The article explores the theme of time in the work of Andre Gorz, using this motif as a basis for understanding his conception of the relationship between individual and society. This aim in mind, it ...identifies and describes his three approaches to time: the first seeks to construct an axiology of values based on the three temporal dimensions (past, present and future); the second examines the relationship between time and aging; and the third deals with the time of work. After describing each of these three approaches, the article concludes by identifying the tension between social time and individual time in the author's theory, a tension that largely arises from a philosophical viewpoint that conceives individual and society as almost antagonistic entities. Adapted from the source document.
Estudo prospectivo controlado em pacientes com discopatia degenerativa submetidos a artrodese intersomática lombar anterior instrumentada combinada com estabilização posterior.
Amostra com 64 ...pacientes consecutivos operados pelos mesmos cirurgiões ao longo de quatro anos. Metade das artrodeses intersomática lombar anterior foi efetuada em dois níveis, 43,8% em três níveis e 6,25% em um nível. Foram usadas caixas intersomáticas com parafusos integrados preenchidas com matriz óssea e proteína morfogenética óssea 2.
Metade da amostra apresentava cirurgias prévias à coluna lombar, 75% listeses degenerativas associadas e 62,5% patologia compressiva posterior da coluna lombar. Aproximadamente 56% da amostra apresentavam pelo menos um fator de risco de não união da artrodese. O índice Oswestry passou de 71,81 ± 7,22 no pré‐operatório para 24,75 ± 7,82 na avaliação no fim do tempo de seguimento, enquanto a escala visual analógica da dor passou de 7,88 ± 0,70 para 2,44 ± 0,87 (p < 0,001). A melhoria clínico‐funcional foi crescente de acordo com a intervenção num número superior de níveis, o que comprova a eficácia da artrodese intersomática lombar anterior multinível, aplicada em 93,75% da amostra. A taxa global de complicações foi de 7,82% e de complicações major de 0%. Não se identificou qualquer caso de não união.
A artrodese intersomática lombar anterior instrumentada combinada com estabilização posterior é uma opção de sucesso na discopatia degenerativa uni ou multinível dos segmentos de L3 a S1, mesmo em presença significativa de fatores de risco de não união e cirurgias prévias da coluna lombar, garante resultados clínico‐funcionais e radiográficos muito satisfatórios e reduzida taxa de complicações em médio prazo.
This was a prospective controlled study in patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease submitted to instrumented anterior lumbar interbody fusion combined with posterior stabilization.
Sample with 64 consecutive patients operated by the same surgeons over four years. Half of the anterior lumbar interbody fusion were at two levels, 43.8% at three levels, and 6.25% at one level. The authors stand‐alone interbody cages with integrated screws, filled with bone matrix and bone morphogenetic protein 2.
Half of the sample had previous lumbar spine surgeries, 75% had associated degenerative listhesis, and 62.5% had posterior lumbar compression disease. Approximately 56% of the sample had at least one nonunion risk factor. The Oswestry index changed from 71.81 ± 7.22 at the preoperative assessment to 24.75 ± 7.82 at the final follow‐up evaluation, while the visual analog pain scale changed from 7.88 ± 0.70 to 2.44 ± 0.87 (p < 0.001). Clinical and functional improvements were better according to the intervention performed in a higher number of levels, proving multilevel anterior lumbar interbody fusion efficacy, which was performed in 93.75% of the sample. The global complication rate was 7.82%, and the major complications rate was 0%. No cases of non‐union were observed.
Instrumented anterior lumbar interbody fusion combined with posterior stabilization is a successful option for uni‐ and multilevel degenerative disc disease of L3 to S1, even in significant presence of the risk factors of nonunion and previous lumbar surgeries, guarantying very satisfactory clinical functional and radiographic outcomes, with a low complications rate over the medium term.
Drawing on researches that diagnosis the experience of time in Late Capitalism the article focus on the themes of labor time and basic income, connecting them to the social and economic crises we ...live nowadays. Based on the analysis of these two related themes, I deal with the debate of these subjects from the 1970’s to the present moment. I argue here that the neoliberal option for a market fundamentalism lead to an increase in poverty and social inequality, situation aggravated by the actual Covid-19 Pandemic. In order to fight poverty and extreme social inequality, I conclude by proposing the adoption of a universal basic income, not only as an emergency measure during the Pandemic, but as a permanent strategy to protect the social tissue from the destructive effects of an uncontrolled widespread market logic on peoples’ life.
O artigo lida com a abordagem de Boaventura de Souza Santos a respeito do debate entre reconhecimento e redistribuição. Tendo em vista a ideia de Nuestra América, do cubano José Martí e a metáfora ...shakespeariana de Ariel, Santos elabora o que denomina paradigma subalterno de reconhecimento (diferença) e redistribuição (igualdade), fundado em uma epistemologia do sul que ele contrapõe ao chamado paradigma americano-europeu, cuja expressão é a globalização neoliberal. Ele argumenta, então, que é preciso enfrentar esse paradigma da globalização dominante com um paradigma contra-hegemônico de globalização.
Post-traumatic vertebral necrosis and pseudarthrosis at the thoracolumbar transition level usually progresses to bone resorption, leading to vertebral collapse, sometimes with retropulsion of the ...posterior wall and neurological deficit. As such, the therapeutic goal is the interruption of this evolution, seeking to stabilize the vertebral body, preventing collapse progression and the risk of neurological deficits. We present a clinical case regarding the evolution of a vertebral pseudarthrosis that self-stabilized with the development of an exuberant anterior osteophyte mass, joining the anterolateral surfaces of the adjacent vertebrae bodies. Vertebrae stabilization would have made it possible to minimize the pathological hypermobility that perpetuated pseudarthrosis and would have ensured sufficient stabilization to obtain clinically and imagiologically proven vertebrae bone healing. However, despite the unusually favorable evolution of this clinical case, in order to avoid highly disabling symptoms for several months, as occurred with the patient for 4 to 6 months, we consider that early percutaneous surgical stabilization of symptomatic vertebral pseudarthrosis is indicated, allowing for almost immediate pain relief and functional improvement, which is beneficial in terms of health and quality of life. This is a clinical case of unusual evolution of vertebral pseudarthrosis, which, however, is useful to confirm the prolonged duration and intensity of symptoms in the face of a conservative treatment for this disease.
Este artigo discute a relevância contemporânea do conceito de “reformas revolucionárias”, elaborado por André Gorz na década de 1960 e por ele retomado em seus escritos mais recentes. Minha tese aqui ...é que tal conceito continua atual e tem sido apropriado, direta ou indiretamente, por outros teóricos sociais contemporâneos, ainda que, muitas vezes, esses últimos utilizem uma linguagem diferente. Para tanto, começo por apresentar, em linhas gerais, os contornos do conceito. Em seguida, mostro como ele foi utilizado por Gorz ao longo de seus escritos; e, por fim, eu o discuto a partir dos trabalhos de outros autores, focando em alguns temas dos debates contemporâneos.
L'article s'occupe de la rélevance contemporaine du concept gorzian de “réformes révolutionnaires” qu'il avait formulé pendant les annés 1960s, et qu'il reprendre dans ses derniers écrits. La thèse que je veux défendre ici c'est que ce concept est encore actuel et qu'il a eté approprié par d'autres théoriciens contemporaines, même s'ils employent un langage différent. Pour developper mon argument, je commence en présentant les traits du concept. En suite, je montre comment Gorz use le concept dans ses écrits pendand le temps. Pour conclure, je discute le concept en lui confrontant avec les travaux d'autres auteurs à l'aide de quelques thèmes contemporains.
The article deals with the contemporary relevance of the concept of “revolutionary reforms”, formulated by André Gorz in the 1960s, and resumed in his more recent writings. My theses here is that such concept remains actually valid, and it has been, direct or indirectly, appropriated by other social-theorists, though sometimes using a different language. To develop my argument, I begin by presenting the contours of the concept. Then, I show how Gorz uses it along with his writings. And to conclude, I discuss it through the works of other authors by focusing on some themes of contemporary debates.
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