Within a prospective cohort of 150 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients who began first-line protease inhibitor therapy in 1996, the outcome of 42 patients with discrepant virologic ...and immunologic responses to antiretroviral treatment at 12 months was analyzed at 30 months of treatment. The incidence of AIDS-defining events and deaths (14%) in the group of patients with immunologic responses in the absence of a virologic response was higher than that in full-responder patients (2%); yet, the incidence in this group was lower than that in patients with no immunologic response, despite a virologic response (21%), and was lower than that in patients without an immunologic or virologic response (67%; P<.0001, log-rank test). Differences in outcome were significant (relative risk, 6.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.9–39.3) when factors for progression were compared with those of responder patients. The results support the relevance of the CD4 cell marker over plasma HIV load for predicting clinical outcome in patients who do not achieve full immunologic and virologic responses
Dans leur grande majorité, les hommes qui, en France et en Europe, combattirent l’occupant et ses auxiliaires pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale ne furent pas des soldats de métier. Le respect de ...l’ordre et des traditions, l’obéissance stricte à la hiérarchie, la subordination au pouvoir politique dessinaient a priori tout un ensemble d’obstacles à l’entrée en résistance des professionnels du métier des armes. Cependant, le sens du sacrifice, le patriotisme, le courage et la formation militaire furent de possibles raisons de s’engager autant qu’ils constituèrent des ressources inestimables dans la lutte armée, qu’elle se déployât au grand jour ou qu’elle s’organisât dans la nuit de la clandestinité. Cet ouvrage part de ce paradoxe pour examiner au plus près le parcours des militaires qui avaient opté pour le combat en résistance, depuis leur rébellion – spectaculaire ou à bas bruit – jusqu’à leur sortie de guerre. Il entend démontrer en quoi la résistance fut pour ces militaires une expérience hors du commun et exposer à quel degré les armées en furent affectées.
We described comorbidity, resource utilization and mortality for patients with prurigo nodularis (PN) using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Incident PN patients (2008-2018) were ...selected and matched to controls. Of 2,416 PN patients 2,409 (99.7%) were matched to controls. Prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) (relative risk (RR) = 2.571 (95% CI 2.356-2.806), depression (RR=1.705 1.566-1.856), anxiety (RR=1.540 1.407-1.686), coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR=1.575 1.388-1.787), chronic kidney disease (RR=1.529 1.329- 1.759) and type 2 diabetes (RR=1.836 1.597-2.111) were significantly higher for PN patients. Subsequent risk of AD (hazard ratio (HR) =6.58 95% CI 5.17- 8.37), depression (HR=1.61 1.30-1.99) and CHD (HR=1.37 1.09-1.74) were significantly increased. Resource utilization was increased in all settings: incident rate ratio (IIR)= 1.48 (1.47-1.49) primary care, IIR=1.80, (1.75-1.85) inpatients, IIR=2.15 (2.13-2.18) outpatients and IIR=1.32 (1.27-1.36) accident and emergency. Respective costs ratios were 1.78 (1.67-1.90), 1.52 (1.20-1.94), 2.34 (2.13-2.58), 1.55 (1.33-1.80). Total primary and secondary healthcare costs were £2,531 versus £1,333; a cost ratio of 1.62 (1.36-1.94). The adjusted HR for mortality was 1.37 (95% CI 1.14-1.66). Patients with PN had significantly increased rates of comorbidity, healthcare resources utilization and mortality than matched controls.
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