These pediatric hypertension guidelines are an update to the 2004 "Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents." Significant changes ...in these guidelines include (1) the replacement of the term "prehypertension" with the term "elevated blood pressure," (2) new normative pediatric blood pressure (BP) tables based on normal-weight children, (3) a simplified screening table for identifying BPs needing further evaluation, (4) a simplified BP classification in adolescents ≥13 years of age that aligns with the forthcoming American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology adult BP guidelines, (5) a more limited recommendation to perform screening BP measurements only at preventive care visits, (6) streamlined recommendations on the initial evaluation and management of abnormal BPs, (7) an expanded role for ambulatory BP monitoring in the diagnosis and management of pediatric hypertension, and (8) revised recommendations on when to perform echocardiography in the evaluation of newly diagnosed hypertensive pediatric patients (generally only before medication initiation), along with a revised definition of left ventricular hypertrophy. These guidelines include 30 Key Action Statements and 27 additional recommendations derived from a comprehensive review of almost 15 000 published articles between January 2004 and July 2016. Each Key Action Statement includes level of evidence, benefit-harm relationship, and strength of recommendation. This clinical practice guideline, endorsed by the American Heart Association, is intended to foster a patient- and family-centered approach to care, reduce unnecessary and costly medical interventions, improve patient diagnoses and outcomes, support implementation, and provide direction for future research.
A strategic mindset Chen, Patricia; Powers, Joseph T.; Katragadda, Kruthika R. ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
06/2020, Letnik:
117, Številka:
25
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Many attractive jobs in today’s world require people to take on new challenges and figure out how to master them. As with any challenging goal, this involves systematic strategy use. Here we ask: Why ...are some people more likely to take a strategic stance toward their goals, and can this tendency be cultivated? To address these questions, we introduce the idea of a domain-general “strategic mindset.” This mindset involves asking oneself strategy-eliciting questions, such as “What can I do to help myself?”, “How else can I do this?”, or “Is there a way to do this even better?”, in the face of challenges or insufficient progress. In three studies (n = 864), people who scored higher on (or were primed with) a strategic mindset reported using more metacognitive strategies; in turn, they obtained higher college grade point averages (GPAs) (Study 1); reported greater progress toward their professional, educational, health, and fitness goals (Study 2); and responded to a challenging timed laboratory task by practicing it more and performing it faster (Study 3). We differentiated a strategic mindset from general self-efficacy, self-control, grit, and growth mindsets and showed that it explained unique variance in people’s use of metacognitive strategies. These findings suggest that being strategic entails more than just having specific metacognitive skills—it appears to also entail an orientation toward seeking and employing them.
DNA G‐quadruplex structures were recently discovered to provide reliable scaffolding for two‐dimensional organic frameworks due to the strong hydrogen‐bonding ability of guanine. Herein, 2,7‐diaryl ...pyrene building blocks with high HOMO energies and large optical gaps are incorporated into G‐quadruplex organic frameworks. The adjustable substitution on the aryl groups provides an opportunity to elucidate the framework formation mechanism; molecular non‐planarity is found to be beneficial for restricting interlayer slippage, and the framework crystallinity is highest when intermolecular interaction and non‐planarity strike a fine balance. When guanine‐functionalized pyrenes are co‐crystallized with naphthalene diimide, charge‐transfer (CT) complexes are obtained. The photophysical properties of the pyrene‐only and CT frameworks are characterized by UV/Vis and steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies, and by EPR spectroscopy for the CT complex frameworks.
Crystal packing on a rugged surface: non‐planar molecular building blocks restrict the interlayer slippage and modulate dispersion interactions for the formation of 2D G‐quadruplex organic frameworks. Charge‐transfer complexes can be obtained when size‐matched building blocks of similar nonplanarity are co‐crystallized.
The two studies reported here tested whether a classroom-based psychological intervention that benefited a few African American 7th graders could trigger emergent ecological effects that benefited ...their entire classrooms. Multilevel analyses were conducted on data that previously documented the benefits of values affirmations on African American students' grades. The density of African American students who received the intervention in each classroom (i.e., treatment density) was used as an independent predictor of grades. Within a classroom, the greater the density of African American students who participated in the intervention exercise, the higher the grades of all classmates on average, regardless of their race or whether they participated in the intervention exercise. Benefits of treatment density were most pronounced among students with a history of poor performance. Results suggest that the benefits of psychological intervention do not end with the individual. Changed individuals can improve their social environments, and such improvements can benefit others regardless of whether they participated in the intervention. These findings have implications for understanding the emergence of ecological consequences from psychological processes.
Changing Environments by Changing Individuals Powers, Joseph T; Cook, Jonathan E; Purdie-Vaughns Valerie ...
Psychological science,
02/2016, Letnik:
27, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The two studies reported here tested whether a classroom-based psychological intervention that benefited a few African American 7th graders could trigger emergent ecological effects that benefited ...their entire classrooms. Multilevel analyses were conducted on data that previously documented the benefits of values affirmations on African American students’ grades. The density of African American students who received the intervention in each classroom (i.e., treatment density) was used as an independent predictor of grades. Within a classroom, the greater the density of African American students who participated in the intervention exercise, the higher the grades of all classmates on average, regardless of their race or whether they participated in the intervention exercise. Benefits of treatment density were most pronounced among students with a history of poor performance. Results suggest that the benefits of psychological intervention do not end with the individual. Changed individuals can improve their social environments, and such improvements can benefit others regardless of whether they participated in the intervention. These findings have implications for understanding the emergence of ecological consequences from psychological processes.
DNA G‐quadruplex structures were recently discovered to provide reliable scaffolding for two‐dimensional organic frameworks due to the strong hydrogen‐bonding ability of guanine. Herein, 2,7‐diaryl ...pyrene building blocks with high HOMO energies and large optical gaps are incorporated into G‐quadruplex organic frameworks. The adjustable substitution on the aryl groups provides an opportunity to elucidate the framework formation mechanism; molecular non‐planarity is found to be beneficial for restricting interlayer slippage, and the framework crystallinity is highest when intermolecular interaction and non‐planarity strike a fine balance. When guanine‐functionalized pyrenes are co‐crystallized with naphthalene diimide, charge‐transfer (CT) complexes are obtained. The photophysical properties of the pyrene‐only and CT frameworks are characterized by UV/Vis and steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies, and by EPR spectroscopy for the CT complex frameworks.
Kristallpackung auf welliger Oberfläche: Unebene molekulare Baueinheiten vermindern die Verschiebung zwischen den Schichten und modulieren Dispersionswechselwirkungen bei der Bildung zweidimensionaler organischer G‐Quadruplex‐Netzwerke. Charge‐Transfer‐Komplexe werden erhalten, wenn Baueinheiten mit aufeinander abgestimmter Größe und Unebenheit gemeinsam kristallisieren.
Two adult brothers, one documented to have methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria, or cobalamin C deficiency, after autopsy, displayed severe but divergent neurological presentations. One ...exhibited a myelopathy and the other chronic endocrine problems (Schmidt's syndrome) followed by a neuropsychiatric and dementing disorder owing to cerebral perivascular demyelination. The recognition of cobalamin C deficiency has practical implications because it is one of the few inherited diseases of central white matter that is treatable. Ann Neurol 2001;49:396–400
The active site structures of human Q31 granzyme A, murine granzymes (A, B, C, D, E, and F), and human granzymes (A, B, and 3) isolated from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were studied with peptide ...thioester substrates, peptide chloromethyl ketone, and isocoumarin inhibitors. Human Q31, murine, and human granzyme A hydrolyzed Arg- or Lys-containing thioesters very efficiently with kcat/KM of 10(4)-10(5) M-1 s-1. Murine granzyme B was found to have Asp-ase activity and hydrolyzed Boc-Ala-Ala-Asp-SBzl with a kcat/KM value of 2.3 X 10(5) M-1 s-1. The rate was accelerated 1.4-fold when the 0.05 M NaCl in the assay was replaced with CaCl2. The preparation of granzyme B also had significant activity toward Boc-Ala-Ala-AA-SBzl substrates, where AA was Asn, Met, or Ser kcat/KM = (4-5) X 10(4) M-1 s-1. Murine granzymes C, D, and E did not hydrolyze any thioester substrate but contained minor contaminating activity toward Arg- or Lys-containing thioesters. Murine granzyme F had small activity toward Suc-Phe-Leu-Phe-SBzl, along with some contaminating trypsin-like activity. Human Q31 granzyme A, murine, and human granzyme A were inhibited quite efficiently by mechanism-based isocoumarin inhibitors substituted with basic groups (guanidino or isothiureidopropoxy). Although the general serine protease inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) inactivated these tryptases poorly, it was the best isocoumarin inhibitor for murine granzyme B (kobs/I = 3700-4200 M-1 s-1). Murine and human granzyme B were also inhibited by Boc-Ala-Ala-Asp-CH2Cl; however, the inhibition was less potent than that with DCI. DCI, 3-(3-amino-propoxy)-4-chloroisocoumarin, 4-chloro-3-(3-isothiureidopropoxy)isocoumarin, and 7-amino-4-chloro-3-(3-isothiureidopropoxy)isocoumarin inhibited Q31 cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated lysis of human JY lymphoblasts (ED50 = 0.5-5.0 microM).
Abstract
DNA G‐quadruplex structures were recently discovered to provide reliable scaffolding for two‐dimensional organic frameworks due to the strong hydrogen‐bonding ability of guanine. Herein, ...2,7‐diaryl pyrene building blocks with high HOMO energies and large optical gaps are incorporated into G‐quadruplex organic frameworks. The adjustable substitution on the aryl groups provides an opportunity to elucidate the framework formation mechanism; molecular non‐planarity is found to be beneficial for restricting interlayer slippage, and the framework crystallinity is highest when intermolecular interaction and non‐planarity strike a fine balance. When guanine‐functionalized pyrenes are co‐crystallized with naphthalene diimide, charge‐transfer (CT) complexes are obtained. The photophysical properties of the pyrene‐only and CT frameworks are characterized by UV/Vis and steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies, and by EPR spectroscopy for the CT complex frameworks.
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