The effects of NaCl salinity on growth, leaf water potential (Ψ(w)), CO2 assimilation rate (P(n)), chlorophyll((a+b)) concentration and fluorescence, total carbohydrates, proline concentration and ...Na+ and Cl- concentration as indices of salt tolerance of four olive cultivars (‘Zard’, ‘Ascolana’, ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Arbequina’) were studied. The plants were grown in black, plastic bags containing sand-perlite mixture (1:1) for five months and were irrigated with half strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution containing 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mM NaCl. The results indicated significant differences in salt tolerance among the four olive cultivars. ‘Zard’ was the least tolerant, showing symptoms of chlorosis and necrosis the fourth month of the experiment in the two higher NaCl concentrations. ‘Koroneiki’ showed toxicity symptoms one month later and the other two cultivars did not show any symptoms during the five months duration of the experiment with the ‘Ascolana’ being slightly superior to ‘Arbequina’. After five months from the beginning of the treatments ‘Zard’ showed a 40-45% decrease in shoot length growth compared with the control, ‘Koroneiki’ 23,3-40%, ‘Arbequina’ 21,4-35% and ‘Ascolana’ 22,3-29,6%. At the concentration of 125 mM NaCl, ‘Zard’ showed a decrease in photosynthesis, transpiration, leaf water potential and chlorophyll content of 59, 75, 138 and 58% respectively. The carbohydrate content remained at the same level as the control, while proline content increased by 58%. In ‘Ascolana’ photosynthesis and leaf water potential decreased by 35 and 166%, respectively, while all the other physiological parameters increased. The corresponding parameters in the two other cultivars had intermediate values. An elevated accumulation of Na+ and Cl- in leaves was recorded by increasing the NaCl concentration in solution in all cultivars with ‘Zard’ showing the higher one.
A
bstract
In this paper we present a detailed study of the four-body decay
B
0
→
K
+
π
−
ℓ
+
ℓ
−
, where tensions with the Standard Model predictions have been observed. Our analysis of the decay ...with P- and S-wave contributions to the
K
+
π
−
system develops a complete understanding of the symmetries of the distribution, in the case of massless and massive leptons. In both cases, the symmetries determine relations between the observables in the
B
0
→
K
+
π
−
ℓ
+
ℓ
−
decay distribution. This enables us to define the complete set of observables accessible to experiments, including several that have not previously been identified. The new observables arise when the decay rate is written differentially with respect to
m
K
π
. We demonstrate that experiments will be able to fit this full decay distribution with currently available data sets and investigate the sensitivity to new physics scenarios given the experimental precision that is expected in the future.
The symmetry relations provide a unique handle to explore the behaviour of S-wave observables by expressing them in terms of P-wave observables, therefore minimising the dependence on poorly-known S-wave form factors. Using this approach, we construct two theoretically optimized S-wave observables and explore their sensitivity to new physics. By further exploiting the symmetry relations, we obtain the first bounds on the S-wave observables using two different methods and highlight how these relations may be used as cross-checks of the experimental methodology and the parametrization of the
B
0
→
K
+
π
−
ℓ
+
ℓ
−
differential decay rate. We identify a zero-crossing point that would be at a common dilepton invariant mass for a subset of P- and S-wave observables, and explore the information on new physics and hadronic effects that this zero point can provide.
Abstract Hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT), a serious complication after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), can lead to patient death in the absence of revascularization or retransplantation. ...Herein we have presented clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and long-term outcomes of 3 OLT patients with HAT who were treated conservatively and developed hepatic arterial collaterals. These patients underwent transplantation due to hepatitis B cirrhosis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, or hepatitis C infection and alcoholic disease. They presented with bile duct stenosis and/or a bile leak at 1, 3, and 36 months after transplantation, respectively, and were treated with percutaneous drainage and stent placement, endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP), or reanastomosis of the bile duct over a T tube. HAT was confirmed using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) 3-dimensional (3D) angiography and Doppler sonography. They survive in good condition with normal liver function at 30, 50, and 42 months after OLT, respectively. Development of collateral arterial circulation to the liver graft was detected with MDCT 3D angiography and Doppler sonography. From our experience with 3 patients and a literature review, we believe that there are a number of patients who experience long-term survival after the diagnosis of irreversible HAT and the development of collaterals. Although this group is at high risk for sepsis and biliary complications, these are usually self-limiting complications due to improved treatment regimens. The development of collateral arterial flow may also be beneficial.
Abstract Background Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage liver disease; however, it is associated with a multitude of postoperative complications. Herein we ...have presented our experience with the application of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the follow-up of liver transplant recipients. Patients and Methods Twenty-four liver transplantation patients were examined with triphasic hepatic computed tomography. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were included in the study. Examinations were performed using a multidetector scanner. Results We documented seven cases of thrombosis, three stenosis, and two hepatic artery (HA) aneurysms. Portal vein (PV) stenosis and PV thrombosis were observed in two cases each. We observed one case of synchronous HA and PV stenosis; one inferior vena cava (IVC) and left renal vein thrombosis, and one IVC thrombosis. In three cases of HA obstruction we observed transplant neovascularization. One HA obstruction and one HA stenosis were accompanied by bilomas. Finally, we discovered three cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion In our experience MDCT as a single noninvasive examination, was a sensitive means to detect and evaluate vascular complications after liver transplantation, offering adequate information concerning the liver parenchyma, the rest of the abdomen, and to a lesser extent the biliary tract.
Cerebral vasospasm complicating aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a well-known medical entity. The delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DIND) as a result of vasospasm remain the main cause of ...morbidity among patients who manage to survive this severe disease pattern. When the traditional treatment options, either medical or interventional, fail to reverse vasospasm, continuous intraarterial infusion of nimodipine through catheters directly into the spastic arteries presents a promising treatment modality. Of 73 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2008 and 2009, a total of 27 had Hunt and Hess grades of 4 and 5. Fifteen percent of them showed refractory vasospasms and were treated with continuous nimodipine infusion via catheters in both internal carotid arteries. We present the method's indications and possible complications.
Summary
We report a patient who suffered drop attacks during head reclination. Computer tomography of the cervical spine demonstrated a stenotic right vertebral artery at C4/5. However, Doppler ...ultrasonography of the vertebral artery showed no abnormality. Angiography confirmed complete occlusion of the left vertebral and a stenosis of the right vertebral artery. Dynamic angiography indicated occlusion of the stenotic region on the right side during reclination of the head. Surgery using a posterior approach with decompression of the vertebral artery, lead to an excellent outcome and the patient left the hospital without any symptoms. Therefore, in patients with drop attacks and normal ultrasonography, a stenosis of the vertebral artery caused by a spondylophytic compression could still be the cause. At worst, the stenosis could lead to brain infarction if left untreated. Dynamic angiography is crucial for the diagnosis and surgical decompression has excellent results.
A method for analysing the hadronic resonance contributions in
B
¯
0
→
K
¯
∗
0
μ
+
μ
-
decays is presented. This method uses an empirical model that relies on measurements of the branching fractions ...and polarisation amplitudes of final states involving
J
PC
=
1
-
-
resonances, relative to the short-distance component, across the full dimuon mass spectrum of
B
¯
0
→
K
¯
∗
0
μ
+
μ
-
transitions. The model is in good agreement with existing calculations of hadronic non-local effects. The effect of this contribution to the angular observables is presented and it is demonstrated how the narrow resonances in the
q
2
spectrum provide a dramatic enhancement to
C
P
-violating effects in the short-distance amplitude. Finally, a study of the hadronic resonance effects on lepton universality ratios,
R
K
(
∗
)
, in the presence of new physics is presented.
Three-dimensional (3D) angiography is increasingly used in the diagnostics of brain aneurysms. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3D angiograms with respect to its value for ...preoperative planning of aneurysm clipping.
The 3D angiograms of 42 patients with subarachnoid bleeding caused by aneurysm rupture of the anterior circle of Willis and the intradural carotid have been compared to intraoperative photographs of the aneurysms.
Neighbouring vessels, aneurysm anatomy, arteries originating from the aneurysm wall were accurately shown decreasing the surgical risk of aneurysm clipping.
The 3D images enabled a perfect preoperative planning through the operation by illuminating the aneurysm anatomy, neck localisation and shape and relation of the aneurysm to neighbouring vessels. Operative approach, use of an accurate clip and avoidance of clipping arteries close to the aneurysm have become predictable and safer by the use of 3D angiography.
PDF
