Dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody against interleukin-4 receptor alpha, inhibits signaling of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, type 2 cytokines that may be important drivers of atopic or ...allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.
In two randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials of identical design (SOLO 1 and SOLO 2), we enrolled adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis whose disease was inadequately controlled by topical treatment. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive, for 16 weeks, subcutaneous dupilumab (300 mg) or placebo weekly or the same dose of dupilumab every other week alternating with placebo. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who had both a score of 0 or 1 (clear or almost clear) on the Investigator's Global Assessment and a reduction of 2 points or more in that score from baseline at week 16.
We enrolled 671 patients in SOLO 1 and 708 in SOLO 2. In SOLO 1, the primary outcome occurred in 85 patients (38%) who received dupilumab every other week and in 83 (37%) who received dupilumab weekly, as compared with 23 (10%) who received placebo (P<0.001 for both comparisons with placebo). The results were similar in SOLO 2, with the primary outcome occurring in 84 patients (36%) who received dupilumab every other week and in 87 (36%) who received dupilumab weekly, as compared with 20 (8%) who received placebo (P<0.001 for both comparisons). In addition, in the two trials, an improvement from baseline to week 16 of at least 75% on the Eczema Area and Severity Index was reported in significantly more patients who received each regimen of dupilumab than in patients who received placebo (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Dupilumab was also associated with improvement in other clinical end points, including reduction in pruritus and symptoms of anxiety or depression and improvement in quality of life. Injection-site reactions and conjunctivitis were more frequent in the dupilumab groups than in the placebo groups.
In two phase 3 trials of identical design involving patients with atopic dermatitis, dupilumab improved the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis, including pruritus, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and quality of life, as compared with placebo. Trials of longer duration are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of dupilumab. (Funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; SOLO 1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02277743 ; SOLO 2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02277769 .).
Molecular and cellular understanding of psoriasis pathogenesis has evolved considerably over the last 30 years beginning in the early 1980s when psoriasis was thought to be a skin disease driven by ...keratinocyte hyperproliferation. During the next 20 years, the role of the immune system and T-helper (Th) cells in psoriasis pathogenesis was recognized. The presence of the interleukin (IL)-12 cytokine in psoriatic lesions led to the postulate that psoriasis is mediated by Th1 cells. Recent evidence has revealed a role for Th17 cells, and other immune cells, as proximal regulators of psoriatic skin inflammation. IL-17A, the principal effector cytokine of Th17 cells, stimulates keratinocytes to produce chemokines, cytokines, and other proinflammatory mediators thereby enabling IL-17A to bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems to sustain chronic inflammation. This model underlies the rationale for inhibiting IL-17A signaling as a potential therapeutic approach to disrupt the psoriatic inflammatory loop. Several monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the IL-17 pathway are in clinical development. These agents exhibit promising clinical efficacy and tolerability profiles including immunohistochemical improvement in psoriatic plaques. Results from clinical trials with IL-17 pathway inhibitors are refining our understanding of psoriasis pathogenesis and may provide a new therapeutic approach for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.
Off-label prescribing is a common practice in dermatology, particularly when uncommon dermatologic diseases have limited or no approved treatment options. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are approved ...for the treatment of eczema, and their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and steroid-sparing effects make them an attractive therapeutic option for a wide variety of other dermatologic diseases. This review summarizes and qualifies the available evidence supporting the clinical effectiveness of tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream in non-eczema indications. There is high-quality evidence supporting the effectiveness of topical calcineurin inhibitors in multiple dermatological disorders including vitiligo; psoriasis of the face, folds, and genitals; seborrheic dermatitis; chronic hand dermatitis; contact dermatitis; oral lichen planus; lichen sclerosus; morphea; and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lower-quality evidence suggests they may be considered as an option in many other cutaneous disorders.
Background Olumacostat glasaretil (OG) inhibits acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, the enzyme responsible for the first, rate-limiting step in de novo fatty acid synthesis. OG inhibited in vitro human ...sebocyte lipid production and reduced in vivo sebaceous gland size in hamster ears. Objectives Safety and efficacy of OG 7.5% gel were evaluated in patients with moderate to severe facial acne vulgaris. Methods Patients were randomized (1:1) to twice-daily application of OG or vehicle for 12 weeks. Efficacy was measured through changes in lesion counts and improvement in acne severity scores. Results A total of 108 patients received OG (n = 53) or vehicle (n = 55); these groups had mean baseline counts of 29.7 and 28.6 inflammatory and 40.9 and 38.8 noninflammatory lesions, respectively. At week 12, OG treatment showed greater reductions from baseline in inflammatory lesions (−63.9% vs −45.9%; P = .0006) and noninflammatory lesions (−48.1% vs −28.8%; P = .0025), and more patients with greater than or equal to 2-grade improvement in investigator global assessment score (24.5% vs 7.3%; P = .0070) than vehicle. Application-site adverse events (typically mild or moderate intensity) were more common with OG. Limitations Larger trials are needed to optimize OG dosing and confirm the current results. Conclusion OG was well tolerated and showed evidence of efficacy, suggesting further development is warranted.
Background REVEAL was a 52-week phase III trial of adalimumab therapy for moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Patients from REVEAL could enter an open-label extension trial to receive ...adalimumab for approximately 3 years of total therapy. Objective We sought to determine long-term efficacy and safety of continuous adalimumab therapy for patients from REVEAL. Methods Efficacy and safety over greater than 3 years of treatment were analyzed for 4 groups of patients from REVEAL. Patients who received adalimumab continuously from baseline were grouped by their responses in REVEAL: (1) greater than or equal to 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score (PASI 75) at weeks 16 and 33 (sustained responders); (2) less than PASI 75 at week 16; and (3) greater than or equal to PASI 75 at week 16 with 50% to less than 75% improvement in PASI score at week 33. Results were also analyzed for patients who began adalimumab after 16 weeks of placebo therapy. Results For patients with sustained PASI 75 responses during REVEAL, efficacy was generally well maintained over 3 years, with 75%/90%/100% improvement in PASI score response rates (last observation carried forward) of 83%/59%/33% after 100 weeks and 76%/50%/31% after 160 weeks of continuous therapy. Some patients with less than PASI 75 responses in REVEAL also achieved long-term PASI 75 responses. Efficacy in the placebo/adalimumab group was consistent with the ensemble of results from the other 3 groups. Adverse event rates were consistent with those during REVEAL. Limitations The REVEAL study design prevented analyzing all patients from the adalimumab arm as one long-term cohort. Conclusion Adalimumab efficacy was well maintained over more than 3 years of continuous therapy for patients with sustained initial PASI 75 responses. Maintenance was best at the PASI 100 level.
Background:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disease resulting from defects in skin barrier and aberrant immune responses. AD significantly affects the quality of life. ...Not all patients respond to topical therapies, and often systemic therapy is required to control the disease.
Objective:
To review the treatment options for adult AD patients including those options for patients who do not respond adequately or have contraindications to oral systemic therapy.
Methods:
A working group of clinicians with experience managing AD was convened to review the current literature on treatment options for adult AD patients. This review is based on the best available evidence from a published systematic review and an additional literature search.
Results:
Current treatments for AD are reviewed, including options for adult AD patients who do not respond or have contraindications to current systemic therapies. A new approach with targeted therapies is reviewed based on best available evidence.
Conclusion:
Many AD patients respond satisfactorily to topical or systemic treatments, but for those patients who do not respond or have contraindications, new biologic agents appear to be promising therapies.
Ixekizumab was efficacious in treating moderate-to-severe genital psoriasis over 12 weeks. We evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of ixekizumab for up to 52 weeks. Patients were randomized to ...80 mg ixekizumab every 2 weeks or to placebo through Week 12, then received 80 mg open-label ixekizumab every 4 weeks through Week 52. In patients initially randomized to ixekizumab, clear or almost clear genital skin was achieved for 73% of patients at Week 12 and 75% at Week 52. Persistent improvements were also observed for overall psoriasis, genital itch, and the impact of genital psoriasis on the frequency of sexual activity. The safety profile was consistent with studies of ixekizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Ixekizumab provided rapid and persistent improvements in the signs and symptoms of genital psoriasis for up to 52 weeks of treatment.
Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rosacea Asai, Yuka; Tan, Jerry; Baibergenova, Akerke ...
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery,
09/2016, Letnik:
20, Številka:
5
Book Review, Journal Article
Recenzirano
Rosacea is a chronic facial inflammatory dermatosis characterized by background facial erythema and flushing and may be accompanied by inflammatory papules and pustules, cutaneous fibrosis and ...hyperplasia known as phyma, and ocular involvement. These features can have adverse impact on quality of life, and ocular involvement can lead to visual dysfunction. The past decade has witnessed increased research into pathogenic pathways involved in rosacea and the introduction of novel treatment innovations. The objective of these guidelines is to offer evidence-based recommendations to assist Canadian health care providers in the diagnosis and management of rosacea. These guidelines were developed by an expert panel of Canadian dermatologists taking into consideration the balance of desirable and undesirable outcomes, the quality of supporting evidence, the values and preferences of patients, and the costs of treatment. The 2015 Cochrane review “Interventions in Rosacea” was used as a source of clinical trial evidence on which to base the recommendations.
Background
In Québec, targeted biologic therapies for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis are restricted to patients who have not responded to phototherapy or conventional systemic treatment, ...primarily due to high drug costs. Apremilast, an oral treatment for plaque psoriasis, was added to the Québec provincial health insurance plan (Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec; RAMQ) formulary in 2015, making this the only province in Canada with public drug plan reimbursement for apremilast.
Objectives
The aim of this study is to describe patients’ characteristics, treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and associated costs and to measure real-world budget impact of using apremilast before biologics in plaque psoriasis.
Methods
This study was performed using RAMQ drug claims and medical services data. Patients diagnosed with psoriasis between January 2015 and December 2017 were identified. Medical services and prescription claims were categorized as all-cause and psoriasis-related. Using RAMQ database estimates, a 3-year budget impact analysis was developed comparing treatment cost with and without the addition of apremilast to the formulary.
Results
In all, 540 patients were identified (apremilast: n = 92; biologics: n = 448). Comorbidity burden and treatment persistence and adherence were comparable between apremilast and biologic users. The year following the index date, all-cause HCRU was lower for apremilast versus biologic users (CAN$19 763 vs CAN$28 025; P < .01), mainly driven by drug cost. Using apremilast before biologics resulted in an estimated RAMQ net savings of CAN$49 290 (2015), CAN$746 856 (2016), and CAN$1 216 512 (2017), and a total savings of CAN$2 012 658 since apremilast’s addition to the formulary.
Conclusion
Adding apremilast to the drug formulary of other Canadian provinces could result in significant healthcare savings.
Background Etanercept is well tolerated and effective in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. However, effectiveness and safety data beyond 2.5 years have not been reported. Objective We sought to ...assess the effectiveness and safety profile of up to 4 years of etanercept therapy in psoriasis. Methods We analyzed prospective data from previous trials and open-label extensions, including 506 patients who initiated etanercept therapy in either of two phase III trials. Patients received etanercept, 25 mg twice weekly, 50 mg weekly, or 50 mg twice weekly, depending on which trial therapy was started. Dosage adjustments were allowed in open-label extensions, but no patients exceeded 50 mg twice weekly. Outcomes included change from baseline for the static Physician Global Assessment and Dermatology Life Quality Index scores. Exposure-adjusted adverse event (AE) rates were calculated. Results In all, 75.9% (95% confidence interval 67.9-84.0) and 27.8% (95% confidence interval 19.3-36.2) maintained Dermatology Life Quality Index response (≥5-point improvement from baseline) and static Physician Global Assessment response (clear or almost clear) at 48 months, respectively. AE and serious AE rates were 243.5 and 7.8 events per 100 patient-years, respectively. No serious AE rates exceeded 1.0 event per 100 patient-years. Overall infection and serious infection rates were 96.9 and 0.9 events per 100 patient-years, respectively. No cases of tuberculosis or lymphoma were reported. Limitations Effectiveness data were limited to static Physician Global Assessment and Dermatology Life Quality Index scores. Analysis of AE rates was limited to available comparator databases. Conclusion Etanercept demonstrated sustained effectiveness and a favorable safety profile with no cumulative toxicity for up to 4 years, representing, to our knowledge, the longest published study on etanercept use in psoriasis to date.
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