Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the mechanisms of conflict between residents and tourists and to propose a conceptual model to assess the impact of such conflicts on city tourism and ...to suggest a framework to develop strategies to deal with such conflicts and mitigate negative impacts.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on desk research a conceptual model was developed which describes the drivers of conflicts between residents and visitors. Building blocks of the model are visitors and their attributes, residents and their attributes, conflict mechanisms and critical encounters between residents and visitors, and indicators of the quality and quantity of tourist facilities. Subsequently the model was used to analyse the situation in Hamburg. For this analysis concentration values were calculated based on supply data of hotels and AirBnB, app-data, and expert consultations.
Findings
The study shows that in Hamburg there are two key mechanisms that stimulate conflicts: (1) the number of tourists in relation to the number of residents and its distribution in time and space; (2) the behaviour of visitors measured in the norms that they pose onto themselves and others (indecent behaviour of tourists).
Research limitations/implications
The model that was developed is a conceptual model, not a model with which hypotheses can be tested statistically. Refinement of the model needs further study.
Practical implications
Based on the outcomes of the study concrete strategies were proposed with which Hamburg could manage and control the balance of tourism.
Originality/value
City tourism has been growing in the last decades, in some cases dramatically. As a consequence, conflicts between tourists, tourism suppliers and inhabitants can occur. The rise of the so-called sharing economy has recently added an additional facet to the discussion. The ability to assess and deal with such conflicts is of importance for the way city tourism can develop in the future. This study is an attempt to contribute to the understanding of the mechanism behind and the nature of those conflicts, and the way they can be managed and controlled. Besides it illustrates how data generated by social media (apps) can be used for such purposes.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to better understand the tourism experience of millennials by connecting their value orientations to the meaning that they give to travel. In doing so, it also ...aims at discovering profiles of young tourists that can be targeted both now and in the future by tourism organisations.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey based on validated scales reached 423 Dutch millennials. An integrated multidimensional research strategy has been applied where models that reduce the gathered data to fewer components (principal component analyses) were followed by a cluster analysis.
Findings
Ten value orientations (Schwartz, 1994) and four travel meanings have been identified. By combining these ten value orientations and four meanings, nine clusters have been identified representing groups of millennial tourists with different needs. For example, while two clusters fit into the popular description of young travellers seeking only unpretentious enjoyment, millennials represented in two other clusters are strongly motivated by self-transcending values, distance themselves from the travel meaning escapism and relaxation and will therefore not positively respond to a merely hedonic travel offer.
Research limitations/implications
Replication of this research is recommended in other national contexts, possibly using a longitudinal approach.
Practical implications
The nine clusters should be approached with a dedicated travel offer. In particular, at least two clusters of millennials may be successfully approached with a sustainable tourism offer.
Originality/value
The combination of value orientations and travel meanings portrays a detailed and realistic picture of the tourism experience looked for by millennials.
In this paper three theories of speech monitoring are evaluated. The perception-based approach proposes that the same mechanism employed in understanding other-produced language, the speech ...comprehension system, is also used to monitor one's own speech production. A conceptual, an inner, and an auditory loop convey information to a central, conscious monitor which scrutinizes the adequacy of the ongoing speech flow. In this model, only the end-products in the speech production sequences, the preverbal (propositional) message, the phonetic plan, and the auditory results, are verified. The production-based account assumes multiple local, autonomous monitoring devices, which can look
inside formulation components. Moreover, these devices might be tuned to various signals from the actual speech motor execution, e.g. efferent, tactile, and proprioceptive feedback. Finally, node structure theory views error detection as a natural outflow of the activation patterns in the node system for speech production. Errors result in prolonged activation of uncommitted nodes, which in turn may incite error awareness. The approaches differ on the points of consciousness, volition and control, the number of monitoring channels, and their speed, flexibility, and capacity, and whether they can account for concurrent language comprehension disorders. From the empirical evidence presently available, it is argued for a central perception-based monitor, potentially augmented with a few automatic, production-based error detection devices.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the scenario planning approach developed and used by the European Tourism Futures Institute (ETFI).
Design/methodology/approach
This paper contains the ...following sections: mission and aims of the research group; epistemological and methodological positioning, conceptual framework and research lines for an applied scenario planning approach.
Findings
This paper highlights the research methodology of the scenario planning group of the European Tourism Research Institute. It provides insight in the research foundations of the scenario planning approach in a tourism context and ETFI's conceptual framework for scenario planning.
Originality/value
The paper provides an insight to how Europe's first tourism futures research centre developed and uses a conceptual framework for scenario planning thus demonstrating best practice success.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a common eating disorder that affects 2.9 million people worldwide. Not eating a balanced diet or fasting can cause neurological complications after severe vitamin B1 ...malnourishment, although the precise signs and symptoms of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) are not clear. Our aim was to review the signs and symptoms of WE in patients with AN. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and PiCarta on all case descriptions of WE following AN. All case descriptions of WE in AN, irrespective of language, were included. Twelve WE cases were reviewed, suggesting that WE following AN is still a relatively rare neuropsychiatric disorder. WE is characterized by a triad of: mental status change, ocular signs, and ataxia. In alcoholism, this triad is present in 16% of cases, but eight out of 12 AN cases presented themselves with a full triad of symptomatology. Importantly, patients often had a more complex triad than has been previously described, involving vertigo, diplopia, and the consequences of refeeding syndrome. The development of a full triad and additional symptomatology suggests a late recognition of signs and symptoms of WE in AN. A complicating factor is the overlap between symptoms of thiamine deficiency and the symptoms of WE. Specifically, patients who show rapid weight loss are vulnerable for the development of WE. Eating disorders, such as AN, can lead to WE. Prophylactic thiamine checks and treatment in patients with AN are relevant, and in case of suspicion of WE, adequate parenteral thiamine supplementation is necessary.
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to carry out an intention in the future. PM is particularly impaired in Korsakoff syndrome (KS). We investigated the benefit of a smartwatch and ...smartphone compared to no aid in supporting time accuracy and PM task performance in KS. Time accuracy was improved with a smartwatch compared to the other conditions. Furthermore, the smartwatch and phone conditions were more effective than no aid in assisting memory for task content. Together these results suggest that using an external memory aid is beneficial for successful PM in KS.
To date, research on the disturbed experience of body size in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) mainly focused on the conscious perceptual level (i.e. body image). Here we investigated whether these disturbances ...extend to body schema: an unconscious, action-related representation of the body. AN patients (n = 19) and healthy controls (HC; n = 20) were compared on body-scaled action. Participants walked through door-like openings varying in width while performing a diversion task. AN patients and HC differed in the largest opening width for which they started rotating their shoulders to fit through. AN patients started rotating for openings 40% wider than their own shoulders, while HC started rotating for apertures only 25% wider than their shoulders. The results imply abnormalities in AN even at the level of the unconscious, action oriented body schema. Body representation disturbances in AN are thus more pervasive than previously assumed: They do not only affect (conscious) cognition and perception, but (unconscious) actions as well.
The future of city tourism Postma, Albert; Buda, Dorina-Maria; Gugerell, Katharina
Journal of Tourism Futures,
12/2017, Letnik:
3, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
...advancements in ICT and other such technology, play a role. Implications of city tourism for cities, tourists and residents The growth of city tourism is reflected in four interrelated processes: ...the presence of tourists; the desire, by local authorities or enterprises to welcome tourists in their territory; the rejection of tourism (i.e. a negative attitude towards tourism); and a tourism “gaze” through which the world is interpreted (Stock, 2007). ...the economic and socio-spatial implications of city tourism are significant. Gentrification (e.g. Opillard, 2017), lowering housing supply by increasing rents and real estate prices (Gurran and Phibbs, 2017; Peters, 2017) and lowering quality of life for local residents (Gravari-Barbas and Maria Jacquot, 2017) are documented effects of urban tourism. ...tourism changes and transforms cities and urban spaces and vice versa – these transformations are not always desirable from the residents’ point of view.
Disturbances of semantic and phonemic fluency are common after brain damage, as a manifestation of language, executive, or memory dysfunction. Lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) studies can provide ...fundamental insights in shared and distinct anatomical correlates of these cognitive functions and help to understand which patients suffer from these deficits. We performed a multivariate support vector regression-based lesion-symptom mapping and structural disconnection study on semantic and phonemic fluency in 1231 patients with acute ischemic stroke. With the largest-ever LSM study on verbal fluency we achieved almost complete brain lesion coverage. Lower performance on both fluency types was related to left hemispheric frontotemporal and parietal cortical regions, and subcortical regions centering on the left thalamus. Distinct correlates for phonemic fluency were the anterior divisions of middle and inferior frontal gyri. Distinct correlates for semantic fluency were the posterior regions of the middle and inferior temporal gyri, parahippocampal and fusiform gyri and triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. The disconnectome-based analyses additionally revealed phonemic fluency was associated with a more extensive frontoparietal white matter network, whereas semantic fluency was associated with disconnection of the fornix, mesiotemporal white matter, splenium of the corpus callosum. These results provide the most detailed outline of the anatomical correlates of phonemic and semantic fluency to date, stress the crucial role of subcortical regions and reveal a novel dissociation in the left temporal lobe.
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