•Curcuminoids were extracted using different extraction methods.•Highest amount of extract was obtained using ethanol as solvent.•Antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial activities of extracts have ...been measured.•The highest antioxidant activity was obtained from ethanol extract.•Curcuminoids have been encapsulated in PEG by PGSS™ process.
In this study, the isolation of curcuminoids from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was performed using different solvent extraction methods and solvents. Obtained extracts were analyzed for the contents of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin by HPLC and the radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of extracts were determined. Extract with highest content of curcuminoids was mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and formulated into powder using PGGS™ method. Obtained powder was pressed into tablets and a release study of the curcuminoids from the product was observed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids.
Results show that the highest yield of extract is obtained using conventional extraction with mixing in ethanol giving the highest concentration of curcuminoids as well. All extracts show strong antifungal properties but weak antibacterial activity. Curcuminoids extract was successfully encapsulated in PEG carrier and a fine powder was obtained, which increased the solubility in aqueous media.
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•Properties of low and high density polyethylenes under pressure of CO2 and propane.•Phase transitions of low and high density polyethylenes under pressure of CO2 and propane in ...pressure range from 0.1 to 90MPa.•Solubility and diffusivity of CO2 in low and high density polyethylenes by magnetic suspension balance (MSB).•Thermal analyses of unprocessed and grinded polymers and polymers after exposure to CO2 by DSC.
The aim of this work was to investigate the properties of polyethylenes (PE) of various densities (low-density and high-density) under pressure of CO2 and propane. The phase equilibria of PE of different density in presence of CO2 and in presence of propane in dependence of pressure and temperature were investigated. The phase transitions of PE at atmospheric pressure were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, phase transitions of polymers under pressure of gases were measured by using an optical high pressure cell. Measurements of phase transition were performed in range of pressure of 1–90MPa. The results show that melting points of LDPE decreased in presence of CO2 and in presence of propane. For high-density polyethylene (HDPE) the melting point decrease was observed only in presence of propane, while in presence of CO2 melting point increases with increasing pressure. The melting points of LDPE and HDPE decrease in average for 10–20K in presence of propane, while in presence of CO2 the melting point decrease for both LDPE was lower (5–10K). Solubility and diffusivity of supercritical CO2 in two low-density polyethylenes (LDPE) and in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were measured at temperature 373K and pressures up to 30MPa using a magnetic suspension balance (MSB). The solubility data were used for estimating the binary diffusion coefficients. The solubilities increased with increasing density. The diffusion coefficient shows strong CO2 density and CO2 solubility dependence. Diffusion coefficient starts to decrease with increasing density and solubility of CO2.
Izolacija kurkuminoida iz kurkume (Curcuma longa L.) provedena je različitim metodama ekstrakcije i otapala. Dobiveni ekstrakti analizirani su s obzirom na sadržaj kurkumina, demetoksikurkumina i ...bisdemetoksikurkumina pomoću HPLC. Nadalje, utvrđeno je hvatanje slobodnih radikala i antibakterijska aktivnost ekstrakata. Rezultati pokazuju da se najveći prinos ekstrakta postiže konvencionalnom ekstrakcijom uz miješanje u etanolu, što rezultira i najvećom koncentracijom kurkuminoida. Svi dobiveni ekstrakti pokazuju jaka antifungalna svojstva, ali nisku antibakterijsku aktivnost.
Prvi del doktorske disertacije je namenjen raziskavam faznih ravnotežij trigliceridov v sub- in superkritičnih fluidih. Podatki so ključni za nadalnje načrtovanje visokotlačnih separacijskih in ...formulacijskih procesov, saj so pripomogli k izboljšanju določenih industrijskih procesov v smeri okoljevarstva in kvalitete proizvodov. Za določitev topnosti glicerol tristearata-zgoščeni plini in glicerol trioleata-zgoščeni plini smo uporabili visokotlačno optično celico. Meritve smo izvedli pri različnih temperaturah (30, 50, 70 in 90 °C) in tlakih do 600 bar. Cilj našega eksperimentalnega dela je bilo pridobiti podatke o faznih ravnotežjih za glicerol tristearat in glicerol trioleat v sistemih superkritični CO2 in SF6, ki so ključnega pomena za optimizacijo visokotlačnih separacijskih in formulacijskih procesov. Podatkov o faznih ravnotežij glicerol tristearata-SF6 in glicerol trioleata-SF6 v literaturi ni. Pridobljeni podatki so novi in odpirajo nove perspektive za uporabo SF6 kot topila za različne nosilce. Za raziskave vpliva tlaka na temperaturo tališča in določitev talilne toplote v različnih plinih (dušik in CO2) smo uporabili visokotlačni DSC. Prav tako smo določiti topnosti in difuzijske koeficiente superkritičnega CO2 v različnih naravnih polimerih, ki se uporabljajo v prehrambeni industriji kot vezivo in sicer v različnih celulozah in škrobih. Topnost CO2 v polimeru je odvisna od temperature in tlaka, ter povzroča njegovo nabrekanje in s tem znižanje viskoznosti polimera. S povišanjem topnosti CO2 v polimeru se povečuje tudi masa polimera. Za določanje topnosti CO2 in difuzije smo uporabili magnetno suspenzijsko tehtnico. Meritve smo izvedli s pomočjo magnetne suspenzijske tehtnice pri različnih temperaturah (40, 60 in 80 °C) in tlakih do 300 bar. Določili smo visoke vrednosti topnosti in difuzijskih koeficientov ob izpostavitvi polimerov SC CO2. V nobenem primeru ni prišlo do raztapljanja polimera, ampak je polimer absorbiral CO2 in nabreknil. Iz dobljenih podatkov je razvidno, da topnost CO2 v polimerih z zviševanjem tlaka narašča in z zviševanjem temeperature pada. Zviševanje tlaka povzroča povečanje gostote plina in s tem večjo topnost, pri čemer se poveča volumen polimera. Z zviševanjem temperature pa se znižuje gostota plina. Difuzijski koeficienti CO2 so odvisni od koncentracije CO2 v polimeru. Na začetku se vrednosti difuzijskega koeficienta s povečanjem topnosti dvigajo, dokler CO 2 ne zapolni vseh prostih praznin v polimeru, nato pa začnejo te vrednosti padati zaradi delovanja hidrostatičnega tlaka. Z določitvijo topnosti in difuzijskega koeficienta CO2 v polimerih pri določeni temperaturi in tlaku, smo pridobili več podatkov o faznem ravnotežju polimer-plin, ki so pomembni za razumevanje vpliva in optimiranje procesnih parametrov. V zadnjem delu doktorske disertacije smo vezali naravno rumeno barvilo kurkumin iz začimbe in 10 % tekočega ekstrakta na nosilce kot so trigliceridi, polietilen glikol, ciklodekstrin, celuloze in škrobi. Raziskovali smo različne kombinacije zmesi barvil in različnih nosilcev s superkritičnim CO2. Mikroniziranim praškastim produktom barvil kurkume smo izmerili povprečno velikost in povprečno porazdelitev velikosti nastalih delcev. Izvedli smo tudi superkritične in konvencionalne ekstrakcije kurkume (Curcuma longa L.). Naredili smo več različnih konvencionalnih ekstrakcij: ekstrakcija s hladnim topilom v bučki, Soxhlet ekstrakcija, ekstrakcija z ultrazvokom in ekstrakcija s konvencionalnim topilom pri povišanih tlakih. V dobljenih ekstraktih smo analizirali antioksidativno aktivnost s pomočjo pomočjo radikalske metode. Prav tako smo v ekstraktih določili antioksidacijske vrednosti s standardom Trolox. Preverili smo prisotnost kurkuminoidov v ekstraktih s tankoplastno kromatografijo in primerjali dobljene rezultate s HPLC analizo. V doktorski nalogi smo tudi preverili protimikrobno delovanje mikroniziranih vzorcev na različne bakterije in glive. Protimikrobno delovanje smo preverjali z metodo dif
Cilj istraživanja bio je proizvesti hrenovke (hot dog) u kojima je izmijenjen sastav mesne emluzije, te usporediti njihova senzorna svojstva i mikrobiološku kvalitetu. U tu su svrhu pripremljene tri ...različite emulzije. Kontrolna emulzija (uzorak 1), pripremljena je prema receptu za organske proizvode od govedine. U drugu emulziju (uzorak 2) dodana je cikla u prahu. U trećoj emulziji (uzorak 3) pola udjela jodirane morske soli zamijenjeno je s nitritnom soli. Proizvodi su analizirani na ukupni broj mikroorganizama 1., 7., 14. i 21. dana pohrane. Također, ocijenjena je senzorna kvaliteta proizvedenih hrenovki.
Die Isolierung von Curcuminoiden aus Kurkuma (Curcuma longa L.) wurde durch verschiedene Extraktionsmethoden und Lösungsmittel durchgeführt. Die erhaltenen Extrakte wurden mittels HPLC auf den Gehalt ...an Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin und Bisdemethoxycurcumin analysiert. Darüber hinaus wurde das Einfangen freier Radikale und die antibakterielle Aktivität der Extrakte ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der höchste Ertrag des Extrakts durch herkömmliche Extraktion unter Rühren in Ethanol erzielt wird, was zur höchsten Konzentration an Curcuminoiden führt. Alle erhaltenen Extrakte zeigen starke antimykotische Eigenschaften, aber eine geringe antibakterielle Aktivität.
L’isolamento dei curcuminoidi dalla curcuma (Curcuma longa L.) è stato eseguito con vari metodi di estrazione e solventi. Gli estratti ottenuti sono stati analizzati riguardo al contenuto di curcumina, demetossicurcumina e bisdemetossicurcumina mediante HPLC. Lo studio ha riguardato anche il potenziale di scavenging dei radicali liberi e l’attività antibatterica degli estratti. I risultati mostrano che la resa più alta dell’estratto si ottiene mediante l’estrazione convenzionale con miscelazione in etanolo, che si traduce nella più alta concentrazione di curcuminoidi. Tutti gli estratti ottenuti mostrano spiccate proprietà antimicotiche ma scarsa attività antibatterica.
El aislamiento de curcuminoides de la cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.) se llevó a cabo mediante varios métodos de extracción y solventes. Fue analizado el contenido de curcumina, demetoxicurcumina y bisdemetoxicurcumina de los extractos obtenidos por HPLC. Además, fue encontrado el captura de radicales libres la actividad antibacteriana de los extractos. Los resultados muestran que el mayor rendimiento del extracto se logra mediante la extracción convencional con la mezcla en etanol, lo que da como resultado la mayor concentración de curcuminoides. Todos los extractos obtenidos muestran fuertes propiedades antifúngicas pero baja actividad antibacteriana.
The isolation of curcuminoids from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was performed using different extraction methods and solvents. Obtained extracts were analyzed regarding the contents of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin using HPLC. Furthermore, radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of extracts were also determined. Results show that the highest yield of the extract is obtained using conventional extraction with mixing in ethanol, resulting also with the highest concentration of curcuminoids. All obtained extracts show strong antifungal properties but low antibacterial activity.
Izolacija kurkuminoida iz kurkume (Curcuma longa L.) provedena je različitim metodama ekstrakcije i otapala. Dobiveni ekstrakti analizirani su s obzirom na sadržaj kurkumina, demetoksikurkumina i bisdemetoksikurkumina pomoću HPLC. Nadalje, utvrđeno je hvatanje slobodnih radikala i antibakterijska aktivnost ekstrakata. Rezultati pokazuju da se najveći prinos ekstrakta postiže konvencionalnom ekstrakcijom uz miješanje u etanolu, što rezultira i najvećom koncentracijom kurkuminoida. Svi dobiveni ekstrakti pokazuju jaka antifungalna svojstva, ali nisku antibakterijsku aktivnost.
•Ion pair solid phase extraction enhances retention of 5-fluorouracil on reversed phase sorbents.•5-Fluorouracil was determined in oncological wastewaters and wastewater treatment plant ...influents.•5-Fluorouracil is more prone to environmental degradation in comparison to its prodrug capecitabine.•5-Fluorouracil is formed by UV degradation and by microbial biodegradation of capecitabine.•Six transformation products of 5-fluorouracil and ten transformation products of capecitabine are proposed.
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a fluorinated pyrimidine analogue important in the treatment of cancer whose fate in the environment is yet to be fully addressed. Due to its high polarity 5-FU requires challenging sample preparation and therefore we thoroughly investigated different solid phase extraction mechanisms (ion pair, ion exchange, reversed phase), sorbents and derivatisation agents to enable trace-level analysis of 5-FU based on GC–MS/MS in natural and wastewaters. Ion pair and ion exchange retention mechanisms enable the extraction of 5-FU from deionised water, but were inappropriate for complex environmental matrices, where the reversed phase sorbent Isolute ENV+ gave the best extraction efficiencies (53% and 93% for wastewaters and surface waters, respectively). Further, alkylation was rejected in favour of silylation with MTBSTFA. The achieved limits of quantification (LOQ) for waste and surface waters were 1.6ng/L and 0.54ng/L, respectively. The method was used to analyse samples of hospital, wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent and surface waters. 5-FU was quantified in four out of the twelve samples of oncological ward wastewaters and municipal wastewater treatment plant influents in concentrations from 4.7ng/L to 92ng/L. This work is also the first to study the environmental transformation of 5-FU and its prodrug capecitabine (CAP). Their removal and transformation was simulated using a series of biodegradation and photodegradation experiments, where 5-FU proved more degradable in comparison to CAP. Transformation of 5-FU and CAP was studied by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–QqTOF). Overall, six transformation products for 5-FU and ten for CAP are proposed; 13 of these are to our knowledge published for the first time.
Unoperated aortic aneurysm: A survey of 170 patients Perko, Mario J.; Nørgaard, Martin; Herzog, Tina M. ...
The Annals of thoracic surgery,
05/1995, Letnik:
59, Številka:
5
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
From 1984 to 1993, 1,053 patients were admitted with aortic aneurysm (AA) and 170 (15%) were not operated on. The most frequent reason for nonoperative management was presumed technical ...inoperability. Survivals for patients with thoracic, thoracoabdominal, and abdominal AA were comparable. No significant differences in survival for patients with dissecting and nondissecting AA were detected. In all, 132 patients (78%) died and 78 (59%) of them died of rupture. Mean time to rupture was 1,300 ± 8 days. Cumulative 5-year hazard of rupture for the dissecting AA was twice that of the nondissecting (
p < 0.001). Hazards of rupture for type A and B dissections were comparable. Diameter of 6 cm or greater was associated with a fivefold increase in cumulative hazard of rupture (
p < 0.001). Diameter of AA, incidence of renal failure, and arterial hypertension were predictive of mortality, whereas the first two variables were predictive of rupture. In conclusion, because the majority of patients in all subgroups died of rupture, all patients should be recognized as candidates for surgical treatment. Present data justify aggressive approach to the patient with AA 6 cm or more in diameter and type A dissections. The results suggest that type B dissections may have a more favorable course if operated on, but a prospective, randomized study is necessary to confirm this observation. We believe that older patients and those with a small aneurysm may benefit from early, elective operation.
