Cationic surfactants interact with DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid), forming surfactant-DNA complexes that offer particularly efficient control for encapsulation and release of DNA from DNA gel particles. ...In the present work, DNA-based particles were prepared using CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) as the cationic surfactant and modified using two different additives: (Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes) MWNT or PEG (Poly Ethylene Glycol). The use of both additives to form composites increased the stability of the gel particles. The stability was monitored by the release of DNA and CTAB in different pH solutions. However, not much is known about the influence of pH on DNA–surfactant interaction and the release of DNA and surfactant from gel particles. It was observed that the solubilization of DNA occurs only in very acid media, while that of CTAB does not depend on pH and gets to a plateau after about 8 h. Within 2 h in contact with a pH = 2 solution, about 1% DNA and CTAB was released. Complete destruction for the gel particles was observed in pH = 2 solution after 17 days for PEG and 20 days for MWNT. The composite particles show a considerably enlarged sustained release span compared to the unmodified ones. The dehydration-rehydration studies show that the structure of the composite gel particles, as determined from SAXS (Small-Angle-X-Ray-Scattering) experiments, is similar to that of the unmodified ones. These studies will allow a better knowledge of these particles’ formation and evolution in view of possible applications in drug delivery and release.
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The present investigation reports the development of PEG-modified liposomes for the delivery of naturally occurring resveratrol. PEG-modified liposomes were prepared by direct ...sonication of the phospholipid aqueous dispersion, in the presence of two PEG-surfactants. Small, spherical, unilamellar vesicles were produced, as demonstrated by light scattering, cryo-TEM, and SAXS. The aging of the vesicles was assessed by using the Turbiscan® technology, and their physical stability was evaluated in vitro in simulated body fluids, results showing that the key features of the liposomes were preserved. The biocompatibility of the formulations was demonstrated in an ex vivo model of hemolysis in human erythrocytes. Further, the incorporation of resveratrol in PEG-modified liposomes did not affect its intrinsic antioxidant activity, as DPPH radical was almost completely inhibited, and the vesicles were also able to ensure an optimal protection against oxidative stress in an ex vivo human erythrocytes-based model. Therefore, the proposed PEG-modified liposomes, which were prepared by a simple and reliable method, represent an interesting approach to safely deliver resveratrol, ensuring the preservation of the carrier structural integrity in the biological fluids, and the antioxidant efficacy of the polyphenol to be exploited against oxidative stress associated with cancer.
Peri‐implantitis is a pathogenic inflammatory condition characterized by progressive bone loss and clinical inflammation that may compromise the stability of dental implants. Therapeutic modalities ...have been advocated to arrest the disorder and to establish peri‐implant health. Reconstructive therapy is indicated for bone defects exhibiting contained/angular components. This therapeutic modality is based upon the application of the biological and technical principles of periodontal regeneration. Nonetheless, the comparative efficacy of reconstructive therapy and nonreconstructive modalities remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to address major clinical concerns regarding the efficacy, effectiveness, and feasibility of using biomaterials in peri‐implantitis therapy. In particular, the use of bone grafting materials, barrier membranes, and biologics is comprehensively explored.
Background
The objective of this trial was to investigate the clinical and radiographic significance of using a mixture of mineralized and demineralized allografts in combination (M) or not (NM) with ...a resorbable cross‐linked barrier membrane in the reconstructive therapy of peri‐implantitis defects.
Methods
A two‐arm randomized clinical trial was performed in patients diagnosed with peri‐implantitis that exhibited contained defects. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline (T0), 6 months (T1), and 12 months (T2). Radiographic parameters were recorded at T0 and T2. A composite criterion for disease resolution was defined a priori. A generalized linear model of repeated measures with generalized estimation equation statistical methods was used.
Results
Overall, 33 patients (nimplants = 48) completed the study. At T2, mean disease resolution was 77.1%. The use of a barrier membrane did not enhance the probability of disease resolution at T2 (odds ratio OR = 1.55, p = 0.737). Conversely, the odds of disease resolution were statistically associated with the modified plaque index recorded at T0 (OR = 0.13, p = 0.006) and keratinized mucosa width (OR = 2.10, p = 0.035). Moreover, women exhibited greater odds to show disease resolution (OR = 5.56, p = 0.02).
Conclusion
Reconstructive therapy by means of a mixture of mineralized and demineralized allografts is effective in clinically resolving peri‐implantitis and in gaining radiographic marginal bone level. The addition of a barrier membrane to reconstructive therapy of peri‐implantitis does not seem to enhance the outcomes of contained bone defects (NCT05282667).
Background
The present case series assesses the response to reconstructive therapy for the management of 2/3‐wall peri‐implantitis bone defects following submerged‐healing guided bone regeneration.
...Material and Methods
Fifteen consecutive patients with 27 implants presenting peri‐implantitis were included. Guided bone regeneration was applied by means of autogenous bone/deproteinized bovine bone mineral grafting mixture and collagen membrane. Patients were assessed at baseline (T0) and at 6 (T1) and 12 months (T2). Clinical and radiographic variables defined the composite success criteria (probing pocket depth PPD ≤ 5 mm, no bleeding on probing/suppuration (SUP), no further radiographic bone loss). Patient site‐specific comfort was scored using a visual analog scale (VAS). Descriptive statistics was carried out to assess the changes along the study period. Outcomes are reported in terms of mean values (5%‐95% percentile values).
Results
All the clinical variables substantially changed from T0 through T2. In particular, PPD decreased 3.7 mm (0.7‐5.9) from T0 to T2. Likewise, the scores for the modified plaque index (mPI) and modified sulcular bleeding index (mBI) were reduced by 0.5 (−0.5‐1.1) and 1.6 (0.4‐2.4), respectively. SUP did not display at any implant site at T2 (59.2% implants in 29.2% patients suppurated at T0). Keratinized mucosa decreased 0.6 mm (−0.2‐4.4) and while mucosal recession increased 2.5 mm (1.0‐4.3). Alike, the radiographic parameters varied significantly from T0 through T2. Infrabony defects were filled by 2.2 mm (0.0‐8.6) at T2 and marginal bone loss was reduced by 2.3 mm (−1.1‐8.1). The mean VAS score significantly increased from T0 (56.7) through T1 to T2, reaching a score of 96 at T2. At this timepoint, 85.2% of the peri‐implantitis lesions were resolved.
Conclusions
The proposed surgical approach followed by submerged healing to reconstruct peri‐implant bone defects may offer one therapeutic option for failing dental implants. Given the nature of the present study, its effectiveness in comparison to less invasive treatments needs investigation in randomized controlled trials.
Background
Dental plaque biofilm is considered to be the underlying cause of peri‐implant diseases. Moreover, it has been corroborated recently the association between the presence of these diseases ...and deficiently designed implant‐supported prostheses. In this regard, professional‐administered oral hygiene measures have been suggested to play a dominant role in prevention.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted in dental implant patients according to accessibility for self‐performed oral hygiene using a 0.5 mm interproximal brush. Periodontal and peri‐implant status were assessed based on clinical and radiographic variables to determine the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases. In addition, the participants completed a questionnaire on the efficiency and accessibility for self‐performed proximal hygiene. Associations of descriptive data were analyzed using the chi‐squared test and Mann‐Whitney U‐test. Correlations of the variables with the primary outcome (accessibility) were assessed by means of generalized estimation equations and multilevel logistic regression models.
Results
Based on an a priori power calculation, a total of 50 patients (171 implants) were consecutively recruited. From these, 46% of the prostheses allowed proper access for performing proximal hygiene whereas 54% of the prostheses precluded proper access. Poor access for proximal hygiene displayed tendency towards statistical significance with peri‐implant disease (OR = 2.31; P = 0.090), in particular with peri‐implant mucositis (OR = 2.43; P = 0.082) when compared to good access. In addition, an association was observed to increased levels of mucosal redness (P = 0.026) and the full‐mouth bleeding score (P = 0.018). On the other hand, the presence of peri‐implant disease was related to self‐reported assessment of oral hygiene measures (P = 0.015) and to patient perception of gingival/mucosal bleeding when performing oral hygiene (P = 0.026). In turn, the diagnosis of peri‐implant disease was significantly associated to the quantity and quality of information provided at the time of implant therapy (P = 0.004), including the influence of confounders upon disease occurrence (P = 0.038)
Conclusions
To a certain extent, accessibility for self‐performed proximal hygiene is associated to the peri‐implant condition. On the other hand, the information received by the patient from the dental professional is essential for self‐monitoring of the peri‐implant conditions and for alerting to the possible presence of disorders.
Background
There is a paucity of data on the effectiveness of implantoplasty as adjunct to the surgical management of peri‐implantitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resolution of ...peri‐implantitis by means of implantoplasty as adjunct to surgical resective (RES) and reconstructive (REC) therapies and supportive maintenance.
Methods
Patients that underwent surgical therapy to manage peri‐implantitis with a follow‐up of ≥12 months and enrolled in a regular peri‐implant supportive care were recruited. RES group consisted of two interventions that included osseous recontouring and apically position flap (APF) and soft tissue conditioning (STC). REC was performed in the infra‐osseous compartment of combined defects. Implant survival rate was recorded. Clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated to define a “dogmatic” (case definition #1) and a “flexible” (case definition #2) therapeutic success. Univariate and multivariate multilevel backward logistic regression were applied for statistical analysis.
Results
Overall, 43 patients (nimplants = 135) were retrospectively assessed. Mean observational period was ∼24 months. Implant survival rate was 97.8%, being significantly higher for APF, STC, and APF + STC (RES) when compared with REC (P = 0.01) therapy, in particular for advanced lesions (>50% of bone loss). The overall therapeutic success rate at implant‐level was 66% and 79.5% for case definition #1 and #2, respectively. APF group displayed more efficient disease resolution when considered success definition #1 (72%). Contrarily, when the data were adhered to success definition #2, STC group showed a slightly higher disease resolution rate (87%). For RES group, location, favoring anterior (P = 0.04) and defect type, favoring class II (P = 0.02) displayed statistical significance for therapeutic success. For REC group, implants exhibiting a wider band of keratinized mucosa (KM) demonstrated higher therapeutic success (P = 0.008).
Conclusion
Implantoplasty as an adjunct to surgical therapy proved effective in terms of disease resolution and implant survival rate. Implant location, defect morphology as well as the buccal width of KM are indicators of therapeutic success.
Essential oils are well known for their biological properties, making them useful for the treatment of various diseases. However, because of their poor stability and high volatility, their potential ...cannot be fully exploited. The use of nanoformulations to deliver essential oils can solve these critical issues and amplify their biological activities. We characterized an essential oil from
via GC-MS and HPLC-DAD to provide qualitative and quantitative data. The essential oil was formulated in phospholipid vesicles which were characterized for size, surface charge, and storage stability. The entrapment efficiency was evaluated as the quantification of the major monoterpenoid phenols via HPLC-DAD. The morphological characterization of the vesicles was carried out via cryo-TEM and SAXS analyses. The essential oil's antioxidant potential was assayed via two colorimetric tests (DPPH
and FRAP) and its cytocompatibility was evaluated in HaCaT skin cell cultures. The results showed that the nanoformulations developed for the loading of
essential oil were below 100 nm in size, predominantly unilamellar, stable in storage, and had high entrapment efficiencies. The vesicles also displayed antioxidant properties and high cytocompatibility. These promising findings pave the way for further investigation of the therapeutic potential of
nanoformulations upon skin application.
Background
To assess linear and volumetric changes following the treatment of gingival recessions (GRs) by means of a modified coronally advanced tunnel technique combined with acellular dermal ...matrix (MTUN + ADM).
Materials and Methods
Patients presenting GR type 1 (RT1) GRs underwent root coverage surgery consisting of MTUN + ADM. Clinical measurements were made, and intraoral scans were obtained at baseline, postoperatively, and 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after surgery, to evaluate changes in probing depth (PD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), recession depth (RD), recession area (RA), marginal gingival thickness (MGT), and mucosal volume (MV). The impact of patient‐level and surgical‐site variables upon percentage root coverage (% RC) and the likelihood of achieving complete root coverage (CRC) were explored.
Results
A total of 20 patients (n = 47 teeth) were treated. After 6 months, RD and RA decreased, while KTW, MGT, and MV increased. The mean % RC was 93% at 6 months and CRC was found on 72.3% of the sites at 6 months. The postoperative MGT changes at 1.5 and 3 mm were significantly correlated to % RC and CRC at 6 months. Each additional mm of postoperative gain of gingival thickness resulted in a 4‐fold increase in the probability of achieving CRC. Additionally, gingival margin positioned ≥0.5 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction immediately after surgery was a strong predictor of CRC.
Conclusions
The MGT gain at 1.5 and 3 mm achieved in the immediate postoperative period is a significant predictor of CRC at 6 months when treating multiple GRs via MTUN + ADM.
Clinical Significance
The Scientific rationale for the study relies on the lack of 3D digital measuring tools in the assessment of soft tissue healing dynamics after root coverage therapy. The principal findings of this study can be summarized as follows: tooth type, tooth position, and post‐operative gingival margin position and gingival thickness and volume changes are predictors of CRC. Therefore, the practical implications are that the more thickness and more coronal advancement achieved immediately after root coverage surgery, the higher chance of achieving CRC.
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