Objective. To evaluate the effect of three energy sources on the intake, total apparent digestibility and excretion of nutrients in cattle diet. Materials and methods. Six ruminally cannulated cows ...(730 ± 70 kg) were distributed into three treatments in a replicated 3x3 Latin square experimental design, where: (I) Control: Low ether extract diet (3.50% EE); (II) Soybean: High ether extract diet (5.30% EE) with inclusion of 15% soybean and (III) Citrus pulp: Low ether extract diet (3.00% EE) and high pectin involvement with inclusion of 15% citrus pulp. To determine the digestibility of DM and its fractions, chromic oxide was used as a marker. Nutrient excretion was calculated from the digestibility coefficient of each fraction. Results. The soybean treatment reduced (p<0.05) dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free extract and organic matter intake and increased ether extract intake. There was no effect (p>0.05) of the energy source on the digestibility coefficients of DM, CP, NDF, EE, NFE or OM. The TDN value was higher for the soybean treatment. The excretion of DM, NFE and OM was lower (p<0.05) for the soybean treatment. All energy sources influenced the excretion of crude protein. Conclusions. The energy sources used did not affect the digestibility of the diets and are indicated as high potential sources to be used in cattle.
Objective. To evaluate the effect of three energy sources on the intake, total apparent digestibility and excretion of nutrients in cattle diet. Materials and methods. Six ruminally cannulated cows ...(730 + or - 70 kg) were distributed into three treatments in a replicated 3x3 Latin square experimental design, where: (I) Control: Low ether extract diet (3.50% EE); (II) Soybean: High ether extract diet (5.30% EE) with inclusion of 15% soybean and (III) Citrus pulp: Low ether extract diet (3.00% EE) and high pectin involvement with inclusion of 15% citrus pulp. To determine the digestibility of DM and its fractions, chromic oxide was used as a marker. Nutrient excretion was calculated from the digestibility coefficient of each fraction. Results. The soybean treatment reduced (p<0.05) dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free extract and organic matter intake and increased ether extract intake. There was no effect (p>0.05) of the energy source on the digestibility coefficients of DM, CP, NDF, EE, NFE or OM. The TDN value was higher for the soybean treatment. The excretion of DM, NFE and OM was lower (p<0.05) for the soybean treatment. All energy sources influenced the excretion of crude protein. Conclusions. The energy sources used did not affect the digestibility of the diets and are indicated as high potential sources to be used in cattle. Key words: Food consumption, Digestibility, Nutrients, Citrus pulp, Ruminants (Source: USDA). Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de tres fuentes energeticas sobre el consumo, la digestibilidad aparente total y la excrecion de nutrientes de la dieta en bovinos. Materiales y metodos. Seis vacas (730+ or -70 kg) canuladas en rumen fueron distribuidas en tres tratamientos, en un diseno experimental cuadrado latino 3x3 replicado, a saber: (I) Control: Dieta de bajo extracto etereo (3.50% de EE); (II) Soya: Dieta de alto extracto etereo (5.30% de EE) con inclusion de 15% de grano de soya y (III) Pulpa Citrica: Dieta de bajo extracto etereo (3.00% de EE) y alta participacion de pectina con inclusion de 15% de pulpa citrica. Para determinar la digestibilidad de la MS y sus fracciones, fue utilizado el marcador de oxido de cromo. La excrecion de nutrientes, fue calculada a partir de los coeficientes de digestibilidad de cada fraccion. Resultados. El tratamiento con soya redujo (p<0.05) el consumo de materia seca, proteina bruta, extracto no nitrogenado y materia organica, de igual manera, incremento el consumo de extracto etereo. No no se observo efecto (p>0.05) de fuente energetica para los coeficientes de digestibilidad de la MS, PB, FDN, EE, ENN y MO. El valor de NDT fue mayor para el tratamiento con soya. La excrecion de MS, ENN y MO fue menor (p<0.05) para el tratamiento con soya. Todas las fuentes energeticas influyeron en la excrecion de proteina bruta. Conclusiones. Las fuentes energeticas utilizadas, no afectaron la digestibilidad de las dietas, y estan indicadas como fuentes de elevado potencial en la alimentacion de bovinos. Palabras clave: Consumo de alimento, digestibilidad, nutrientes, pulpa citrica, rumiantes (Fuente: USDA).
We report the detection of extended (>0.5-1kpc) high-ionization MgIV 4.487 \(\mu\)m (80 eV) emission in four local luminous infrared galaxies observed with JWST/NIRSpec. Excluding the nucleus and ...outflow of the Type 1 active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the sample, we find that the MgIV luminosity is well correlated with that of H recombination lines, which mainly trace star forming clumps in these objects, and that the ArVI 4.530 \(\mu\)m (75 eV), usually seen in AGN, is undetected. On 100-400pc scales, the MgIV line profiles are broader (sigma(MgIV)=90 +- 25 km/s) and shifted (Delta_v up to +- 50 km/s) compared to those of the H recombination lines and lower ionization transitions (e.g., sigma(Hu-12)=57 +- 15 km/s). The MgIV kinematics follow the large scale rotating velocity field of these galaxies and the broad MgIV profiles are compatible with the broad wings detected in the H recombination lines. Based on these observational results, extended highly ionized gas more turbulent than the ambient interstellar medium, possibly as a result of ionizing shocks associated with star-formation, is the most likely origin of the MgIV emission. We also computed new grids of photoionization and shock models to investigate where the MgIV line originates. Shocks with velocities of 100-130 km/s reproduce the observed line ratios and the MgIV luminosity agrees with that expected from the mechanical energy released by supernove (SNe) in these regions. Therefore, these models support shocks induced by SNe as the origin of the MgIV line. Future studies on the stellar feedback from SNe will benefit from the MgIV line that is little affected by obscuration and, in absence of an AGN, can only be produced by shocks due to its high ionization potential.
Background. Haploidentical family donors represent the ideal solution to offer to every patient with high risk leukemia the potential cure of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Extensive ...application of haploidentical transplantation (haplo-SCT) has been limited by high rate of late transplant related mortality (TRM) and relapse associated with the delayed immune reconstitution (IR) secondary to the procedures of profound T-cell depletion required for severe graft-vs-host-disease (GvHD) prevention.
Methods. In a haplo-SCT phase I-II multicenter, open, non-randomized trial sponsored by MolMed SpA, we infused donor lymphocytes genetically engineered to express the suicide gene herpes simplex thymidine kinase (TK-DLI) to induce early IR, while selectively controlling GvHD. We enrolled 54 patients (pts) -median age 51- with high-risk hematologic malignancies. Thirty-two patients were in remission at transplantation.
Results. After myeloablative conditioning regimen, 50 pts received a median 11×10^6/ kg CD34+ and 1.1×10^4/kg CD3+ after Clinimacs CD34+ selection. Median time to engraftment of neutrophils > 1.0 ×10^9/L and platelets > 50 ×10^9/L was 14 days. TK cells could always be prepared in the appropriate timeframe, and no drop out secondary to inadequate cell manipulation occurred. Twenty-eight pts received TK-DLI at a dose of CD3+ cells of 0.9–40 ×10^6/kg: 22 pts obtained prompt IR with CD3+>100/mcl at day +75 (median) from haplo-SCT and day +23 from TK-DLI. Eleven pts developed GvHD (10 acute GvHD grade I-IV and 1 chronic GvHD) that was always abrogated by the suicide gene induction; no progression from acute GvHD to chronic GvHD and no GvHD-related death or long-term complication occurred. No acute or chronic adverse event related to the gene transfer procedure was observed during extended follow-up. With a median follow-up of 178 days (range 2–1821), the 3-year TRM in intention to-treat (ITT) analysis was 40% with last mortality event at d+166. Significantly, the cumulative infectious mortality was 10% in TK-treated immune-reconstituted patients. Immune reconstitution obtained with TK-cells infusion correlated with rapid development of a wide T-cell repertoire and detection of high frequencies of T-cells specific for opportunistic pathogens. Initially, TK-cells represented the predominant T cell component in reconstituting patients and showed a effector memory phenotype, an oligoclonal repertoire and a persistent ganciclovir sensitivity. At later times, untransduced cells progressively expanded and became the prevalent circulating lymphocyte population. This reconstitution kinetic was observed only in patients with TK-cell engraftment, suggesting a critical homeostatic contribution of TK-cells early after transplant. One year after TK cells infusion the repertoire and distribution of T cell subsets completely normalized. In ITT, the median leukemia-free survival (LFS) for patients transplanted with advanced chemoresistant disease was at d+169, while patients in remission at the time of transplantation showed an overall survival in ITT of 51% at 1 year.
Conclusions. This multicenter trial confirm the safety and potential benefit in improving survival of the gene transfer technology integrated with a standard therapeutic procedure such as allogeneic SCT. The conditional benefit for patients treated with TK cells was remarkable as indicated by a complete abrogation of late infectious mortality provided by the fast and effective immune reconstitution. In the future, this technology based on genetic engineering of activated donor lymphocytes with higher allo-reactive potentialwill potentially impact also the transplant outcome of patients with refractory disease.
Aortic disease frequently requires extended and multiple resections. Occasionally, resection of the entire aorta may be indicated. At our Institution, from 1982 to 1994, 34 patients were operated ...upon for extended and total simultaneous aortic replacement. In seven patients, the aorta was replaced from valve to bifurcation; in 27, the aortic valve was included. Operations were performed with circulatory arrest under profound hypothermia. As the first step, the aortic valve and ascending aorta are replaced and the coronary arteries are reconnected, following which the aortic arch is reconstructed. Meanwhile, a second surgical team proceeds to open the thoracoabdominal aorta and tie up the intercostal orifices. If circulatory arrest is likely to exceed 60 minutes, the aortic graft is clamped and upper body perfusion (1000 cc/min) is begun. Finally, the thoracoabdominal aorta is fully replaced. Cardio‐pulmonary bypass (CPB) with rewarming is resumed only after the operation has been completed. Thirty‐four patients survived operation; five died within 1 month for an overall mortality of 14.7%. No mortality occurred in the most recent nine operations. No permanent spinal neurological deficits occurred. Total simultaneous aortic replacement for treatment of extended aortic disease may be reasonable using our approach.
Background: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a new tool in the evaluation of the systolic and diastolic function. We sought to compare TDI findings in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) due to ...systolic and diastolic dysfunction as well as to assess its usefulness for diagnosing diastolic CHF.
Methods and Results: One hundred and ten outpatients with CHF and 68 controls were prospectively included. Ejection fraction (EF) was obtained by two‐dimensional echocardiography and systolic and diastolic wall motion velocities were recorded for basal septum. Patients without CHF were classified as Group A (controls); those with CHF were classified according to EF in Group B1: > 45% and B2: £ 45%. In groups A, B1, and B2 the mean peak S was 7.74; 5.45 and 4.89 cm/sec (p < 0.001); the mean peak E was 8.56; 5.72, and 6.1 cm/sec (p < 0.001); and the mean A peak was 10.2; 7.3 and 5.3 cm/sec (p < 0.001). Control and CHF groups were different in all terms except E/A ratio (p = 0.001), the E peak and IVRT among groups with CHF were comparable (p = ns). The most useful parameters for identifying diastolic CHF were IVRT and S peak, with area under ROC curves of 0.93 and 0.89. The cut‐off of 115 msec for IVRT and 5.8 cm/sec for S peak showed a sensitivity of 94% and 97%, with a specificity of 82% and 73%, respectively.
TABLE
Parameter
Group A (n = 68)
Group B1 (n = 37)
Group B2 (n = 73)
p value
EF (%)
66.1 ± 7.9
57 ± 7.8
28.8 ± 9.7
0.001
E peak
8.56 ± 2.4
5.72 ± 2.2
6.1 ± 1.9
0.001
A peak
10.2 ± 1.9
7.3 ± 2.9
5.3 ± 2.8
0.001
S peak
7.74 ± 1.4
5.45 ± 1.6
4.89 ± 1.2
0.001
E/A ratio
0.87 ± 0.3
0.96 ± 0.6
1.7 ± 1.5
0.001
IVTR
98 ± 26
166 ± 38
153 ± 42
0.001
IVTC
67 ± 18
110 ± 34
132 ± 47
0.001
Conclusion: TDI velocities were reduced in CHF compared with normal subjects, there were not differences among CHF with preserved or reduced EF in E peak and IVRT. In addition, the systolic velocity as well as IVRT were useful to diagnose CHF with preserved EF. These findings suggest that impairment of left ventricular systolic function is present even in those with diastolic heart failure, and that abnormalities may have an important role to identify that condition.
