Inadequate wastewater management can cause negative impacts on the ecosystem, becoming an obstacle to aquaculture growth. New technologies have been developed to reduce the nutrient load in ...aquaculture wastewater involving microalgae as phytoremediation agents. In addition to reducing the nutrient load of water bodies, the microalgae‐based phytoremediation can also generate high‐added value biomass. Arthrospira (Spirulina) is a little‐explored genus as a phytoremediation agent for aquaculture wastewater, representing about 30% of the biomass produced in the world that is known for its high concentration of proteins, carotenoids and phycocyanin. Using the aquaculture wastewater is an important strategy to reduce the production costs, obtain high‐added value biomolecules and mitigate the effects of wastewater on the aquatic ecosystem. However, there are few reports of Arthrospira sp. as a remediation agent for aquaculture wastewater that assesses the biochemical composition. This manuscript aimed to review the cellular mechanisms of phytoremediation and the biochemical composition of Arthrospira currently described when grown in aquaculture wastewater.
Freezing of gait (FoG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incapacitating transient phenomenon, followed by continuous postural disorders. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a promising intervention for ...FoG in patients with PD, however, its effects on distinct domains of postural control is not well known. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of SCS on FoG and distinct domains of postural control. Four patients with FoG were implanted with SCS systems in the upper thoracic spine. Anticipatory postural adjustment (APA), reactive postural responses, gait and FoG were biomechanically assessed. In general, the results showed that SCS improved FoG and APA. However, SCS failed to improve reactive postural responses. SCS seems to influence cortical motor circuits, involving the supplementary motor area. On the other hand, reactive posture control to external perturbation that mainly relies on neuronal circuitries involving the brainstem and spinal cord, is less influenced by SCS.
Background
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) is a group of hereditary multisystemic lysosomal disorders. Most neuroimaging studies in MPS have focused on the supratentorial compartment and craniocervical ...junction abnormalities, and data regarding posterior fossa findings are scarce in the literature. Thus, our purpose is to describe posterior fossa findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of MPS patients.
Methods
We reviewed routine MRI scans of MPS patients being followed up at our institution (types I, II, III, IV, and VI), focusing on posterior fossa structures.
Results
Forty‐seven MPS patients were included. MRI‐visible perivascular spaces were commonly found in the midbrain and adjacent to the dentate nuclei (85% and 55% of patients, respectively). White‐matter lesion was not identified in most cases. Its most frequent localizations were in the pons and cerebellum (34% and 30% of patients, respectively). Enlargement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces in the posterior fossa was present in 55% of individuals and was more frequent in neuronopathic patients (73% vs 40%; P = .02). Cerebellar volume was classified as normal, apparent macrocerebellum, atrophic, and hypoplastic in 38%, 38%, 21%, and 3% of patients, respectively. A depression of the posterior fossa floor in the midline sagittal plane was found in 22 patients (47%), which was statistical significantly associated with enlargement of CSF spaces (P = .02) and with apparent macrocerebellum (P = .03).
Conclusion
The present study compiled the main posterior fossa findings in MPS patients. Classically described in the supratentorial compartment, MRI‐visible perivascular spaces, white matter lesions, and enlarged perivascular spaces were also found in the posterior fossa. However, atrophy, which commonly affects cerebral hemispheres, was not the most frequent cerebellar morphology found in our study. Moreover, potential findings for future research were described.
Lentinus crinitus
basidiocarps are an alternative to antimicrobials, but the stipe (24% basidiocarp) is discarded even with potential antimicrobial activity. This study evaluated the antimicrobial ...activity of
L
.
crinitus
basidiocarp pileus and stipe extracts against foodborne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. Basidiocarps of
L
.
crinitus
were grown in sugarcane bagasse and rice husks and the pileus and stipe methanolic extract was analyzed by broth microdilution method for antimicrobial activity against eight bacteria and eight fungi. The minimum bactericidal concentration values for pileus and stipe ranged from 0.40 to 0.50 mg mL
− 1
, for streptomycin from 0.10 to 0.50 mg mL
− 1
, and for ampicillin from 0.40 to 1.20 mg mL
− 1
. The minimum fungicidal concentration values for pileus and stipe ranged from 0.06 to 0.60 mg mL
− 1
, for bifonazole from 0.20 to 0.25 mg mL
− 1
, and for ketoconazole from 0.30 to 3.50 mg mL
− 1
. Extracts had bacteriostatic, bactericidal, fungistatic and fungicidal activity against all microorganisms, but with greater efficiency and specificity for some microorganisms. Both pileus and stipe are promising and sustainable alternatives for use in food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a clinically heterogeneous lysosomal disease, which can be divided into 2 main categories on the basis of age of onset and severity of symptoms. The ...diagnosis of the attenuated form is often delayed given subtle facial features rather than the typical coarse facial features of the classic form. Here, we discuss the difficulties in establishing the diagnosis of MPS VI on the basis of the report of 4 individuals. The most common signs and symptoms in our series were bone abnormalities and hip pain as initial manifestations and cardiac changes detected after follow-up studies. On the basis of our cohort and others worldwide, awareness of attenuated forms of MPS VI should be increased particularly among general practitioners, pediatricians, rheumatologists, orthopedists, ophthalmologists, and cardiologists. Moreover, these health care providers should be aware of the technical aspects involved in the molecular and biochemical diagnosis process so that they are aware how diagnostic errors may occur.
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used for the treatment of chronic pain for nearly five decades. With a high degree of efficacy and a low incidence of adverse events, it is now considered to be ...a suitable therapeutic alternative in most guidelines. Experimental studies suggest that SCS may also be used as a therapy for motor and gait dysfunction in parkinsonian states. The most common and disabling gait dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is freezing of gait (FoG). We review the evolution of SCS for gait disorders from bench to bedside and discuss potential mechanisms of action, neural substrates, and clinical outcomes.
This study aimed to evaluate the properties of xanthan gum produced by
Xanthomonas campestris
pv.
campestris
1866 and 1867 from lignocellulosic agroindustrial wastes. XG was produced using an orbital ...shaker in a culture medium containing coconut shell (CS), cocoa husks (CH), or sucrose (S) minimally supplemented with urea and potassium. The XG production results varied between the CS, CH, and S means, and it was higher with the CH in strains 1866 (4.48 g L
−1
) and 1867 (3.89 g L
−1
). However, there was more apparent viscosity in the S gum (181.88 mPas) and the CS gum (112.06 mPas) for both 1866 and 1867, respectively. The ability of XG
CS
and XG
CH
to emulsify different vegetable oils was similar to the ability of XG
S
. All gums exhibited good thermal stability and marked groups in the elucidation of compounds and particles with rough surfaces.
The main objective of the study was to analyze the effect of age, period and birth cohort on esophageal cancer mortality in Brazil and its geographic regions, per sex. An ecological study is ...presented herein, which evaluated the deaths by esophageal cancer and the distribution, per geographic region. Poisson Regression was utilized to calculate the effects of age, period and birth cohort, and projections were made with the statistical software R, using the age-period-cohort model. Projection of data covered the period 2015-2029. Regarding the geographic regions of Brazil, a decrease was verified, throughout time, for the mortality rates of the South and Southeast regions, for men and women. For the North, Northeast and Midwest regions, an increase was evidenced in mortality rates, mainly for men, after the 2000's. Regarding the projections, a progressive increase of mortality rates was verified for the Northeast and North regions. Divergences evidenced for observed and projected esophageal cancer mortality rates revealed inequalities among the geographic regions of Brazil.
The objective was to estimate the growth curves and genetic parameters using random regression methodology for Nellore cattle raised in Pantanal, MS, Brazil (6974 calves; n = 53,233 weights), with at ...least four weighings per individual. The model considered direct and maternal genetic additives and maternal permanent environmental effects at random. Orthogonal Legendre polynomials of cubic order were used to fit the growth curve. Analyses of variance were performed using the GLM procedure. The model used contained the fixed effects of sex, year of birth, farm, and the covariates calf birth month (linear and quadratic) and cow age at calving (linear and quadratic). The adjusted mean weight at 120 days of age was 93.43 ± 19.78 kg, and for 205 days of age, it was 180.42 ± 26.58 kg. Animals born in the dry season had a higher average weight kg (219.57 vs. 211.78, 3.7% higher) and, consequently, had higher weights at 646 days of age. Estimates of direct heritabilities (h2a) ranged from 0.35 to 0.75 (high magnitudes), and maternal heritabilities (h2m) along the trajectory of low magnitudes ranged from 0.03 to 0.08, respectively. The use of random regression to evaluate beef animals allows for adjusting the growth curve and selecting the best animals to be the parents of future generations.
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