The biostratigraphic data on the ammonoid, brachiopod, conodont, and ostracod assemblages of the Mamontovo and Zarechnoe horizons of the Salair were revised and analyzed. The stratigraphic succession ...of the Middle Devonian deposits of the Salair is clarified, and the new Zarechnoe Horizon, including the Akarachkino, Safonovo, and Kerlegesh beds, is proposed. The upper Eifelian ammonoid assemblage of the Agoniatites Zone, established in the upper part of the Akarachkino Beds, is the biostratigraphic level for global correlations. The upper Eifelian and lower Givetian brachiopod assemblage (
Indospirifer padaukpinensis
(=
I. pseudowilliamsi
)) characterizes the Safonovo Beds. Two middle Givetian brachiopod zones were recognized in the Kerlegesh Beds: Rhynchospirifer hians (=Ilmenia subhians) and Subrensselandia? salairica (=“Chascothyris” salairica). The conodont assemblage of the Akarachkino Beds characterizes the upper Eifelian. The middle Givetian conodont assemblage, including
Icriodus difficilis
Ziegler et Klapper,
Polygnathus linguiformis
klapperi
Clausen,
Leuteritz
et Ziegler,
Po. parawebbi
Chatterton beta morphotype,
Po. ovatinodosus
Ziegler et Klapper, and
Po. pseudofoliatus
Wittekind, was found in the upper part of the Safonovo Beds. No conodont assemblage was found in the Kerlegesh Beds.
Soft gamma repeaters outside the Local Group Popov, S. B.; Stern, B. E.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
January 2006, Letnik:
365, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We propose that the best sites to search for soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) outside the Local Group are galaxies with active massive-star formation. Different possibilities to observe SGR activity from ...these sites are discussed. In particular, we have searched for giant flares from the nearby galaxies (∼2–4 Mpc away) M82, M83, NGC 253 and 4945 in the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) data. No candidate giant SGR flares were found. The absence of such detections implies that the rate of giant flares with energy release in the initial spike above 0.5 × 1044 erg is less than 1/30 yr−1 in our Galaxy. However, hyperflares similar to that of 2004 December 27 can be observed from larger distances. Nevertheless, we do not see any significant excess of short GRBs from the Virgo galaxy cluster or from the galaxies Arp 299 and NGC 3256 (both with extremely high star formation rates). This implies that the Galactic rate of hyperflares with energy release ∼1046 erg is less than ∼10−3 yr−1. With this constraint the fraction of possible extragalactic SGR hyperflares among BATSE's short GRBs should not exceed a few per cent. We present the list of short GRBs coincident with the galaxies mentioned above, and discuss the possibility that some of them are SGR giant flares. We propose that the best target for the observations of extragalactic SGR flares with Swift is the Virgo cluster.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common oncological diseases, which passes through two stages in its development: localized PCa and castration-resistant PCa (CR-PCa). The first ...stage—localized prostate cancer—can proceed indefinitely in a dormant form that does not require active medical intervention, or suddenly turn into an aggressive metastatic form (CR-PCa)
,
ending in rapid death. The pathogenesis of the transition of the dormant form of PCa to the metastatic form remains not fully understood. The signaling pathways of tumor suppressor pRb and proto-oncogene β-catenin are probably the most involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, but the role of their interaction has not been studied. The publication on the pathogenesis of tumors in other tissues suggests that pRb may lose some properties of a tumor suppressor at the initial stage of PCa development due to its interaction with β-catenin that enables tumor cells to gain competitive advantages for reproduction. In this work, we showed that the genes
RB
and β-catenin (
CTNNB1
) are expressed in tumor and normal prostate tissue. Unlike β-catenin, pRb is not detected by immunoblotting in tumor and normal prostate tissue, but is easily detected in this way in extracts of control T98G cells. Co-immunoprecipitation with antibodies to pRb from extracts of tumor and normal prostate tissue makes it possible to detect this protein and β-catenin by subsequent immunoblotting, which indicates the physical interaction of these proteins in prostate tissue. On the other hand, immunoprecipitation of β-catenin with antibodies to its C-terminal fragment does not make it possible to detect this protein in prostate extracts by subsequent immunoblotting using the same antibodies. In contrast to prostate tissue, β-catenin was readily detected by immunoprecipitation coupled with immunoblotting in extracts of control T98G cells. The obtained data suggest that pRb and β-catenin physically interact with each other in cells of different tissue specificity. In T98G cells, this interaction probably occurs through the C-terminal fragment of β-catenin, but in prostate cells it occurs in a different way, since the C fragment of β-catenin is shielded from such interaction, possibly due to its physical association with pRb.
Abstract
This study examines the problems of geodetic support of cadastral works in terms of inaccuracies in determining the coordinates of land boundaries. The problems of the geodesic industry as a ...whole are also considered, in particular, in the section of engineering and geodetic surveys of the Voronezh region there are many flaws, contradictions, and shortcomings. In this paper, all these negative phenomena will be revealed, the causes will be identified, and a solution to these problems will be proposed. The paper reveals the concept of "infrastructure of geodetic works". The analysis of the current state of the infrastructure of geodetic works on the territory of the Voronezh region of the Russian Federation is performed. A regional program for reconstruction and improvement of the quality of coordinate descriptions of points in geodetic networks of the Voronezh region was proposed and developed. Conclusions are drawn and suggestions are given for the success of the reconstruction of the infrastructure of geodetic works in the Voronezh region
Abstract
Background and study aims
Women remain underrepresented in gastroenterology, especially advanced endoscopy. Women represent 30 % of general gastroenterology fellows; yet in 2019, only 12.8 ...% of fellows who matched into advanced endoscopy fellowship (AEF) programs were women.
Methods
We administered a web-based survey to the program directors (PDs) of AEF programs that participated in the 2018–2019 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) match. We assessed PD and program characteristics, in addition to perceived barriers and facilitators (scale 1–5, 5 = most important) influencing women pursuing AEF training.
Results
We received 38 (59.3 %) responses from 64 PDs. 15.8 % (6/38) of AEF PDs and 13.2 % (5/38) of endoscopy chiefs were women. By program, women represented 14.8 % (mean) ± 17.0 % (SD) of AEF faculty and 12.0 % (mean) ± 11.1 % (SD) of AEF trainees over the past 10 years. 47.4 % (18/38) programs reported no female advanced endoscopy faculty and 31.6 % (12/38) of programs have never had a female fellow. Percentage of female fellows was strongly associated with percentage of female AEF faculty (ß = 0.43,
P
< 0.001). Inflexible hours and call (mean rank 3.3 ± 1.1), exposure to fluoroscopy (2.9 ± 1.1), lack of women endoscopists at national conferences/courses (2.9 ± 1.1) and lack of female mentorship (2.9 ± 1.0) were cited as the most important barriers to recruitment.
Conclusion
We utilized a survey of AEF PDs participating in the ASGE match to determine program characteristics and identify contributors to gender disparity. Women represent a minority of AEF PDs, endoscopy chiefs, advanced endoscopy faculty and AEF trainees. Our study highlights perceived barriers and facilitators to recruitment, and emphasizes the importance of having female representation in faculty, and leadership positions in endoscopy.
In the present study, the structure of sedimentary basins in the eastern Asia Arctic zone is analysed by employing the approach based on decompensative gravity anomalies. Two obtained models, ...differing in their initial conditions, provide thickness and density of sediments in the study area. They demonstrate essentially new details on the structure, shape, and density of the sedimentary basins. Significant changes in the sedimentary thickness and the depo-centre location have been found for the Anadyr Basin in its continental part. Also, new details on the sedimentary thickness distribution have been revealed for the central part of the Penzhin and Pustorets basins; for the latter, the new location of the depo-centre has been identified. The new model agrees well with the seismic data on the sedimentary thickness for the offshore part of the Chauna Basin confirming that the method is robust. The most significant lateral redistribution of the thickness has been found for the Lower Cretaceous coal-bearing strata in the northern part of the Zyryanka Basin, where the connection of two coal-bearing zones, which was not previously mapped, has been identified. Also, the new details on the sedimentary thickness distribution have been discovered for the Primorsk Basin. Therefore, the new results substantially improve our knowledge about the region, since previous geological and geophysical studies were unsystematic, sparse, and limited in depth. Thus, the implementation of the decompensative gravity anomalies approach provides a better understanding of the evolution of the sedimentary basins and the obtained results can be used for planning future detailed studies in the area.
The need to increase the adenoma detection rate (ADR) for colorectal cancer screening has ushered in devices that mechanically or optically improve conventional colonoscopy. Recently, new technology ...devices (NTDs) have become available. We aimed to compare the ADR, polyp detection rate (PDR), and adenoma miss rate (AMR) between NTDs and conventional colonoscopy and between mechanical and optical NTDs.
MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from inception through September 2017 for articles or abstracts reporting ADR, PDR, and AMR with NTDs. Randomized controlled trials and case-control studies with >10 subjects were included. Primary outcomes included ADR, PDR, and AMR odds ratio (OR) between conventional colonoscopy and NTDs. Secondary outcomes included cecal intubation rates, adverse events, cecal intubation time, and total colonoscopy time.
From 141 citations, 45 studies with 20,887 subjects were eligible for ≥1 analyses. Overall, the ORs for ADR (1.35; 95% confidence interval CI 1.24-1.47; P < .01) and PDR (1.51; 95% CI, 1.37-1.67; P < .01) were higher with NTDs. Higher ADR (OR, 1.52 vs 1.25; P = .035) and PDR (OR, 1.63 vs 1.10; P ≤ .01) were observed with mechanical NTDs. The overall AMR with NTDs was lower compared with conventional colonoscopy (OR, .19; 95% CI, .14-.26; P < .01). Mechanical NTDs had lower AMRs compared with optical NTDs (OR, .10 vs .33; P < .01). No differences in cecal intubation rates, cecal intubation time, or total colonoscopy time were found.
Newer endoscopic technologies are an effective option to improve ADR and PDR and decrease AMR, particularly with mechanical NTDs. No differences in operability and safety were found.
We study the evolution of isolated neutron stars on long time-scales and calculate the distribution of these sources in the main evolutionary stages: ejector, propeller, accretor and georotator. We ...make comparisons among different initial magnetic field distributions taking into account the possibility of magnetic field decay, and include in our calculations the stage of subsonic propeller. It is shown that though the subsonic propeller stage can be relatively long, initially highly magnetized neutron stars (B0≳ 1013 G) reach the accretion regime within the Galactic lifetime if their kick velocities are not too large. The fact that in previous studies made >10 yr ago such objects were not considered results in a slight increase of the accretor fraction in comparison with earlier conclusions. Most of the neutron stars similar to the Magnificent Seven are expected to become accreting from the interstellar medium after a few billion years of their evolution. They are the main predecessors of accreting isolated neutron stars.
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