V zadnjih desetletjih se je izobraženost prebivalcev evropskih držav, še posebej mladih, pomembno povečevala, ob tem pa se je zmanjševala verodostojnost jamstva, da višja stopnja formalne izobrazbe ...prinaša ustreznejšo in bolje plačano zaposli tev. Hkrati se spreminjajo prakse zaposlovanja, med drugim tudi zato, ker delodajalci vse pogosteje zahtevajo neformalno pridobljena znanja in veščine, ki so kratkoročno profitabilna, šolska spričevala in diplome pa pripoznavajo za vstopnico v izbirni proces. Za zaposlitev so vse bolj relevantna neformalno pridobljena znanja in veščine, kot so: socialne in komunika cijske spretnosti, informacijska pismenosti, obvladovanja tujih jezikov idr. Od iskalcev zaposlitve se zahteva tudi sposobnost nadgrajevanja formalnih zanj in preusmerjanja od ozkih specifičnih k širšim in splošnejšim kvalifikacijam. Učenje ob delu in učenje na dolgi rok oziroma vseživljenjsko učenje postajata del zaposlitve. Te nove zahteve na trgu dela še posebej priza devajo populacijo mladih iskalcev prve zaposlitve. Kot kažejo raziskave, so mladi socialna skupina, ki je najpogosteje vklju čena v negotove oblike zaposlitve, kot so začasna in občasna dela, dela za določen čas, ki pogosto ne omogočajo izgradnje osebnih profesionalnih karier.
Prispevek obravnava dva problema, povezana s temi ugotovitvami: kako bi bilo mogoče ublažiti posledice dejavnikov, ki na trgu dela odrivajo mlade na družbeno margino, s poudarkom na individualnih vložkih v (dodatno) izobraževanje in vzpostavljaje socialnih omrežij; in ali bi mladi z najvišjimi stopnjami izobrazbe, kot tista skupina, pri kateri se z neustrezno zaposlitvijo izgubi največ znanja, z vlaganjem v človeški in socialni kapital lahko izboljšali svoje kompetence za uspešen prehod iz izobraževanja v zaposlitev.
This paper’s main aim is to observe and confirm youth unemployment as a structural phenomenon in certain EU countries, including Slovenia. An innovative contribution is that it complements the ...prevailing economistic discourse with a sociological one. In the introduction, a brief history and overview of youth unemployment is presented. Slovenia is only briefly mentioned as having one of the relatively longest-lasting youth unemployment rates in the EU. In
and
, approaches from economics and sociology are relied on while discussing three ‘types’ of EU countries with regard to different structural unemployment rates. From a sociological view, the longterm nature of youth unemployment is described, together with its impact on the social structure and (possible) socially destructive and economically destabilizing consequences. In
, analysis of “every-day life” indicators, namely, young people’s perceptions of work and life, reveals some surprising facts that depart from previous findings. In short: young people are more satisfied with their work and lives than older generations.
Based on the concept of teleworkability, its sluggish determinants of industry structure and workplace culture, and the change in people’s valuation of rural amenities that happened during the ...pandemic, this paper analyzes their possible influence on counterurbanization during the pandemic in Sweden and Slovenia. We found signs of open (migration) as well as “hidden” counterurbanization (unregistered rural living) in both countries, stronger in Sweden than in Slovenia, and we found indications that industrial structure and national workplace cultures contributed to differences in the strength of the counterurbanization. In both countries, we found indications that the pandemic contributed to a shift in people’s relative valuation of rural vs. urban amenities. Thus, while the sluggish factors contributed to differences in teleworkability between Sweden and Slovenia, the chock implied similar reactions in the shift of the valuation of amenities. Ever since the counterurbanization of the 1970s, studies of the phenomenon have almost solely been completed within countries, and the few international comparisons that have been completed have been based on comparing the results of the national studies. This study is one of the very first ones that compares counterurbanization and its driving forces in two countries within the same analytical framework.
The fact that qualitative approaches are gaining more and more recognition in social sciences can be explained as a consequence of a change in epistemic and institutional parameters. In this sense we ...can speak about the "post-positivist" era in which more complex and inclusive research designs are needed. Analyzing the development and the state of the art of qualitative research in a small research community, two conclusions can be drawn. First, the attractiveness and utilization of this approach has been increasing in the last decade, while its institutional status (in terms of academic curricula) is still weak. It has been shown that the major step towards the post-positivist state has been taken by international research projects in which Slovenian social scientists have been involved. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0503400
This paper explores the role and significance of independent inventors within the national innovation system. By using a case study based on interviews with 22 independent inventors, it examines the ...types of social capital facilitating independent inventors' access to relevant knowledge and information. The findings show that, in line with their marginalization in the national innovation system, independent inventors have very limited access to the services and assistance of supportive organizations of the national innovation system. They primarily rely on the social capital residing in civil society organizations as well as the social capital of their family and friends. Professional and interdisciplinary linkages can thus be regarded as their weak point hindering their access to relevant knowledge and information.
Die Tatsache, dass qualitative Ansätze immer mehr Bedeutung gewinnen, kann als eine Folge des Wandels von epistemischen und institutionellen Faktoren erklärt werden. Wir können mittlerweile von einer ..."post-positivistischen" Epoche reden, in der die Forschungsanlagen immer komplexer und umfassender werden müssen. Aus der Analyse der Entwicklung und des Standes qualitativer Forschung in einer kleinen Forschungsgemeinschaft können zwei Folgerungen gezogen werden: Zum einen hat die Anziehungskraft und der Nutzen qualitativer Forschung in den letzten zehn Jahren deutlich zugenommen; zum anderen ist ihr institutioneller Status (hinsichtlich der akademischen Ausbildung) noch immer sehr schwach. Es zeigt sich, dass der wichtigste Schritt in Richtung auf eine post-positivistische Epoche im Rahmen von internationalen Forschungsprojekten gemacht wurde, an denen slowenische Sozialwissenschaftler(innen) beteiligt waren.
The fact that qualitative approaches are gaining more and more recognition in social sciences can be explained as a consequence of a change in epistemic and institutional parameters. In this sense we can speak about the "post-positivist" era in which more complex and inclusive research designs are needed. Analyzing the development and the state of the art of qualitative research in a small research community, two conclusions can be drawn. First, the attractiveness and utilization of this approach has been increasing in the last decade, while its institutional status (in terms of academic curricula) is still weak. It has been shown that the major step towards the post-positivist state has been taken by international research projects in which Slovenian social scientists have been involved.
El hecho de que los enfoques cualitativos estén ganando más y mayor reconocimiento en las ciencias sociales puede ser explicado como una consecuencia del cambio en los parámetros institucionales y epistémicos. En este sentido, podemos hablar de una era "post-positivista" en la cual se requieren diseños de investigación más complejos e inclusivos. Se proponen dos conclusiones luego de analizar el desarrollo y el estado del arte de la investigación cualitativa en una pequeña comunidad de investigación. Primero, la atracción y utilización de este enfoque se ha incrementado en la última década mientras que su estatuto institucional (en términos de curricula académicos) es aún débil. Se ha mostrado que los científicos sociales eslovacos han dado los principales pasos hacia el estado post-positivista en los proyectos internacionales en los que han estado participando.
Various historical texts and scientific sociological literature suggest that throughout history individual inventors have played an important role in technological development (see Wagner, Weick, & ...Eakin, 2005). In contrast, they are today seriously undervalued and marginalised as a research subject. The relatively rare studies chiefly address the contribution of individual inventors to economic and technological development relative to corporate inventors in terms of their contribution to the body of patents (Nicholas, 2011; Wagner, Weick, & Eakin, 2005; Anderson, 2004), or the technological complexity of the patents and their future influence as measured by citations (Dahlin et al., 2004; Wagner, Weick, & Eakin, 2005; Fleming, 2006; Wuchty et al., 2007; Singh & Fleming, 2010; Lettl et al., 2009). Such research findings mostly confirm the diminishing role of independent inventors compared to corporate inventors.
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