Water supply of the western part of the Island of Korčula relies on groundwater abstracted from the top layer of a Carbonate aquifer located in the Blatsko Polje field at four wells with total yield ...of 65 l/s. In years when the rainfall is above average, the pumped water salinity increases. Hydrogeological investigations were carried out in order to assess the available groundwater quantity and its optimum harnessing. The investigations included analysis of data on daily measurements of the groundwater tables, chloride content, rainfall and pumping rates, determination of hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer, catchment area, and development of water balance. It was determined that karstification of deposits in the field (polje) is rather low, namely that water storage capacities are limited. The groundwater reserves are limited and directly related to rainfall rates. With catchment area of 22 km2 , rainfall rate of 700 mm a year is a critical amount, which covers the present water demand during the summer season provided over 70 % of rainfall has fallen during the colder period of year, when evaporation is less intensive. The current well-field yield exhaust the complete groundwater reserves and there is no possibility of tapping any additional amounts. The pumping regime during the summer season should be balanced by round-a-clock operation of all pumps at lower rates, while additional water quantities should be supplied from other sources.
Za vodoopskrbu zapadnog dijela otoka Korčule koristi se podzemna voda koja se zahvaća iz vršnog dijela karbonatnog vodonosnika u Blatskom polju pomoću četiri zdenca s ukupnom izdašnošću od 65 l/s. U godinama s ispodprosječnom količinom oborina dolazi do povećanja saliniteta u crpljenoj vodi. U cilju procjene raspoloživih količina podzemne vode te njihovog optimalnog korištenja provedena su hidrogeološka istraživanja koja su obuhvatila analizu podataka dnevnih mjerenja razina podzemne vode, sadržaja klorida, padalina i crpnih količina, zatim određivanje hidrogeoloških značajki vodonosnika, površine sliva te izradu bilance. Ustvrđeno je da je na području polja okršenost naslaga relativno slaba, odnosno mogućnost uskladištenja ograničena. Zalihe podzemnih voda su ograničene i direktno ovise o količini oborina. Na površini sliva od 22 km2 količina padalina od 700 mm godišnje predstavlja kritičnu vrijednost koja podmiruje današnju potrošnju vode u ljetnim mjesecima, uz uvjet da preko 70 % oborine padne u hladnijem dijelu godine kada je isparavanje manje. Postojeći eksploatacijski kapacitet ovog crpilišta koristi kompletne zalihe podzemne vode i nema mogućnosti zahvaćanja dodatih količina. Režim crpljenja tijekom ljeta treba ujednačiti na način da crpke rade kontinuirano kroz 24 sata, manjim kapacitetom, a dodatne količine treba osigurati iz drugih izvora.
Water supply of the western part of the Island of Korčula relies on groundwater abstracted from the top layer of a Carbonate aquifer located in the Blatsko Polje field at four wells with total yield ...of 65 l/s. In years when the rainfall is above average, the pumped water salinity increases. Hydrogeological investigations were carried out in order to assess the available groundwater quantity and its optimum harnessing. The investigations included analysis of data on daily measurements of the groundwater tables, chloride content, rainfall and pumping rates, determination of hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer, catchment area, and development of water balance. It was determined that karstification of deposits in the field (polje) is rather low, namely that water storage capacities are limited. The groundwater reserves are limited and directly related to rainfall rates. With catchment area of 22 km2 , rainfall rate of 700 mm a year is a critical amount, which covers the present water demand during the summer season provided over 70 % of rainfall has fallen during the colder period of year, when evaporation is less intensive. The current well-field yield exhaust the complete groundwater reserves and there is no possibility of tapping any additional amounts. The pumping regime during the summer season should be balanced by round-a-clock operation of all pumps at lower rates, while additional water quantities should be supplied from other sources.
Radi vrlo visoke prirodne ranjivosti krških vodonosnika, izrazito je važno precizno određivanje slivne površine. U okviru ovog istraživanja razmatran je utjecaj nagiba terena, gustoće vrtača i vodne ...bilance u procesu razdvajanja složenih krških slivnih područja. Za definiranje hidrogeološke uloge pojedinih litoloških jedinica korištena je kombinacija hidrogeoloških profila s podacima o gustoći vrtača i nagibu terena, dok je za opis propusnosti pojedinih stijenskih jedinica korišten stupanj okšenosti. Za verifikaciju i provjeru izdvojenih slivnih područja korištena je vodna bilanca. Metodologija korištena za utvrđivanje hidrogeološke uloge pojedinog područja i određivanje slivnog područja (rijeka Slunjčica, Hrvatska) prikazana je dijagramom toka. Utvrđeno je da se najveće vrijednosti gustoće vrtača pojavljuju u dijelovima terena s nagibom padina od 0 to 1°, te se smanjuju s povećanjem nagiba padina. Iako rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju da je čak i s malim brojem ulaznih podataka moguće odrediti slivno područje u kršu, potrebno je dodatno naglasiti da analiza gustoće vrtača predstavlja nezamjenjiv alat prilikom istraživanja vezanih za određivanje slivnih područja u kršu.
Exposure to air pollution and poor indoor air quality is associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes, especially in schoolchildren. This paper presents results of the pilot study of the ...formaldehyde, benzene, and nitrogen dioxide measurements in classrooms and at outdoor sites in two schools in Osijek, Croatia, carried out by the Institute of Public Health for the Osijek-Baranya County and WHO. Concentrations of formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide in classrooms (formaldehyde average weekly concentration = 8.48 μg/m
3
, SD = 2.33; NO
2
average weekly concentration = 11.12 μg/m
3
, SD = 2.49) were below the WHO guideline values for indoor air. The concentration of benzene in indoor air in one school (0.44 μg/m
3
) was similar to the level of this chemical in ambient air (0.65 μg/m
3
) while the data for another school (1.63 μg/m
3
) suggested the presence of indoor sources of benzene. The highest concentration of formaldehyde was observed in a room where mold, dampness, and condensation contamination were visible. School power plants and road traffic affected higher values of indoor air NO
2
concentration.
Concurrent spontaneous hemopericardium and hemothorax due to anticoagulant use are extremely rare in clinical practice. Dabigatran is an oral direct thrombin inhibitor approved to prevent stroke or ...thromboembolic episodes in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. We report the case of a 73-year-old man who received dabigatran therapy (150 mg twice a day) for 3 months and developed massive spontaneous hemothorax and hemopericardium associated with fever. Emergency chest computed tomography scan established higher-density pericardial effusion (22HU) and left pleural effusion of heterogeneous density (5–15 HU) which could be hemorrhagic content while the heart ultrasound finding confirmed pericardial effusion 7–9 mm thick, without affecting hemodynamics. Almost 1100 mL of blood was drained by ultrasoundguided thoracentesis. After excluding other possible causes, diagnostic withdrawal was performed for dabigatran and no further pleural or pericardium effusion developed after dabigatran was discontinued. Therefore, practitioners could be aware of hemothorax as well as hemopericardium as a potential complication of dabigatran therapy.
Istodobno
spontani hemoperikard i hemotoraks tijekom primjene oralnih antikoagulanata
izuzetno je rijetka pojava u kliničkoj praksi. Dabigatran je oralni izravni
inhibitor trombina odobren za prevenciju moždanog udara ili tromboembolijskih događaja
u bolesnika s nevalvularnom fibrilacijom atrija. Prikazan je slučaj
73-godišnjaka na terapiji dabigatranom (150 mg dva puta dnevno) od 3 mjeseca sa
razvojem masivnog spontanog hemotoraksa i hemoperikarda praćeno vrućicom.
Višeslojna kompjutorizirana tomografija (MSCT) toraksa je pokazala
perikardijalni izljev veće gustoće (22HU) kao lijevi pleuralni izljev
heterogene gustoće (5–15 HU), opisano kao mogući hemoragični sadržaj, dok je
nalaz ultrazvuka srca verificirao perikardijalni izljev od 7–9 mm, bez utjecaja
na hemodinamiku. Torakocentezom se evakuira gotovo 1100 ml krvi. Urađenom
kliničkom obradom isključeni su drugi uzroci te se izostavljanjem dabigatrana
iz terapije prekinulo daljnje nakupljanje krvi u perikard ili pleuralni
prostor. Tijekom primjene dabigatrana moguć je potencijalni nastanak
hemoragičnih komplikacija na koje svakako treba pomišljati.
Concurrent spontaneous hemopericardium and hemothorax due to anticoagulant use are extremely rare in clinical practice. Dabigatran is an oral direct thrombin inhibitor approved to prevent stroke or ...thromboembolic episodes in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. We report the case of a 73-year-old man who received dabigatran therapy (150 mg twice a day) for 3 months and developed massive spontaneous hemothorax and hemopericardium associated with fever. Emergency chest computed tomography scan established higher-density pericardial effusion (22HU) and left pleural effusion of heterogeneous density (5–15 HU) which could be hemorrhagic content while the heart ultrasound finding confirmed pericardial effusion 7–9 mm thick, without affecting hemodynamics. Almost 1100 mL of blood was drained by ultrasoundguided thoracentesis. After excluding other possible causes, diagnostic withdrawal was performed for dabigatran and no further pleural or pericardium effusion developed after dabigatran was discontinued. Therefore, practitioners could be aware of hemothorax as well as hemopericardium as a potential complication of dabigatran therapy.
Studies of operational pollution carried out by European commission – Joint Research Centre in the Mediterranean Sea for the years 1999–2004 are briefly introduced. The specific analysis of the ...Adriatic Sea for the same period demonstrates that this area has been characterized by a relevant number of illegal discharges from ships.
After setting the historical background of the project AESOP (aerial and satellite surveillance of operational pollution in the Adriatic Sea), the content, partners and aim of the project are presented.
Finally, the results of the first phase of the AESOP project are presented. The results seem very encouraging. For the first time in the Adriatic, real time detection of oil spills in satellite images and an immediate verification by the Coast Guard has been undertaken. An exploratory activity has also been carried out in collaboration with the University of Ljubljana to use automatic information system (AIS) to identify the ships detected in the satellite images.
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