For more than 70 years, accreditation has provided quality control for engineering education in the United States, seeking to assure that graduates of accredited programs are prepared for ...professional practice. However, by the 1980s, the accreditation criteria had become increasingly prescriptive, inhibiting development of innovative programs to reflect changing needs of practice. In response, ABET (formerly Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology) and its stakeholders developed revised criteria, Engineering Criteria 2000 (EC2000), which emphasize learning outcomes, assessment, and continuous improvement rather than detailed curricular specifications. These criteria, together with international agreements among engineering accrediting bodies, facilitate mobility of an increasingly global profession. To assess the utility of the new criteria, ABET has commissioned a multiyear study of the impact of EC2000 on U.S. engineering education. Initial results from the study are encouraging and, as more results emerge, should support continuous improvement of the accreditation process, itself.
One way to explore the question of whether and how intelligence influenced the course of the Cold War is to review its impact within a defined arena of political-military activity. This paper ...investigates several areas in which intelligence analysis influenced the superpower strategic competition: forging of military doctrines, the design of weapons systems, and the progression of international crises. The analysis focuses on the United States case, where it finds cases in which US intelligence had beneficial effects but others in which intelligence performance proved more problematic in either shortening the Cold War or reducing its dangers.
