The performance of the CMS Level-1 Trigger for supersymmetric events at an LHC luminosity of 2 x 1033 cm-2s-1 is reviewed. Energy and momentum trigger thresholds have been chosen to yield a maximum ...Level-1 output rate of 50 kHz, within a safety factor of three. The Level-1 trigger efficiencies for the majority of the channels studied are found to be greater than 90%, which provides a good basis for the High-Level Trigger, where more stringent conditions are applied. Reasons for occasional lower efficiencies are given.
SPb and SS interactions at 200 A GeV/c, as measured by the NA36 experiment at CERN, have been classified according to the number of participant protons of the projectile, by means of a precise ...identification of the charge of the projectile fragment produced. Rapidity and transverse momentum spectra of
π
− associated with the production of
Z = 10 to
Z = 15 projectile fragments are presented and compared to three models with different mechanisms of final particle production.
This book provides an overview of the current epidemiology of the HIV epidemic among young people in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) and examines the efforts to confront and reduce the high level ...of new HIV infections amongst young people. Taking a multi-dimensional approach to prevention, the contributors discuss the many challenges facing these efforts, in view of the slow progress in curbing the incidence of HIV amongst young people, focusing particularly on the structural and social drivers of HIV. Through an examination of these issues, chapters in this book provide valuable insights on how to mitigate HIV risk among young people and what can be regarded as the catalysts to mounting credible policy and programmatic responses required to achieve epidemic control in the region. The contributors draw on examples from a range of primary and secondary data sources to illustrate promising practices and challenges in HIV prevention, demonstrating links between conceptual approaches to prevention and lessons learnt from implementation projects in the region. Bringing together social scientists and public health experts who are actively engaged in finding effective solutions, the book discusses ‘which interventions works’, ‘why they work’, and the limitations and gaps in our knowledge to curb the pandemic amongst young people. As such it is an important read for researchers focusing on HIV/AIDS and public health.
A high statistics study of the negative particle multiplicity distribution from S–Pb collisions at 200 GeV/c per nucleon is presented. The NA36 TPC was used to detect charged particles; corrections ...are based upon the maximum entropy method.
Abstract
Multiwavelength observations suggest that the accretion disk in the hard and intermediate states of X-ray binaries (XRBs) and active galactic nucleus transitions from a cold, thin disk at ...large distances into a hot, thick flow close to the black hole (BH). However, the formation, structure, and dynamics of such truncated disks are poorly constrained due to the complexity of the thermodynamic, magnetic, and radiative processes involved. We present the first radiation-transport two-temperature general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of truncated disks radiating at ∼35% of the Eddington luminosity with and without large-scale poloidal magnetic flux. We demonstrate that when a geometrically thin accretion disk is threaded by large-scale net poloidal magnetic flux, it self-consistently transitions at small radii into a two-phase medium of cold gas clumps floating through a hot, magnetically dominated corona. This transition occurs at a well-defined truncation radius determined by the distance out to which the disk is saturated with magnetic flux. The average ion and electron temperatures in the semiopaque corona reach, respectively,
T
i
≳ 10
10
K and
T
e
≳ 5 × 10
8
K. The system produces radiation, powerful collimated jets, and broader winds at the total energy efficiency exceeding 90%, the highest ever energy extraction efficiency from a spinning BH by a radiatively efficient flow in a GRMHD simulation. This is consistent with jetted ejections observed during XRB outbursts. The two-phase medium may naturally lead to broadened iron line emission observed in the hard state.
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