This paper considers lithic raw material procurement of Epigravettian hunter-gatherers from Kopačina Cave on the island of Brač (Dalmatia, Croatia). The most significant group among the determined ...petrographic categories are different cherts, and a significantly smaller group of radiolarites. Cherts are both locally and regionally available, while radiolarites originate from more distant areas. Use of raw material that could have been procured within 20 km radius (local) and in the range of 20–50 km (regional) is predominant and very similar in all phases. Raw material that could have been procured from distances ranging from 20 to 50 km shows a gradual trend of increase in frequency from the earliest to the latest phase, while the raw material procured from distances greater than 50 km (extra-regional) has an obvious drop in frequency from the eldest to the youngest phase. Temporal trends in lithic raw material use suggest certain continuity during the whole Epigravettian sequence as well as change which shows itself in larger exploitation areas or more intensive long-distance contacts in earlier Epigravettian phases in Kopačina than in the later ones, and possibly a higher degree of hunter-gatherers’ mobility. Presence of radiolarites in Kopačina's Late Upper Paleolithic layers, as well as their potential outcrops suggest movements of hunter-gatherers deeper in east Adriatic continental hinterland where for now only a few traces of human settlements from Late Glacial have been found. Raw material of several found artifacts indicates possible contacts with the west Adriatic coast.
During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 30 to 16.5 ka ago), the Great Adriatic-Po Region (GAPR) was deeply affected by the spread of glaciers from the Alps to the southern foreland and by the dropping ...of the sea level to ~ -120 m amsl. The combination of these two events triggered the aggradation of the Great Po Plain (GPP), a vast flat area between the Alpine chain, the Italian Peninsula and the north-western Balkan Peninsula, physically and ecologically featured through a range of palaeogeographic and palaeoecological conditions. The low-elevated Prealpine sectors and the Alpine foothills supported more extensive forest stands, due to increased orographic rainfall. These were open boreal forests which persisted throughout the LGM, while open woodlands, steppes, semideserts and wetlands occupied the lowlands. A complex ecogradient, including both an Alpine and a continental timberline, is documented by the fossil records at the NE Alpine border, with a larch-pine forest-steppe belt, in contact with steppes and loess areas extending in the plain, on the dry extreme of the gradient. Still, edaphic wetlands occupied the waterlogged silty soils in the lowlands. Other areas, marked by active geodynamic processes, supported semideserts, i.e. grooves of xerophytic herbs and shrubs. Enhanced aridity and the development of deflation areas, prompted the accretion of loess cover at the northern and southern margins of the GPP. Fauna recorded the gradual disappearance of mammoth, woolly rhino and giant deer, together with cave bear. Gravettian and Epigravettian hunter-gatherer groups inhabited the GPP, although their presence and settlement dynamics at the margins and across this region has long been questioned. As a matter of fact, a handful of archaeological sites composes a patchy record of the peopling of the plain itself. At the northern rim of the GAPR, characterized by a well-developed karst region, several caves and rock shelters record the presence of hunters of bisons and horses at the margins of the GPP and ibexes and cave bears in some hilly landscapes. Nonetheless, evidence of contacts across this area is provided by the exploitation of chert sources and by stylistic and technical similarities in the lithic industries. The work resumes the currently available multidisciplinary data and adds new petroarchaeological evidence for reconstructing the settlement dynamics of the Gravettian - Epigravettian hunter-gatherers in this vast region up to the early Late Glacial, when the Prealpine and the Apennine foothills, along with the Dinarids, were persistently settled.
The Zadar region is exceptionally rich in Middle Palaeolithic materials discovered in the area from Ražanac and Nin to the Zadar islands (Dugi otok, Silba and Pag). Sites correspond closely to raw ...material choice, as well as typological and technological characteristics of tools. Distinct microlithization is the main factor by which industries such as the Micro-Mousterian are classified. These kinds of materials are also characterized by preserved cortex on the core and tools made on primary and secondary flakes. The abundance and accessibility of smaller sized raw materials led Neanderthal groups to develop techniques that maximized tool size in as efficient manner as possible.
A large and complex lithic collection from Pelješac, a peninsula on the eastern Adriatic seaboard of southern Croatia, provides extensive information about raw materials, formal typology, and ...technology of flaked stone artifacts from the Early Neolithic up to the Iron Age. Most of the evidence comes from two stratified sites: a cave named Spila and the hillfort of Grad, both located on the Nakovana Plateau. The most conspicuous characteristic of the Nakovana lithic collection is continuity, both in production technology and in the choice of raw material. Changes are manifest in frequencies of lithic artifact classes, rather than in kinds of lithic artifacts. Virtually all the lithics are made of cherts imported from the Gargano Peninsula, which testifies to persistent trans-Adriatic connections throughout post-Mesolithic prehistory. Prismatic blades were brought to Nakovana as finished products. They are present from the Early Neolithic, their frequencies peak during the Copper Age, and they disappear from the record soon after the transition to the Bronze Age. An ad hoc flake-production technology is present throughout the sequence, but its importance diminishes as the prismatic blade technology takes over. After the disappearance of prismatic blades, Bronze Age lithic assemblages consist mainly of flakes and expedient flake-based tools. While the Nakovana sites did not yield any Mesolithic finds, comparison with other eastern Adriatic sites indicates that raw material procurement patterns changed radically at the time of the transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic, which also coincided with the introduction of prismatic blade technology.
Vorganjska peć važno je prapovijesno pećinsko nalazište smješteno na padini brda Organ iznad Batomlja kraj Baške na otoku Krku. Sredinom 20. stoljeća ovo, kao i druga pećinska nalazišta na ...kvarnerskim otocima, počinje istraživati Vladimir Mirosavljević. Zahvaljujući rezultatima njegovih istraživanja Vorganjska peć, zajedno s Jami na Sredi na otoku Cresu te Velom špiljom na otoku Lošinju, postaje značajan izvor podataka o neolitiku Kvarnera i time neizostavni dio rasprava o tome razdoblju na istočnojadranskoj obali. Kako istraživanja nikad nisu u cijelosti objavljena, revizijsko arheološko iskopavanje provedeno je kao provjera davno prikupljenih podataka o načinima korištenja špilje tijekom prapovijesti. Rezultati istraživanja dali su uvid u stratigrafski slijed intaktnih prapovijesnih arheoloških depozita s nalazima koji pripadaju razdoblju ranoga i srednjega neolitika. Analiza stratifikacije i prikupljenih pokretnih arheoloških nalaza doprinosi širenju uvida u kompleksne mehanizme procesa neolitizacije istočnoga Jadrana te govori o nedvojbenom informativnom i interpretativnom značenju ovoga nalazišta za razmatranja problematike sjevernojadranskoga neolitika
Vorganjska peć is an important prehistoric cave site located on the slope of Organ hill above Batomalj near Baška on the island of Krk. The research of this site, as well as other cave sites on Kvarner islands, was initiated by Vladimir Mirosavljević in the mid-twentieth century. As the result of his research, Vorganjska peć, alongside Jami na Sredi on the island of Cres and Vela špilja on the island of Lošinj, became a significant source of data about the Neolithic of the Kvarner region and thereby an essential part of discussions about this period on the eastern Adriatic coast. Since this research was never fully published, the site was re-excavated in order to review previously obtained data about the cave usage in prehistory. The research results provided insight into the stratigraphic sequence of intact prehistoric archaeological deposits with Early and Middle Neolithic finds. The analysis of stratification and artefacts contributes to our knowledge of complex mechanisms of neolithisation of the eastern Adriatic and confirms the undeniable informative and interpretative significance of the site in the studies of the northern Adriatic Neolithic
Kaštel Štafilić – Resnik prvi je sustavno istraživan podvodni paleolitički lokalitet u Hrvatskoj. Lokalitet je smješten u Kaštelanskom zaljevu u srednjoj Dalmaciji koja je, kao i cijeli jadranski ...bazen, prošla kroz geomorfološke promjene uzrokovane, među ostalim i marinskom transgresijom. Podizanje razine mora na prijelazu iz pleistocena u holocen utjecalo je na destrukciju pleistocenskih slojeva i potapanje lokaliteta. Nalazi su tipološki smješteni u mustjersku kulturu, uz iznimku nekolicine nalaza koji pripadaju gornjem paleolitiku. U radu su predstavljeni rezultati tehnološke i tipološke analize nalaza koje je prikupio I. Svilan u Kaštelanskom zaljevu i, po prvi puta, sirovinske analize litičkih nalaza iz sustavnih istraživanja, ali i iz zbirke I. Svilana, koji potvrđuju Kaštelanski zaljev kao mjesto boravka neandertalaca u srednjem paleolitiku.
Kaštel Štafilić – Resnik is the first underwater Paleolithic site in Croatia to be systematically investigated. The site is located in the Kaštela Bay in central Dalmatia which, like the rest of the Adriatic Basin, has undergone geomorphological changes caused, among other factors, by marine transgression. Sea level rise at the Pleistocene to Holocene transition destructively affected the Pleistocene strata and caused the submergence of the site. The lithic finds are typologically placed in the Mousterian culture, with the exception of a few finds belonging to the Upper Paleolithic. The paper presents the results of technological and typological analysis of findings collected by I. Svilan in Kaštela Bay and, for the first time, raw material analysis of lithic finds from systematic research but also from the collection of I. Svilan, which confirm that Neanderthals occupied Kaštela Bay during the Middle Paleolithic.
U članku su predstavljeni rezultati arheološkog iskopavanja neolitičkog nalazišta Rašinovac kod Ždrapnja u Piramatovačkom polju (zaleđe grada Skradina, sjeverna Dalmacija). Na dotad nepoznatom ...nalazištu je 2013. godine otvorena probna sonda dimenzija 2x2 m s ciljem utvrđivanja stratigrafije te određivanja njegove kronološke pripadnosti. Rašinovac je jednoslojno naselje na otvorenom iz impreso faze što je potvrđeno analizom materijalne kulture (pretežito lončarije i litike). Sudeći po dvama radiokarbonskim datumima, Rašinovac pripada najranijim dosada poznatim nalazištima ranog neolitika na ovom području (prvo stoljeće 6. tisućljeća pr. Kr.).
Rad donosi rezultate materijalnih, tipoloških i tehnoloških analiza velike i složene zbirke kamenih izrađevina s poluotoka Pelješca u južnoj Dalmaciji. Većina građe potječe s dva višeslojna ...nalazišta, nakovanske Spile i gradine Grada te pokriva vremenski raspon od ranog neolitika do željeznog doba. Postoji izraziti kontinuitet u odabiru sirovina i proizvodnoj tehnologiji. Skoro sve izrađevine od lomljenog kamena napravljene su od sirovine koja je uvezena s garganskog poluotoka. Promjene se očituju različitom učestalošću pojedinih klasa izrađevina, a ne vrstama kamenih izrađevina. Prizmolika sječiva donošena su u Nakovanu kao gotov proizvod. Prisutna su od ranog neolitika, postupno postaju sve češća, učestalost im dosiže vrhunac za bakrenog doba, a nestaju nakon prijelaza iz bakrenog u rano brončano doba. Jednostavna tehnologija proizvodnje oruđa na odbojcima prisutna je kroz čitav vremenski slijed. Njezina važnost opada s porastom važnosti tehnologije prizmolikih sječiva, no nakon nestanka prizmolikih sječiva, brončanodobni skupovi litičkih nalaza sadrže gotovo isključivo proizvode tehnologije odbojaka.
LITIČKI NALAZI S OTOKA SUŠCA Altherr, Rainer; Perhoč, Zlatko
Opvscvla archaeologica,
12/2011, Letnik:
35, Številka:
1
Paper
Odprti dostop
Na pojedinim srednjodalmatinskim otočkim prapovijesnim
nalazištima nađeni su litički artefakti za čiju je
izradu korištena sirovina brana iz šljunka. Valutična
okorina tih artefakata upućuje na ...porijeklo kamene sirovine
s izdanaka šljunka ili drugih klastičnih sedimenata.
Petrografi ja artefakata i specifi čni znakovi trošenja površine
kamena, topografi ja regionalnih i izvanregionalnih
izdanaka odnosnih stijena – u korelaciji s predmetnim
arheološkim nalazištima – u materijalnoj analizi litičkih
artefakata dopuštaju više načina interpretacije porijekla
kamene sirovine kao regionalno primjenjivih modela. Na
primjeru arheološkoga nalazišta na otoku Sušcu prikazujemo
model interpretacije porijekla sirovine primjenjiv za
nalaze s Gradine iz Visa, Divjenih doca kod Sućurja na
Hvaru i Rata kod Ložišća na Braču
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