materials, which would achieve actual closing of the materials cycles. Similarly, the same concept can be introduced into the digestate management process, with the goal of reducing resource costs and mitigate potential impacts on climate change, by employing a more holistic circular economy model instead of linear economy model commonly referred to as “take-make-dispose”. The overarching aim of this study is to introduce the BEA and circular economy concepts into the digestate management process taking into consideration the initial quality of the digestate and the techniques and processes necessary to meet the specific regulatory and quality requirements for the utilization of this waste stream for different applications. Cost benefit analysis and environmental impact were also evaluated for each BEA.
In this report, we demonstrate that sodium hydrosulfide （NariS）, a hydrogen sulfide （H2S） donor, promoted adventitious root formation mediated by auxin and nitric oxide （NO）. Application of the HzS ...donor to seedling cuttings of sweet potato （Ipomoea batatas L.） promoted the number and length of adventitious roots in a dose-dependent manner. It was also verified that H2S or HS- rather than other sulfur-containing components derived from NariS could be attributed to the stimulation of adventitious root formation. A rapid increase in endogenous H2S, indole acetic acid （IAA） and NO were sequentially observed in shoot tips of sweet potato seedlings treated with HallS. Further investigation showed that H2S-mediated root formation was alleviated by N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid （NPA）, an IAA transport inhibitor, and 2-（4-carboxyphenyl）. 4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-0xide （cPTIO）, an NO scavenger. Similar phenomena in H2S donor-dependent root organogenesis were observed in both excised willow （Salix matsudana var. tortuosa Vilm） shoots and soybean （Glycine max L.） seedlings. These results indicated that the process of H2S-induced adventitious root formation was likely mediated by IAA and NO, and that H2S acts upstream of IAA and NO signal transduction pathways.
Osteoarthritis is a common disease character with progressive destruction of cartilage. MicroRNA (miR)-140-3p was validated as a biomarker for osteoarthritis. However, the mechanism by which ...miRNA-140-3p regulates osteoarthritis remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the potential function of miRNA-140-3p during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. MiRNA-140-3p expression in tissue and CHON-001 chondrocyte cells was determined with quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR. In vitro osteoarthritis model was established by treatment of the chondrocyte cells CHON-001 with interleukin (IL)-1β. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured with cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis assay, respectively. Protein expressions were evaluated using Western blot. The target gene of miR-140-3p was predicted using Targetscan and miRDB. MiR-140-3p was downregulated in knee tissue from patients with osteoarthritis. IL-1β inhibited the proliferation of CHON-001 cells via inducing apoptosis. In addition, IL-1β significantly inhibited the expressions of collagen II and aggrecan and increased the level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)13. However, the effects of IL-1β could be ameliorated by the addition of miR-140-3p mimics. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay demonstrated CXCR4 as a target gene of miR-140-3p. IL-1β-induced upregulation of CXCR4 could be blocked by miR-140-3p mimics. Our study indicated that miR-140-3p could suppress the progression of osteoarthritis by directly targeting CXCR4. Therefore, miR-140-3p might serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
In the present study, we investigated the protection of hemp seed polyphenols on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from H2O2‐mediated oxidative stress injury. Fractions with different ...polarities were obtained by separating the hemp seed extract using HPD300 macroporous resin‐packed column. The fraction, desorbed by 50% ethanol, is rich in polyphenol (789.51 ± 21.92 mg GAE/g) and has the highest antioxidant activity in vitro. HPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS identified the main polyphenol components in hemp seed shells: 4 hydroxycinnamic acid amides and 15 lignanamides. The protective effects of hemp seed polyphenol against oxidative‐stress injury in HUVEC cells were evaluated by cell viability, intracellular antioxidant parameters, and cell apoptosis assay. After HUVEC cells were precultured with 50 µg/ml hemp seed polyphenols, the cell viability increased significantly from 53.07 ± 2.46% (model group) to 80.65 ± 1.32% (p < 0.01). In addition, the pretreatment of HUVEC cells with polyphenol could substantially increase their intracellular superoxide dismutase activity and reduce their intracellular reactive oxygen species level, malondialdehyde content, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage index. These findings demonstrate the defensive potential of hemp seed polyphenol in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
Practical Application
Hemp seed shell waste is produced while producing hemp seed kernel and has abundant phenolic compounds. This research showed that hemp seed polyphenol has potent antioxidant activity in vitro and protects HUVEC cells against H2O2‐induced oxidative stress injury, suggesting that hemp seed polyphenol has the defensive potential to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease. These results indicated that polyphenol separated from hemp seed shells is valuable for further research and development, which will improve the utilization rate of hemp seed.
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