O artigo visa a discutir as possibilidades de uma sociologia crítica capaz de lidar com as demandas do presente. Com base no conceito norteador de reformas revolucionárias de André Gorz, analiso ...algumas proposições social-teóricas. Minhas referências são as teorias de Axel Honneth, Nancy Fraser, Alain Caillé e Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Empreendo minha análise com base em três ideias que permitem vislumbrar nessas teorias um núcleo comum: a busca de uma abordagem intersubjetivista; a ênfase normativa na necessidade de buscarmos caminhos que nos permitam viver juntos, sem ignorar nossas diferenças; e a busca política de um caminho que nos guie na busca de mudanças sociais que evitem extremismos de direita e de esquerda. Isso possibilitou delinear os traços principais de uma sociologia crítica adequada aos desafios do presente e realçar as contribuições desses teóricos à sociologia crítica.
Arachnoid cysts (AC), extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collections of variable brain and spine location, are generally asymptomatic and detected incidentally on imaging. When large, or during ...expanding processes, may cause neurological signs and symptoms, mainly by intracranial hypertension (ICH). Cranial nerve deficits are rare presenting manifestations associated with AC. An 8-year-old boy was observed at the emergency department with 3 months history of headache and double vision. On physical examination, a sixth cranial nerve palsy was identified. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging detected a large arachnoid cyst in the left middle, posterior, and anterior cranial fossa with brain compression and midline shift. Endoscopic fenestration of the arachnoid cyst to basal cisterns was performed with complete clinical recovery. KEYWORDS Huge arachnoid cyst, Sixth cranial nerve palsy/Etiology, Diplopia/Etiology, Children, Endoscopic fenestration, Intracranial hypertension
Este artigo trata da concepção de Foucault a respeito do poder e sua relação com o direito, conforme aparece principalmente em seu livro Vigiar e punir, publicado pela primeira vez em 1975. Esse ...livro é, portanto, a principal fonte deste artigo, embora eu recorra também a outros textos de Foucault. Depois de apresentar de forma detalhada a análise do poder, assim como a relação deste último com a análise do direito conforme aparece em sua obra, eu concluo enfatizando a importante contribuição de seus escritos para nossa compreensão das sociedades modernas. Mas faço também comentários críticos tanto em relação a seu diagnóstico da sociedade moderna como uma quase completa patologia, quanto à ausência de uma dimensão normativa em sua perspectiva teórica.
Prior to bariatric surgery, endocrine causes of obesity must be excluded. The diagnosis of osteoporosis in a male requires the study of secondary causes of this condition. The diagnostic delay of ...Cushing's syndrome may have irreversible consequences.
Prior to bariatric surgery, endocrine causes of obesity must be excluded. The diagnosis of osteoporosis in a male requires the study of secondary causes of this condition. The diagnostic delay of Cushing's syndrome may have irreversible consequences.
Combined central diabetes insipidus and cerebral salt wasting syndrome is a rare clinical finding. However, when this happens, mortality is high due to delayed diagnosis and/or inadequate treatment.
...A 42-year-old white man was referred to neurosurgery due to a non-functional pituitary macroadenoma. He underwent a partial resection of the tumor on July 2, 2015. On the day following surgery he presented polyuria with sodium 149 mEq/L, plasma osmolality 301 mOsm/kg, and urine osmolality 293 mOsm/kg. He started nasal desmopressin 0.05 mg/day with good response. He was already on dexamethasone 4 mg and levothyroxine 75 mcg due to hypopituitarism after surgery. On July 9 he became confused. Cerebral computed tomography was performed with no significant changes. His natremia dropped to 128 mEq/L with development of polyuria despite maintenance of desmopressin dose. His hemoglobin and hematocrit rose from 9.1 g/L to 11.6 g/L and 27.5 to 32.5, respectively. His thyroid function was normal and he was on hydrocortisone 30 mg/day. At 12 p.m. 150 mg/hydrocortisone infusion was initiated, but sodium did not increase. Plasma and urine osmolality were 264 mOsm/kg and 679 mOsm/kg, respectively. At 4 p.m. hydrocortisone was increased and hypertonic saline replacement started. Two hours later he was dehydrated with polyuria and vomiting, and natremia of 124 mEq/L. Hyponatremia was very resistant to treatment despite hypertonic saline replacement, hence desmopressin was suspended. The following day, urine spot analysis showed that natriuresis was 63 mEq/L with serum sodium 132 mEq/L. This was interpreted as a cerebral salt wasting syndrome and control was achieved with aggressive hypertonic saline replacements and fludrocortisone 0.1 mg/three times a day.
We present a rare case of a patient with diabetes insipidus and cerebral salt wasting syndrome, who was successfully treated. Hyponatremia in a patient with diabetes insipidus may erroneously be interpreted as inadequate diabetes insipidus control or as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, leading to therapeutic errors. Thus, all clinical and analytical data should be evaluated together for early and correct diagnosis.
Pediatric penetrating carotid arterial trauma is a rare unreported cause of malignant cerebral infarction. Despite increasing evidence of benefit of decompressive hemicraniectomy (DCH) in pediatric ...malignant stroke, indications and predictors of outcome remain controversial. We report a 4-year-old boy with penetrating zone II neck trauma with laceration of the right internal carotid artery who developed malignant cerebral infarction requiring DCH. Impressive neurological recovery and excellent functional outcome was observed with good psychomotor development and quality of life. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pediatric malignant ICA infarction due to penetrating arterial trauma with good neurologic outcome after DCH.
The article deals with Andre Gorz's formulations on immaterial labor. His analysis of contemporary capitalism is based on a model formed by the categories of knowledge, labor, and capital, being ...knowledge the main productive force. The article compares this model to a former one, which was made by the categories of labor, value, and capital, in which labor was the main productive force. It then stresses that the difference between them is the replacement of labor by knowledge. In a knowledge economy, as that of the first model, the productivity of activities cannot be measured by labor time as in classic capitalism; besides, most of these activities are dependent upon practical knowledge (savoir-faire) not prompted to be codified and appropriated privately. The thesis defended here is then that the main event behind this change from one model to the other is the dilution of labor time as a criterion to measure productivity; and it affects the value theory and therefore the base for calculating equivalences by capitalism. This is, according to Gorz, the main cause of the crisis of capitalism and of wage labor as the criterion for the attribution of rights; and this is also a sufficient motive for him to move in defense of unconditional income transfer to people. Adapted from the source document.
Abstract Objectives This study reports a patient with a large teratoma involving the oropharynx, the nasopharynx and the left orbit, with intracranial extension. This case represents one of the first ...reported instances of such an association. A literature review reporting head and neck teratomas with intracranial involvement is also presented. Case report The authors describe a case of a neonate presenting with a huge teratoma causing respiratory distress due to upper airway obstruction. The child was operated on at 3 months of age with a combined neurosurgical and endonasal endoscopic-assisted approach. After more than 1-year follow-up, the child has no recurrence and no complications of surgery. Discussion This type of teratoma is very rare and surgical morbidity is common. The diagnosis may be apparent before birth, which will facilitate the planning of respiratory management. The combined neurosurgical and otolaryngologic approach for a neonatal teratoma has not previously been described. Using an endoscopic-assisted approach for intranasal tumors removal in neonates and infants is a very rare surgical challenge. Conclusion Large nasopharyngeal teratomas of infancy with sinonasal and intracranial extension may be managed using a combined endoscopic-assisted endonasal and neurosurgical procedure.
O artigo trata das formulações de André Gorz sobre trabalho imaterial. Sua análise do capitalismo contemporâneo se baseia num modelo formado pelas categorias conhecimento, valor e capital, no qual ...conhecimento é a força produtiva principal. Este artigo contrapõe esse modelo a um modelo anterior, formado pelas categorias trabalho, valor e capital, no qual trabalho é a força produtiva principal; realça que a diferença entre os dois está na substituição de trabalho por conhecimento. Numa economia do conhecimento, como a do primeiro modelo, a produtividade da maior parte das atividades não se presta a ser medida pelo tempo de trabalho, como no capitalismo clássico; além disso, muitas delas dependem de saberes práticos que não se prestam a ser codificados e apropriados privadamente. A tese aqui defendida é de que o principal evento por trás da mudança de um modelo a outro é a diluição do tempo de trabalho como critério para medir a produtividade; e isso afeta a teoria do valor e, portanto, a base de cálculo das equivalências pelo capitalismo. Essa é, segundo Gorz, a principal causa da crise do capitalismo e do trabalho assalariado como critério para a atribuição de direitos; e isso é também motivo suficiente para que ele passe a defender a transferência incondicional de renda para as pessoas.
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